Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a series of 136 cases of hydatid disease affecting various tissues and organs admitted to one surgical unit in the Medical City Hospital, Baghdad, and personally studied and treated by the author, the liver was involved in 94 cases (69-1 per cent) and intrabiliary rupture occurred in 15. Pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant associated with tenderness and rigidity, radiating to the back and right, shoulder, was the presenting feature in almost all the patients. Hectic fever was present in 14. Obstructive jaundice developed in all the patients at some stage of the illness, but was complete with clay-coloured stools in only half. Chills and rigors were present in 67 per cent, eosinophilia in 40 per cent, a positive Casoni's test in 87 per cent, itching with urticaria and weal formation in 20 per cent and a palpable mass in the liver in 67 per cent of cases. Operative treatment is mandatory in order to clean the mother cyst of hydatid membranes, debris and daughter cysts, to explore and clear the common bile duct and to ensure free biliary passage to the duodenum. Sphincterotomy is neither necessary nor advisable, and when the gallbladder is not invaded by the cyst it should be preserved.
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PMID:Intrabiliary rupture of hydatid cyst of the liver. 119 49

We reviewed 1500 acute transfusion reactions that were reported to the Auckland Regional Blood centre over a 7 year period, from approximately 440,000 transfusions. The majority of reactions were to red cells, and these had the highest reaction incidence per unit (0.73%) of all blood products. The reaction incidence per unit transfused for plasma was 0.1%, for stable plasma protein solution 0.01%, and for platelets 0.04%. The majority of symptoms reported were mild and transient. The commonest were fever (72%), rigors (33%), and rash or urticaria (30%). Although more serious reactions were reported such as angioedema, hypotension and pulmonary oedema, none of these were severe, as judged from the data reported to the centre. There were two transfusion related deaths during the study period, one due to an ABO incompatible transfusion, the other due to bacterial contamination of a unit of blood. Leucocyte agglutinins or antibodies were detected in 29% of those with a febrile reaction, but were also detected in 22% of those who remained afebrile. Serological abnormalities that may have accounted for the reaction were only detected in 12 patients six of whom had autoantibodies. As laboratory investigation reveals little that accurately defines the aetiology of a reaction, a rationalisation of the investigation into acute transfusion reactions is suggested.
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PMID:Acute transfusion reactions. 223 45

Primary infection with the human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) was documented in three patients by virus isolation during acute illness and concurrent or subsequent HTLV-III seroconversion. All patients had fevers, rigors, arthralgias, and myalgias. Additional symptoms included truncal maculopapular rash, urticaria, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Lymphocytic meningitis accompanied the febrile illness in two patients. The estimated incubation period was 4 to 6 weeks, and the symptoms lasted 2 to 3 weeks. Seroconversion occurred 8 to 12 weeks after presumed exposure and was manifested by a characteristic antibody response pattern. Physicians should consider the possibility of primary HTLV-III infection when evaluating patients who belong to one of the risk groups for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and who have prolonged febrile illnesses.
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PMID:Primary human T-lymphotropic virus type III infection. 299 51

The toxicity during and following 291 infusions of 19 murine and three human monoclonal antibodies (MoAB) in 177 cancer patients with 10 different malignancies was assessed. Doses ranged from 0.5 to 500 mg administered over 0.25 to 24 hours. Various reactions in varying degrees were observed in 45 (28%) patients during their first MoAb infusion. Nine additional patients experienced toxicity following a subsequent antibody infusion. Antibodies that reacted with circulating cells were associated with toxicity in 20 of 28 (71%) of the first infusions, compared to 24 of 127 (19%) for patients receiving antibodies that did not react with circulating cells. Fevers, rigors, chills, and diaphoresis were observed in 10% to 12% of the patients and were associated with binding to circulating cells. Presumed hypersensitivity reactions, including urticaria, pruritus, bronchospasm, and anaphylaxis occurred in 20 patients (11%). There were five episodes of bronchospasm and a single episode of anaphylaxis. Liver transaminases were elevated in 14%. There was no correlation between dose or infusion rate and toxicity. Murine monoclonal antibodies that are not conjugated to cytotoxic agents can be given with an acceptable frequency of side effects and serious allergic reactions. There is a small risk of anaphylaxis, and one should avoid rapid infusion of high antibody doses in the presence of circulating target cells and/or circulating free antigen.
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PMID:Toxicities associated with monoclonal antibody infusions in cancer patients. 326 51

Toxicity was assessed during and following 186 infusions of various murine monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in 82 patients afflicted with 10 different malignancies. Doses ranged from 0.5 to 500 mg per infusion and were administered over 0.25-24 h. Reactions of varying degrees were noted in 27 patients (33%) during or following 57 (31%) infusions. For antibodies that reacted with circulating cells, toxicity was seen in 20/82 of the first infusions compared with 0/55 for patients receiving antibodies that did not react with circulating cells. A 25% decrease in white blood cells (WBC) was associated with side effects in 40/66 courses whereas only 9/81 courses were associated with any sort of toxicity when the WBC decreased by less than 25%. Fevers, rigors, chills, and diaphoresis were observed in 21-23% of patients, but only in association with removal of circulating cells that bound the antibody. Presumed hypersensitivity reactions, including urticaria, pruritus, bronchospasm, and anaphylaxis occurred in 15 patients (18%). The two episodes of bronchospasm and single episode of anaphylaxis occurred in patients treated more than once, at least 2 weeks after a previous treatment. There was no clear relationship between dose or rate of infusion and toxicity for these antibodies. We conclude that murine MoAbs can be given with an acceptable frequency of serious allergic reactions and that the biologic effects of specific antibody-antigen reactions may be a more significant source of toxicity for such antibodies.
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PMID:Toxicities and side effects associated with intravenous infusions of murine monoclonal antibodies. 351 99

Thirteen patients with relapsed or refractory Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma were treated with 131I-Lym-1 during the course of a dose escalation trial. Principal aims were to establish the maximum tolerated single dose (MTD), as well as to assess clinical and dosimetric effects of the MTD. Patients were eligible if > 25% of tumor cells bound Lym-1 on immunohistochemistry, stain intensity was +2/4 or greater and human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) assay was negative. Radioimmunotherapy was performed with escalating doses at levels of 50 mCi, 65 mCi/m2 and 80 mCi/m2 (50-139 mCi total). Patients were eligible for retreatment after 6-10 weeks if there was no severe toxicity, their disease was at least stable and HAMA remained negative. Three were retreated. Four have achieved partial responses which lasted 11, 11, 18 and 22 weeks. Acute toxicities included rigors (69%), fever (62%), nausea (46%), vomiting (46%), pruritus (23%), urticaria (23%), chest pain (23%) and bronchospasm (15%). HAMA developed in 3 patients. Myelosuppression, manifested as thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, was dose-limiting and defined the single dose MTD at 65 mCi/m2. Plasma radioactivity clearance was biphasic, with a 0.9 hr alpha-T1/2 and a 19.8 hr beta-T1/2. At completion of Lym-1 infusion, a mean of 45% of the injected dose was recoverable in the circulation. Images obtained within the first 2 hours indicated mean hepatic and splenic uptake was 29% and 11%, respectively. Radiation absorbed doses to tumor ranged from 18-61 rads; mean doses to whole body ranged from 17 to 71 rads.
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PMID:A phase I escalating-dose safety, dosimetry and efficacy study of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody LYM-1. 781 46

Platelet transfusion reactions were prospectively studied in haematology/oncology patients at five university teaching hospitals over three consecutive summers. The initial summer study provided baseline information on the use of premedications and the rate of platelet transfusion reactions (fever, chills, rigors and hives). Most (73%) platelet recipients were premedicated and 30% (95% CI 28-33%) of transfusions were complicated by reactions. The second study followed implementation of guidelines for premedicating platelet transfusions. Despite a marked reduction in premedication (50%), there was little change in the platelet transfusion reaction rate, 26% (95% CI 24-29%), or the type of reactions. The third study followed implementation of prestorage platelet leukoreduction while maintaining the premedication guidelines. The reaction rate decreased to 19% (95% CI 17-22%). For nonleukoreduced platelets, there was a statistically significant association between the platelet age and reaction rate (P = 0.04). For leukoreduced platelets, there was no statistically significant association between platelet age and reaction rate (P = 0.5). Plasma reduction of nonleukoreduced platelet products also reduced the reaction rate. These prospective studies document a high rate of platelet transfusion reactions in haematology/oncology patients and indicate premedication use can be reduced without increasing the reaction rate. Prestorage leukoreduction and/or plasma reduction of platelet products reduces but does not eliminate febrile nonhemolytic platelet transfusion reactions.
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PMID:Effect of premedication guidelines and leukoreduction on the rate of febrile nonhaemolytic platelet transfusion reactions. 1097 14

Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS) is a rare syndrome, characterized by chronic recurrent urticaria, often combined with fever, chills, rigors, malaise, and arthralgia. Progressive sensorineural deafness, and, in approximately one third of the patients, amyloidosis of the kidneys as well as of other organs may occur. It was first described in 1962 by Muckle and Wells. Herein we describe six cases of MWS showing, in addition to the classic features of MWS, unique skin lesions that to the best of our knowledge have not been described before in association with MWS.
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PMID:Muckle-Wells syndrome: report of six cases with hyperpigmented sclerodermoid skin lesions. 1653 22