Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paradoxical acute exacerbation of pre-existing chronic idiopathic urticaria accompanied by intense generalized pruritus, facial oedema, and dyspnoea in a 36-year-old-woman 3-4 h after a single oral dose of 10 mg cetirizine (Zyrtec tablets), suggested the presence of an underlying intolerance reaction. However, a type I hypersensitivity reaction also had to be excluded. Detailed allergy testing supported the view that the patient had suffered an intolerance reaction to cetirizine. This is the third known case of most probably a nonallergic generalized urticaria following the administration of cetirizine, a drug with extensive usage worldwide. However a type I sensitization to cetirizine is indeed possible, as has been demonstrated in this research with the verification of cetirizine-specific IgE antibodies in one of the control sera.
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PMID:Urticarial intolerance reaction to cetirizine. 1207 3

Cetirizine hydrochloride is an orally-active and selective histamine (H(1))-receptor antagonist. It is a second-generation antihistamine and a human metabolite of hydroxyzine. Therefore, its principal effects are mediated via selective inhibition of peripheral H(1) receptors. The antihistaminic activity of cetirizine has been documented in a variety of animal and human models. In vivo and ex vivo animal models have shown negligible anticholinergic and antiserotonergic activity. In clinical studies, however, dry mouth has been seen more commonly with cetirizine than with placebo. In vitro receptor binding studies have shown no measurable affinity for receptors other than H(1) receptors. Auto-radiographical studies with radiolabelled cetirizine in the rat have shown negligible penetration into the brain. Ex vivo experiments in the mouse have shown that systemically administered cetirizine does not significantly occupy cerebral H(1) receptors. Impairment of CNS function is comparable to other low-sedating antihistamines at the recommended dose of 10 mg/day for adults. It has anti-inflammatory properties that may play a role in asthma management. It does not interact with concomitantly administered medications, it has no cardiac adverse effects, and it does not appear to be associated with teratogenicity. Cetirizine is predominantly eliminated by the kidneys with a mean elimination half-life is 8.3 h. It is rapidly absorbed, and significant clinical inhibition of a wheal and flare response occurs in infants, children and adults within 20 min of a single oral dose and persists for 24 h. No tolerance to the wheal and flare response occurs even after 1 month of daily treatment. The clinical efficacy of cetirizine for allergic respiratory diseases has been established in numerous trials. There is evidence that cetirizine improves symptoms of urticaria. Concomitant use of cetirizine also decreases the duration and amount of topical anti-inflammatory preparations needed for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Interestingly, several clinical studies suggest that cetirizine may be useful in the treatment and prevention of mild asthma.
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PMID:Review of cetirizine hydrochloride for the treatment of allergic disorders. 1468 Apr 42

Cetirizine (Zyrtec) is a potent and long-acting second-generation histamine H1- receptor antagonist for the treatment of allergic disease, such as allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria, in adult and child. It is a racemic mixture of levocetirizine (Xyzal) and dextrocetirizine. The purpose of this present study was to compare the efficacy of cetirizine, levocetirizine and placebo for the treatment of pediatric perennial allergic rhinitis. 74 perennial allergic rhinitis patients, aged 6 to 12 years old, assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups for 12 weeks randomly. The effects of the three agents were compared with the Pediatric Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PRQLQ) and Total Symptom Score (TSS) by diary. Nasal peak expiratory flow rate (nPEFR) and laboratory examinations including serum immunoglobulin E level, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), blood eosinophil counts and eosinophil percentage in a nasal smear were evaluated among the three groups. The results revealed that both cetirizine and levocetirizine improved TSS in comparison with the placebo group, and ceterizine appeared to be more efficacious than levocetirizine at week 8 and week 12. The PRQLQ score showed significant decreased both in cetirizine and levocetirizine group, but there was no statistic significant difference between both groups. The eosinophil proportion in a nasal smear significantly decreased among the cetirizine in comparison with the placebo group but there was no statistic significant in levocetirizine groups. Both cetirizine and levocetirizine showed significant improvement in nPEFR in comparison with the placebo group, and ceterizine appeared to be more efficacious than levocetirizine. The 12-week treatment program showed that cetirizine was more effectious than levocetirizine.
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PMID:The comparison of cetirizine, levocetirizine and placebo for the treatment of childhood perennial allergic rhinitis. 1917 92