Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cetirizine, an H1 antihistamine, has properties in addition to H1 blockade that may be useful in the treatment of seasonal rhinitis and urticaria. For example, cetirizine has been shown to block the influx of eosinophils into the site of antigen-stimulated skin blisters. Studies with other antihistamines suggest that this is not a universal property of this type of drug. Pretreatment with cetirizine also has been found to block the augmented sensitivity to methacholine that occurs 24 hours after antigen provocation of the nasal mucosa. This reduction takes place despite the absence of an effect on eosinophil influx into this area, and suggests another action of cetirizine. Our study of allergic rhinitis patients examined the effect of cetirizine on early response to nasal challenge with antigen. Cetirizine, although it did not block the release into nasal secretions of histamine, significantly reduced sneezing and decreased levels of albumin and TAME-esterase activity, which are indicators of vascular permeability. Cetirizine also blocked the generation of leukotriene C4. In vitro studies have shown that cetirizine does not block the release of leukotriene from anti-IgE stimulated mast cells, raising the possibility that cells in the nasal mucosa in addition to mast cells generate leukotrienes.
 ...
PMID:Additional properties of cetirizine, a new H1 antagonist. 168 95

Ethylene oxide (ETO) is widely employed in sterilization of hemodialysis materials. Many studies have shown that ETO may act as an antigenic compound when bound to human albumin, therefore eliciting allergic reactions during hemodialysis. In the present study, we investigated in 93 patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis the prevalence of sensitization to ETO. All the patients were investigated for the presence of allergic or pseudo allergic reactions during the treatment. Specific IgE to ETO were found in sera of 3 patients: 1 suffered from urticaria and 1 from glottic edema and hypotension during the dialysis. The third one had non symptoms. The employ of a gamma-rays sterilized filter determined the disappearance of clinical manifestations in the two symptomatic patients, therefore suggesting a pathogenetic role of the specific IgE to ETO in determining the clinical manifestations.
 ...
PMID:[IgE-mediated allergy to ethylene oxide in hemodialyzed patients]. 195 38

A total of 158 patients with pollinosis, bronchial asthma, urticaria and Quincke's edema were examined. The immunoglobulin and C3 levels in sera and the immunoglobulin and albumin levels in saliva were determined by the method of single radial immunodiffusion with the corresponding monospecific antisera. In all the groups of patients subjected to examination the presence of polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia was detected, which was manifested by a rise in the levels of IgG, IgA and especially IgM; the level of IgD was low. A decrease in the level of C3 was detected in pollinosis patients in the absence of the exacerbation of the disease. No circulating immune complexes were detected. An essential increase in the level of IgG in saliva was revealed, which was due to the local synthesis of this immunoglobulin. In winter the level of salivary IgA in pollinosis patients was found to be essentially below normal, but at the period of exacerbation it increased twofold, probably in response to local stimulation with antigen-allergen. Patients with bronchial asthma and pollinosis were found to have a high level of free secretory component (SC); in pollinosis the level of free SC sharply increased during the stage of exacerbation, which was due to the increase of its synthesis and secretion by the epithelial cells of the mucous membranes. The importance of these data for the pathogenesis of allergic diseases are discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Serum and secretory immunoglobulins in allergic diseases]. 405 Feb 21

According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, untoward reactions to capillary hemodialyzers occur at a rate of 3.5 of every 100,000 dialyzers sold. Allergic symptoms immediately after initiation of dialysis consist of burning retrosternal pain, sensation of diffuse heat, cold perspiration, periorbital and facial edema, flushing, laryngeal stridor, bronchial hypersecretion, hypotension, bradycardia, and loss of consciousness. In 1982 Popli et al. reported four patients suffering from such allergic manifestations; three were successfully managed after being taken off dialysis. These investigators thought that inadequate rinsing of cuprammonium cellulose capillary dialyzers was responsible for the reactions, and recommended rinsing the blood compartment with 2 liters of normal saline, and the dialysate compartment with 10 liters of dialysate, both in a single-pass fashion over 20 minutes. Nichols and Platts (1982) (3) reported 15 patients with urticaria, severe bronchospasm, and shock occurring immediately after the blood had been returned from the dialyzer. These authors suggested that the sterilizing agent, ethylene oxide (ETO), was responsible. Poothullil et al. (1975) (4) described a patient with pruritus, severe dyspnea, and hypotension during dialysis. On the basis of a positive skin prick test (dermal reaction to ETO-exposed human albumin) and of antigen-induced histamine release from peripheral leucocytes, these workers suggested that ETO was responsible for the allergic reactions. Marshall et al. (1984) (5) reported that 8.9% of hemodialysis patients had positive skin tests to ETO and that 12.1% were ETO-radioallergosorbent test (RAST) positive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Three cases of hemodialysis-associated hypersensitivity reactions. 405 93

Use of modified fluid gelatins as a plasma expander is of interest in human clinical medicine due to osmotic pressure similarities with plasma proteins. However, adverse reactions such as urticaria, edema, and/or anaphylactic shock occur and can lead to diagnostic problems. In addition, mechanisms of these reactions are poorly understood. We report three cases of anaphylactic shock studied by skin tests and, for the first time, in vitro leukocyte histamine release (LHR). Intradermal skin tests were significantly positive for concentrations of 1:1000 to 1:10 of the commercial preparation used before the reaction in each patient. Thirty control subjects were negative even for the undiluted preparation. Positive LHR was obtained from patients' leukocytes washed and then incubated in Tris-albumin Ca++ Mg++ buffer with serial dilutions of fluid gelatins; controls were negative. Addition of D2O (50%) caused significant increase of LHR in patients but had no effect on controls. In conclusion, skin tests and LHR might be valuable in diagnosis of patients reactive to gelatins. Furthermore, these findings suggest release of mediators from mast cells or basophils, but discrimination between immunologic and idiosyncratic pharmacologic mechanism was not obtained.
 ...
PMID:Anaphylactic reactions to modified fluid gelatins. 618 75

6 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) underwent 26 plasma exchanges (PE) using fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) as replacement solution. After each procedure, complement C3 conversion products (C3c) were detected in the plasma of all the patients. 3 patients had one or more attacks of urticaria during or immediately after the procedure. Using 5% albumin-saline solution as plasma replacement solution, complement activation and urticarial reactions were not seen. It is concluded that infusion of FFP to patients with MG should be avoided as it may induce complement activation and allergic reactions.
 ...
PMID:Plasma exchange in myasthenia gravis complicated with complement activation and urticarial reactions using fresh-frozen plasma as replacement solution. 670 39

A high incidence of anaphylactic reactions has been observed in patients undergoing therapeutic plasma exchange. In three of 22 patients who underwent multiple exchanges, urticaria, bronchospasm, and hypotension developed during a course of plasma exchange that responded to treatment with steroids, antihistamines, and epinephrine. Fatal pulmonary microvascular occlusion with platelets and granulocytes developed in an additional patient eight hours following an apheresis procedure involving albumin replacement. The mechanism for the latter complication is not known but did not appear to invoke complement activation. This unexpectedly high risk of potentially fatal complications must be considered when a course of therapeutic apheresis, particularly involving treatment of a chronic disease, is planned.
 ...
PMID:Complications of therapeutic apheresis, including a fatal case with pulmonary vascular occlusion. 685 81

A total of 22 asymptomatic patients with a documented history of allergic rhinitis participated in this single-centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial undertaken to assess the efficacy and tolerability of levocabastine nasal spray (0.5 mg/ml) in the prevention of allergen-induced nasal symptoms. Objective assessment of nasal symptoms revealed that the severity of sneezing was significantly lower following treatment with levocabastine (p < 0.001), with rhinorrhoea also tending to be less severe in the levocabastine-treated group (0.05 < p < 0.1). Rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry failed to reveal any significant intergroup differences, and there were no differences in nasal albumin concentrations between the two treatment groups. Patients' VAS ratings revealed significant differences in favour of levocabastine for sneezing (p < 0.001) and itching (p < 0.05), with the severity of rhinorrhoea also tending to be lower during treatment with this topical antihistamine (0.05 < p < 0.1). The mean total symptom score was also significantly lower in levocabastine-treated patients (p < 0.05). Levocabastine was well tolerated. Only two adverse events were reported: fatigue in one patient, and vesicular rash with facial oedema and urticaria in another. In conclusion, intranasal levocabastine provided effective protection from nasal allergen challenge and would appear to be a valuable therapeutic approach in patients with allergic rhinitis.
 ...
PMID:Intranasal levocabastine provides fast and effective protection from nasal allergen challenge. 893 80

Two women aged 29 and 27 years, with complaints ranging from itching and swelling during or after cohabitation to anaphylactic symptoms comprising generalized urticaria, angioedema and dyspnoea, were found to be allergic to human semen. The total amount of serum IgE had increased in both, and the amount of semen albumin-specific IgE in one of them; both showed a positive reaction to an intracutaneous test with seminal plasma. The women were given a course of hyposensitization treatment, after which the problems disappeared.
 ...
PMID:[Allergy to human semen]. 919 72

Nonhemolytic transfusion reactions, especially urticaria and anaphylactoid reaction, are believed to be due to plasma protein antigen in the blood products. We have investigated the frequency of transfusion reactions in 59 administrated patients who were interviewed after transfusion. 79(21.5%) of 367 transfusions were associated with transfusion reactions. Transfusion reactions were urticaria (41%), itching (34%) and fever (17%), and no hemolytic transfusion reaction, transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease or anaphylactoid reaction was observed. We investigated the relationship between the nonhemolytic transfusion reactions and anti-C2,-C4, -albumin and -fibrinogen antibodies. The significant relationship between anti-C2 and -C4 antibodies, but not anti-albumin and -fibrinogen antibodies, were observed with transfusion reactions, especially with urticaria and itching.
 ...
PMID:[Transfusion reactions due to plasma protein antigens]. 930 Dec 96


1 2 Next >>