Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventeen patients who had been admitted to hospital for wasp/bee sting were studied. Mild pyrexia was encountered in 7 patients, rash/urticaria in 3, angioneurotic oedema in 2, oliguria in 2, microscopic haematuria and albuminuria in 3, transient hypotension in 1. However, there were frequent elevations of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (9 out of 17 patients), serum creatine phosphokinase (14 out of 17 patients) and serum lactate dehydrogenase (8 out of 14 patients), indicating presence of damage to muscle fibres. This was confirmed by the histological findings of a muscle-biopsy from the most severe case. Elevation of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was found in 6, and elevation of serum isocitrate dehydrogenase in 5 out of 14 patients, suggesting presence of liver damage. The above enzyme elevations appeared short-lived except in the clinically most severe patient (case 9) who developed acute tubular necrosis. All patients except the latter suffered no clinical sequelae and there was no correlation between their clinical condition and the presence or degree of elevations of serum enzymes.
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PMID:Elevated serum enzymes in patients with wasp/bee sting and their clinical significance. 124 43

Panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP) was given by 30 minutes drip infusion to 15 children with acute bacterial infections including 11 with acute pneumonia, 2 each with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and urinary tract infections. Good to excellent clinical responses were obtained in all of the 15 patients and bacterial eradications were obtained for all 12 strains identified in these cases. Urticaria considered to be drug related was observed in 1 patient. Slight elevations of GOT and GPT and eosinophilia were observed in 1 case each. From the above clinical results, it appears that PAPM/BP is a useful antibiotic for treatment of pediatric patients with various bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical studies on panipenem/betamipron in pediatrics]. 151 26

Pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on an injectable monobactam antibiotic aztreonam (AZT), were carried out in perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology and the obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. Pharmacokinetic study (1) Upon one-shot intravenous injection of AZT 1 g before delivery, maternal serum concentration of AZT was 89.0 micrograms/ml immediately after the injection and a half-life (T 1/2) of 0.96 hour was observed. Umbilical-cord serum concentration showed a peak value of 16.5 micrograms/ml at 1.26 hours after the injection and gradually decreased with a T 1/2 of 1.91 hours. The transfer into amniotic fluid was observed and the peak value of AZT in amniotic fluid reached 12.9 micrograms/ml at 5.57 hours after the injection and slowly decreased thereafter with a T 1/2 of 4.42 hours. Transfer and disappearance in one-shot 2 g intravenous injection and 1 g intravenous drip infusion (1 hour) of AZT were very similar to the results obtained with the one-shot 1 g intravenous injection. (2) The residual serum concentration in neonates after one-shot 1 g intravenous injection of AZT to the mother was almost below the detectable limit. Transfer of AZT into milk was scarcely recognized. 2. Clinical studies (1) AZT was injected to 47 cases with various perinatal infections and it was more than "effective" in 45 cases with an efficacy rate of 95.7%. Also, all the 12 cases to which AZT was administered for prophylaxis of infections showed prophylactic effect. Bacterial eradication was obtained with 25 strains out of 29 aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, but 1 strain "persisted" and for 3 strains results were "unknown", hence an eradication rate of 96.2% was obtained. However, AZT treatment resulted in a little lower eradication rate against Gram-positive bacteria. (2) One case (1.3%) of minor degree of urticaria was found as a side effect, and one case each of eosinophilia and elevation of GOT, GPT and Al-P was observed as abnormal laboratory value. From the above results of pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluation, it has been concluded that AZT is a useful and highly safe drug in various perinatal infections and prophylaxis.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluations on aztreonam in perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology. A study of aztreonam in the perinatal co-research group]. 219 91

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on aztreonam (AZT) in the perinatal period in obstetrics and gynecology were performed with the following results. 1. Concentrations of AZT in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum, amniotic fluid and neonatal serum were determined after 1 hour intravenous drip infusion of 1 g. The maternal serum concentration was 32.2 micrograms/ml at 26 minutes after administration, gradually decreasing thereafter to 13.2 micrograms/ml at 2 hours 33 minutes, 4.9 micrograms/ml at 3 hours 21 minutes and 2.9 micrograms/ml at 5 hours 3 minutes. Umbilical cord serum concentration was 17.0 micrograms/ml at 36 minutes after drip infusion and still remained at 4.0-16.1 micrograms/ml at 5 hours after administration. Amniotic fluid concentration was 9.9 micrograms/ml at 3 hours 21 minutes after drip infusion and showed 3.3 micrograms/ml at 16 hours 26 minutes after administration. Most of the maximum serum concentrations of newborns between 3 to 24 hours after delivery were not detectable, with only one case with 2.2 micrograms/ml at 9 hours after delivery. 2. AZT 1 or 2 g x 2/day was given by intravenous drip infusion to 12 cases of perinatal infections in obstetrics and gynecology for 5 to 8 days. Clinical efficacies were evaluated as excellent in 8 cases, effective in 2 and not effective in 2 with 83.3% efficacy rate. With respect to side effects, minor degree of urticaria was observed in 1 case. Another case showed a transient elevations of GOT, GPT and Al-P in laboratory tests.
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on aztreonam in the perinatal period in obstetrics and gynecology]. 238 Oct 41

Lomefloxacin (NY-198), a new antimicrobial quinolone, was examined for its antimicrobial activities against clinical isolates and clinical efficacies to biliary tract infections. The following results were obtained. 1. The MICs of NY-198 against Escherichia coli (20 strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (20 strains) were good and similar to those of ofloxacin (OFLX) or norfloxacin (NFLX). The MICs of NY-198 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20 strains) were inferior by 1 dilution factor to OFLX or NFLX, and against Enterococcus faecalis (10 strains), they were similar to NFLX and slightly inferior to OFLX. 2. NY-198 was administered to 8 patients with biliary tract infections (acute cholecystitis 7 cases, chronic cholangitis 1 case). The results were good in 7 and unevaluable in 1 case because the duration of the therapy was too short. 3. As for side effects, mild urticaria was observed in 1 case and epigastralgia with nausea in another. As for abnormal laboratory test values slight elevations of GOT and GPT were recognized in 1 case. 4. In conclusion, we consider NY-198 is a useful oral drug for the treatment of biliary tract infections.
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PMID:[Studies of lomefloxacin in biliary tract infections]. 276 34

Flomoxef (6315-S, FMOX), a new oxacephem antibiotic was studied clinically in 27 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. FMOX was intravenously administered at a dose of 1.0 g twice daily for 5 days. Clinical effect of FMOX on patients with complicated urinary tract infections were excellent in 11.5%, moderate in 57.7% and overall clinical efficacy rate was 69.2%. During the treatment with FMOX, urticaria was observed in 1 case. In laboratory tests, a decrease of RBC, Hb and Ht in 1 case, a decrease of WBC in 1 case and an elevation of GPT in another case were observed. But these abnormal values were slight and transient.
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PMID:[Clinical trials of flomoxef in complicated urinary tract infections]. 344 25

Cefotiam (CTM) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in children. Twenty-six patients were treated with 40 to 200 mg/kg per day of CTM by intravenous administrations. The diagnosis of the patients were acute pharyngitis (2), acute bronchitis (1), pneumonia (4), empyema (2), urinary tract infection (2), typhoid fever (1), acute enterocolitis (2), partially-treated purulent meningitis (1), and suspected septicemia in neuroblastoma (1); and the remaining ten patients were considered to have nonbacterial infections. The pathogens recovered were Streptococcus pyogenes (1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (1), Staphylococcus aureus (4), Haemophilus influenzae (4), Escherichia coli (1), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1), Salmonella typhi (1), and Campylobacter jejuni (1). All but two patients of bacterial infections were cured after the CTM therapy, and the rate of efficacy was 87.5%. Diarrhea (3), urticaria (1), transient elevation of GOT and GPT (1), and transient eosinophilia (3) were found to be associated with the CTM therapy. However, no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Half life of the serum CTM level was 0.93 +/- 0.13 hours, and excretion into the urine was rapid. CSF concentration obtained 1 hour after an intravenous injection of 21 mg/kg of CTM in a case with inflamed meninges was 1.5 mcg/ml, and the CSF/serum ratio was 9.0%. From these data, CTM appears to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible bacterial infections.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of cefotiam therapy in children (author's transl)]. 627 Apr 13

Laboratory and clinical studies of cefoperazone (CPZ), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, were investigated and following results were obtained. (1) Blood level: CPZ was given intravenous dose of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg to each 3 children. In the former, the blood level of 15 minutes after injection was 194.2 mcg/ml on average and the half life was 106.2 minutes. In the latter, the blood level was 320.0 mcg/ml on average and half life was 102.2 minutes. (2) Urinary concentration: In the cases of the dose of 25 mg/kg, 35.9% of CPZ was recovered on average from the urine within 6 hours after injection, and the urinary concentration reached to 2,148.6 mcg/ml (0 approximately 2 hours). And in the cases of the dose of 50 mcg/kg, the recovery rate in urine was 43.6%, and the urinary concentration was 3,008.3 mcg/ml. (3) Cerebrospinal fluid level: CSF level was determined in a patient with bacterial meningitis by S. pneumoniae. Ninety mg/kg of CPZ were given intravenous injection. After 60 minutes CSF level was 3.35 mcg/ml, and after 80 minutes the blood level was 192.0 mcg/ml. (4) Bacteriological evaluation: Against 164 strains isolated clinical specimens, the bacteriological evaluation on CPZ was performed in comparison with cefotaxime (CTX), cefazolin (CEZ) and piperacillin (PIPC) by inoculum size of 10(8) cells/ml. CPZ showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria almost similar to CTX and PIPC. (5) CLINICAL RESULTS: CPZ was given 48.3 approximately 360 mg/kg/day (average 146.1 mg/kg/day) by intravenous route to 46 patients with various infection. The overall efficacy rate was 80.4%. The rate of bacteriological effectiveness was 78.9% in 19 cases. (6) Side effects: As side effects, diarrhea, fever, rash, urticaria, leukopenia, eosinophilia, elevation of GOT, GPT, and LDH were observed, but not seriously.
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PMID:[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefoperazone in pediatrics treatment (author's transl)]. 645 44

Basic and clinical studies on cefotetan (CTT) were carried out and the results were as follows: Absorption and excretion Two patients were given 10 mg/kg of CTT by one shot intravenous injection. At 30 minutes after injection, mean serum level was 76.5 micrograms/ml and the half-life time was 2.3 hours. Mean 6-hour urinary recovery in same patients was 57.5%. Clinical evaluation Forty-two patients were treated with CTT, in doses of 19.2-102.9 mg/kg divided 2-4 times per day for 3-10 days intravenously. Responses were excellent in 14, good in 23, fair in 1, poor in 4, and the overall efficacy rate was 88.1%. As to adverse reaction, urticaria was observed in 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory data noted were elevation of GOT in 1, GOT and GPT in 2, creatinine in 1, and eosinophilia in 3 patients.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical evaluation of cefotetan in pediatrics]. 658 25

Azithromycin (AZM) in 100 mg capsules, a newly developed azalide antibiotic, was administered at a standard dose of 10 mg/kg once daily for 3 to 5 days (89.9% received 3 day administration) to children with infectious diseases and the efficacy and the safety of AZM were investigated. In addition, AZM concentrations were determined in blood samples from 9 patients and in urine samples from 12 patients to examine pharmacokinetic characteristics of AZM. 1. Absorption and excretion: Cmax was 0.45 +/- 0.28 micrograms/ml, T 1/2 was 52.7 +/- 20.2 hours, and AUC(0 approximately to infinity) was 12.09 +/- 4.93 micrograms.hr/ml in the 9 patients each of whom received 8.5 to 14.3 mg/kg AZM. Urinary concentrations of AZM peaked at 48 to 72 hours after the administration of 8.5 to 14.7 mg/kg AZM in 12 patients and the average urinary recovery rate in 120 hours was 7.3 +/- 2.8%. 2. Clinical efficacy: The study received 139 entries and 119 cases were evaluated for drug efficacy. The remaining were not evaluated because of dropout or exclusion. The efficacy rate combining both "Excellent" and "Good" cases, was 100% for 40 cases in which pathogens were identified, classified as Group A. The efficacy rate was 97.5% for the remaining 79 cases, classified as Group B, where causative pathogens were unidentified. The difference between the two groups was no statistical significance. The combined efficacy rate was 98.3%. For the 31 cases where the patients had failed to respond to the previous chemotherapies instituted for 3 days or longer, the efficacy rate for AZM was 93.5%. 3. Adverse reactions and abnormal laboratory tests: 8 incidents of diarrhea, skin rashes, urticaria, or vomiting were found in 7 patients (5.4%) of 130 cases eligible for evaluation. These reactions, however, were all transient and mild to moderate in severity in the 7 patients including 2 patients for whom the treatment was discontinued, all resolved in time. Abnormal changes in laboratory tests were found as follows: decrease in WBC in 10 patients (9.3%), an increase in eosinophils in 12 (11.4%), an increase in platelet count in 1 (1.0%), an elevation of GOT in 3 (3.1%), an elevation of GPT in 6 (6.2%), and an elevation of LDH in 1 (1.1%). The abnormalities were transient and did not require particular intervention. Moreover, none of the patients indicated clinical signs associated with the abnormal changes of laboratory tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies with azithromycin (capsule) in the pediatric field. Pediatric Study Group of Azithromycin]. 747 30


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