Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A research has been carried out on a total of 121 persons with survival post-drug shock (DS), which registered 192 DS. Mention should be made of their predominance in the feminine sex (85 per cent) and their maximum frequency between the ages of 21-50 (average age 34). DS was the first adverse reaction to drugs in 71 per cent of the cases. Therefore DS unpredictability is very frequent. A retrospective study suggested the role of risk factors which should help the doctor to prevent DS (personal allergic antecedents, antecedents of adverse reactions to drugs, neuroses, disorders of endocrine glands, feminine sex, etc.). In 1970, the clinical concept of shock imminence (SI) was formulated and it is applied to various etiologies (drugs, insect stings, food). The existence of SI was identified in the case history of 14 per cent of the persons with DS. SI is a syndrome which includes all clinical manifestations with imminent potential of transformation into shock condition, and represents the stage precursory to the setting up of shock. The utility of SI diagnosis is maximum if it also includes the causal factor (e.g. SI by penicillin or aspirin). The clinical image of SI may vary from the monosymptomatic aspect (urticaria, vomiting, diarrhoea, headaches, etc.) to the one with complex symptomatology (mixed form). Usually the symptoms are dramatic and depend on the administration of a certain drug (often in SI of allergic origin) or of various drugs (mainly on non-immunologic form). The absence of vascular collapse differentiates SI from shock. Differential diagnosis is more difficult in border cases with a slight diminution of blood pressure. SI can be diagnosed especially in several circumstances: when the first adverse drug reaction is dramatic; when the first allergic-type reaction to a drug occurs; when the repetition of drug reactions is amplified in intensity or frequency; when it occurs in persons with risk factors. The differential diagnosis of SI is made with a crude or minimum shock and with pre-shock condition. The advantages of SI diagnosis are the institution of efficient treatment with rapid recoverability and the prevention of subsequent shock to the respective drug.
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PMID:Imminent shock; a useful diagnosis in drug pathology. 1 47

Typical cases of pollen allergen (hayfever, allergic asthma), together with isolated non-respiratory "equivalent" manifestations (urticaria, eye conditions, headache, etc.), are easy to detect on the basis of skin tests and the clinical history. Such manifestations may also occur in "false pollen allergy", related in most instances by atmospheric moulds (Dematiaceae), sometimes by house dust or dermatophytes (Candida Albicans, Trichophyton sp), by food or by a bacterial infection or allergy. A combination of pollen allergy and false pollen allergy is common. In cases of false pollen allergy the proportion of negative skin reactions would appear to worsen with the repeated use of prolonged action corticosteroid injections, given on a preventive basis. Similarly, these disorders, initially seasonal, change to more chronic manifestations throughout the year. Desensitization with aqueous extracts of allergens ensured the most complete protection against the causes of pollen allergy and false pollen allergy. Allergen extracts percipitated with alun (semi-retard extracts), more effective than tyrosine adsorbates (Pollinex) have the advantage of offering more rapid treatment without the risk of dangerous reactions. The best therapeutic results have obtained over the course of the last ten years, by the authors, combining on each occasion a semi-retard allergen with an aqueous allergen, thereby acquiring the benefit of the adjuvant effect of the first, in a course of ten to fifteen injections per year. Non specific therapy (antihistamines, cromoglycate, theophylline, etc.) retains all of its symptomatic indications. Oral corticosteroid therapy is better metabolized in the organism and has less of a disturbing effect on the circadian rhythm of cortisol, and is hence to be preferred to injections of delyaed action corticosteroid suspensions.
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PMID:[Management in pollinosis and false pollinosis]. 3 22

During metabolism studies of radiolabeled proteins in 126 participants four patients were suspected of being sensitive to potassium iodide (Kl) because they repeatedly developed urticaria and other symptoms after Kl administration. Two of the four patients suspected of Kl sensitivity and 10 control patients were orally challenged with Kl to document and characterize Kl sensitivity and to evaluate the possible association(s) of Kl sensitivity with urticaria, hypocomplementemia, and vasculitis. The Kl challenges in the two sensitive patients precipitated urticaria, angioedema, polymyalgias, conjunctivitis, and coryza. One of these two patients also developed a severe systemic illness characterized by fever, headache, peritonitis, episcleritis, and pneumonitis. The four sensitive patients were strikingly similar in that they exhibited hypocomplementemia and dermal vasculitis associated with chronic urticaria or systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting that other patients with similar clinical features may be sensitive to Kl and that Kl may precipitate severe systemic illness in them.
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PMID:Potassium iodide sensitivity in four patients with hypocomplementemic vasculitis. 51 84

In this review I have described the pathophysiology of allergic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Situations where the intestine cannot be a complete barrier to foreign allergens and antigens were discussed and etiological factors of gastrointestinal allergy were detailed. Clinical features of gastrointestinal allergy include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and colic, intestinal hemorrhage and malabsorption as well as symptoms and signs outside the gastrointestinal tract such as chronic rhinitis and asthma in the respiratory system, urticaria, angioedema and eczema as dermatological signs, headache, insomnia, hyperkinesis as central nervous system manifestations, failure to thrive and anaphylaxis as constitutional reactions. Milk allergy was discussed as an example of food allergy. Immunology of the gastrointestinal tract was presented, with examples of four types of hypersensitivity reactions, and gastrointestinal disturbances of immunodeficiency disorders and syndromes were named. Lastly, the autoimmune mechanism and the gut were described, with particular discussion of ulcerative colitis as an example of an autoimmune disease.
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PMID:The intestine in allergic diseases. 78 84

Quinine was compared with a 9-phenanthrene methanol (WR33063) and a 4-quinoline methanol (WR30090) for the treatment of 207 patients with falciparum malaria in Southeast Thailand. Quinine eradicated parasitaemia (average 70 hours) more rapidly than either WR30090 (72 hours) or WR33063 (77 hours). But WR33063 had a higher cure rate (92%) than WR30090 (86%) or quinine (85%). The mean duration of fever and of parasitaemia were combined with the failure rate to form an arbitrary efficacy index. Using this concept WR33063 was the most effective drug. The recrudescence rate correlated with the degree and duration of parasitaemia and with the duration of fever. WR33063 was the least toxic drug. Side effects associated with WR30090 appeared to be headache, backache and urticaria. Quinine was the most toxic drug. All 3 drugs were inconvenient in having to be administered every 8 hours for 6 days. One patient did not respond to oral quinine but did respond to an intravenous quinine infusion (IVQ). A "Medication Ward Round" was perfected during the study and comprised sequential history, drug administration, physical examination, dose notation and patient observation. Falciparum nephrosis was diagnosed in one patient.
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PMID:Comparison of a 9-phenanthrene methanol (WR33063), a 4-quinoline methanol (WR30090), and quinine for falciparum malaria in Thailand. 110 64

Portuguese man-of-war and jellyfish stings are common occurrence in the coastal waters of the southern United States. Signs and symptoms of Portuguese man-of-war envenomation usually appear immediately following a sting but may be delayed for several hours. Reactions are commonly localized and comprise pain, paresthesia, and intense burning with a linear, red, papular eruption or urticaria at the contact site. Systemic signs may include nausea, myalgia, headache, chills, or pallor. Cardiovascular collapse and death have been reported. Venom can be inactivated with dilute acetic acid (vinegar), proteolytic meat tenderizer, or baking soda. Tentacle debris should be removed. Resolution of symptoms usually occurs within 72 hours, without sequelae.
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PMID:Portuguese man-of-war envenomation. 135 Dec 83

Sulfasalazine is an important therapeutic agent in the management of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD). Unfortunately, adverse reactions to this drug have been reported in 5-55% of treated patients. These include dose-related side effects like nausea, malaise, and headache or hypersensitivity reactions such as rash, fever, hives, arthralgia, hepatitis, etc. Studies in adults with successful reintroduction of sulfasalazine after a desensitization program have been reported; however, with regard to children, no such data are available. Fourteen children and adolescents (5-16 yr old) diagnosed to have CIBD manifested hypersensitivity to sulfasalazine within 2 months of onset of treatment. All had pancolitis--secondary to Crohn's disease (CD) in four and to ulcerative colitis (UC) in 10. All of them were on steroids. Sulfasalazine was discontinued in all after symptoms of hypersensitivity developed. Three patients with severe reaction were diagnosed prior to desensitization experience. Desensitization, beginning with 5-50 mg of sulfasalazine/day, was attempted in the other 11 children. The dose was gradually increased by 5-50 mg increments every 3 days. Desensitization was successful in only five children, who were ultimately able to tolerate 1.5-3.0 g of sulfasalazine daily again. In the rest (six of 11 patients), oral 5-ASA (Asacol) was administered, and three could not tolerate it. One of these three with intolerance to Asacol required colectomy. One did not tolerate Asacol or Dipentum. Our findings suggest that sulfasalazine desensitization should be attempted in all patients developing hypersensitivity reactions before trying alternative therapy.
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PMID:Sulfasalazine desensitization in children and adolescents with chronic inflammatory bowel disease. 809 41

Jurors on criminal trials carry a considerable burden of responsibility. They determine the defendant's fate. Additionally, during trials they can be exposed to stressful, frightening, and sordid aspects of life. The stressfulness varies depending upon the nature of the trial, its length, the nature of the testimony and evidence, the jurors' interpersonal relationships, the difficulty establishing guilt or innocence, the public's attitude, etc. These experiences can create psychological and/or physical discomfort that can be transient and mildly or moderately intense, or more serious and constitute illness. The authors have studied juries of four criminal trials--two murder cases, one child abuse case, and one obscenity case. Forty jurors were interviewed. Twenty-seven had one or more discomforting physical and/or physiological symptoms. These involved gastrointestinal distress (10 jurors); generalized nervousness (4 jurors); heart palpitation (6 jurors); headaches (4 jurors); sexual inhibitions (4 jurors); depression (4 jurors); anorexia (4 jurors); faintness (2 jurors); and numbness, lump in throat, chest pain, hives, and flu (1 juror each). Seven of the jurors became clearly ill. Illnesses included: peptic ulcer reactivation and hives, phobic reaction, anxiety state and increased alcohol use, hypertensive episode and visual scotomata, sexual inhibition, chills, fever, and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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PMID:The occupational hazards of jury duty. 142 62

To define the maximum tolerated dose and to study whether recombinant human interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) reduced chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, 20 chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced ovarian cancer eligible for treatment with 6 cycles of carboplatin-cyclophosphamide every 4 weeks (day 1) were entered in a phase I/II open, single-center trial. Cohorts of five patients received during 7 days 1, 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/kg/d rhIL-3 (days 5 through 11) in cycles 1, 3, and 5 by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion or once daily subcutaneous (SC) administration. In control cycles 2, 4, and 6, no rhIL-3 was administered. rhIL-3 significantly increased the recovery of leukocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, especially at 5, 10, and 15 micrograms/kg rhIL-3. rhIL-3 also increased basophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts at this dose steps. Effects on reticulocytes were limited. No difference in efficacy between SC and IV rhIL-3 treatment was found. Chemotherapy postponement for insufficient bone marrow recovery was necessary in 22 of 45 control cycles versus 2 of 49 rhIL-3 cycles (P less than .001). Platelet transfusions were required in 7 of 45 control cycles versus 3 of 50 rhIL-3 cycles (P less than .5). rhIL-3 up to 10 micrograms/kg/d could be administered without severe side effects. At 15 micrograms/kg/d, rhIL-3 headache was dose-limiting. Other side effects were fever, flu-like symptoms, nausea, skin rash, flushing, facial erythema, and urticaria. Liver toxicity occurred in rhIL-3 and control cycles. rhIL-3 slightly increased tumor necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A plasma levels, whereas no effect on IL-6 plasma levels was observed. rhIL-3 administered SC appears to be an interesting hematopoietic growth factor for reduction of chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity.
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PMID:Effects of interleukin-3 after chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer. 151 36

The most important symptoms caused by food additives are urticaria and angioedema, but rhinitis, asthma and gastrointestinal disturbances are also reported. Only seldom food additives have been shown to induce symptoms in other organs such central nervous system or joints and with a sparse objective evidence. In this study, we report two cases of unusual reactions to food additives (tartrazine and benzoates) involving mainly the central nervous system (headache, migraine, overactivity, concentration and learning difficulties, depression) and joints (arthralgias), confirmed with diet and double blind challenge. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms are also discussed.
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PMID:[Unusual reactions to food additives]. 157 15


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