Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This article describes the terms used for the various syndromes and diseases associated with reactions to foods; it outlines the principal types of food intolerance encountered in children, with particular emphasis on those caused by immune-mediated reactions of immediate hypersensitivity. Terms defined include food intolerance or food sensitivity; food allergy or food hypersensitivity; psychologically based food reactions (food aversions); and psychosocial and neurologic dysfunction. The spectrum of food sensitivity is considerable, and diagnosis is generally based on the monitoring of effects of exclusion diets and provocation tests, after appropriate objective measures are first selected. In children, manifestations of IgE-mediated food allergy (often in association with other immune mechanisms) include self-limiting and immediate reactions (e.g., urticaria, wheeze) and chronic diseases (food-sensitive enteropathies, eczema). Controversial and unresolved issues exist with some other conditions, including eosinophilic gastroenteritis, occult gastrointestinal bleeding, protein-losing enteropathy, and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. New methods for clinical investigation of gastrointestinal tract function and intestinal immune reactions are required to assess the relevance of foods in these conditions.
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PMID:Definitions and diagnosis of food intolerance and food allergy: consensus and controversy. 144 36

Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a relatively uncommon disease of unknown etiology. Eosinophilic ascites resulting from significant serosal involvement is the rarest clinical subtype. The case reported here is of a 30-year-old male presenting with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and ascites. His personal history included childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis, and recurrent urticaria. The clinical picture was characterized by peripheral eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltrates of the stomach and small bowel. Computed tomogram (CT) of the abdomen showed generalized thickening of the gastric and small bowel wall. Paracentesis revealed exudative ascites rich in eosinophils. The patient experienced an impressive response to steroid therapy.
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PMID:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with eosinophilic ascites: report of a case. 198 80

Two patients suffering from eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) were treated with sodium cromoglycate (SCG). Before treatment they showed enteric and cutaneous symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and recurrent urticaria and angioedema. The histological findings were a notable amount of eosinophilic infiltration in the lamina propria and gastric glands, a villous shortening and thickening and weak eosinophilic inflammation in the duodenum. The patients were treated with 300 mg SCG, 4 times daily, for 4/5 months. During treatment, the clinical symptoms disappeared and at the end of treatment a reduced inflammation with an almost complete decrease of eosinophilic infiltration was observed. The results provide evidence of SCG efficacy in the treatment of EG and suggest its employment as an alternative to the steroids commonly used in EG.
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PMID:Sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. 210 47

A 49-year-old patient presented with urticaria, vomiting, diarrhea and peripheral eosinophilia. A histological diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was made. Within 3 weeks of admission a highly papillary adenocarcinoma of the right ovary was diagnosed. The gastrointestinal symptoms and the eosinophilia disappeared after partial resection of the tumor and chemotherapy. A possible relationship between cancer, eosinophilia and eosinophilic gastroenteritis is discussed.
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PMID:Malignant tumor masquerading as eosinophilic gastroenteritis. 362 86

Adverse reactions to food may be toxic or non toxic, depending on the susceptibility to a certain food; non toxic reactions that involve immune mechanisms are termed allergy if they are IgE-mediated. If no immunological mechanism is responsible, it is termed intolerance. The following disorders are considered a consequence of food allergy: gastrointestinal reactions (oral allergy syndrome, vomiting, diarrhea, protein-induced enterocolitic syndrome, eosinophilic gastroenteritis); respiratory reactions (rhinitis, asthma, laryngeal edema); cutaneous reactions (urticaria-angioedema, atopic dermatitis); anaphylaxis. There is much recent evidence to consider celiac disease an immunological disorder. Food allergy diagnosis is based on history, SPT, specific IgE, food challenges. DBPCFC is fundamental for diagnosing true food allergy; patients who have had anaphylaxis to food must not undergo DBPCFC. Rapidly progressive respiratory reactions and anaphylactic shock are life-threatening reactions that can be caused by food allergy. The doses of food inducing anaphylaxis can be very low, therefore commercial cross-contamination with an unsuspected food during food processing can be risky for the food allergic patient. The prevention of severe anaphylactic food reactions may lie in interdisciplinary collaboration among allergologists, chemists, food technologists, and experts in food industry research.
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PMID:Introducing chemists to food allergy. 1129 97

Foods that account for 90% of allergic reactions in children are cow's milk protein, eggs, peanut, soy, tree nuts, fish, and wheat. Food allergy can manifest as urticaria/angioedema, anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, respiratory symptoms, or a gastrointestinal (GI) disorder. GI allergic manifestations can be classified as immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated (immediate GI hypersensitivity and oral allergy syndrome); "mixed" GI allergy syndromes (involving some IgE components and some non-IgE or T-cell-mediated components) include eosinophilic esophagitis and eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Non-IgE-mediated or T-cell-mediated allergic GI disorders include dietary protein enteropathy, protein-induced enterocolitis, and proctitis. All these conditions share a common denominator: the response of the immune system to a specific protein leading to pathologic inflammatory changes in the GI tract. This immunological response can elicit symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, dysphagia, constipation, or GI blood loss, symptoms consistent with a GI disorder. The detection of food allergies can be accomplished by the use of radioallergosorbent (RAST) testing and skin prick tests in helping to assess the IgE-mediated disorders. Patch tests may help evaluate delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Treatment of GI allergic disorders ranges from strict dietary elimination of offending food(s), use of protein hydrolysates, and use of L-amino acid-based formula when protein hydrolysates fail. Treatment with topical (for eosinophilic esophagitis) or systemic steroids is used if all dietary measures are unsuccessful. Maternal breast feeding or the use from birth of hydrolysate formulas (extensive or partial hydrolysates) may be efficacious in the prevention of atopic disease in "high-risk" families (with at least 1 parent or sibling with a history of atopic disease).
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PMID:Gastrointestinal manifestations of food allergies in pediatric patients. 1620 93

The immunological basis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is an interesting contrast between the enigma of urticaria and the increasing usage of molecular technology in clinical allergy. Little is known about the natural history of EGE. It has been known to spontaneously remit, but the typical course, especially in adults, is one of chronic and intermittent disease. Given the often chronic nature of this disease, it is important to use relatively benign treatments initially and limit the use of systemic corticosteroids. Also, given the fact that eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract may also be a manifestation of other potentially dangerous disease processes, such as malignancy or hypereosinophilic syndrome, which may be initially diagnosed as EGE, routine surveillance of the cardiopulmonary and gastrointestinal systems is important. We present a patient who demonstrates the variability of presentation and treatment response in this multifaceted disease. The fact that he has apparently entered remission also makes his an uncommon presentation of EGE.
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PMID:Eosinophilic gastroenteritis and citrus-induced urticaria. 1646 97

Although the etiology of eosinophilic cholecystitis is still obscure, the postulated causes include allergies, parasites, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and eosinophilic gastroenteritis. It is sometimes accompanied by several complications, but a simultaneous onset with pericarditis is very rare. A 28-year-old woman complained of acute right hypocondrial pain and dyspnea associated with systemic eruption. Several imaging modalities revealed acute cholecystitis and pericarditis with massive pericardial effusion. A marked peripheral blood eosinophilia was observed, and the eruption was diagnosed as urticaria. Her serum had a high titer of antibody against Ascaris lumbricoides. Treatment with albendazole drastically improved all clinical manifestations along with normalization of the imaging features and eosinophilia. We report herein a rare case of simultaneous onset of acute cholecystitis and pericarditis associated with a marked eosinophilia caused by parasitic infection.
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PMID:Eosinophilic cholecystitis along with pericarditis caused by Ascaris lumbricoides: a case report. 1846 67

Case 1: 67-years-old woman with pollinosis noticed oppressive feeling of chest and back, and heart burn after accidental ingestion of her dental filling and dental treatment. Oral famotidine did not improve her symptom. Her peripheral blood eosinophils increased to 38.0%. As for the specific IgE, only cedar and cypress were positive. Case 2: a 42-years-old-woman with pollinosis and asthma repeated urticaria, heart burn, diarrhea and peripheral eosinophilia (25%). At her first visit to our department, her blood eosinophil increased to 52.9%, her serum IgG markedly increased in polyclonal pattern and overt all subclasses. The specific IgE was positive only for cypress. Because they revealed a remarkable infiltrates of eosinophils in the mucosa of alimentary tract, we diagnosed the 2 patient as eosinophilic gastroenteritis. In case 1, based on the history and patch-test-positive finding of formalin and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, we diagnosed the two may be causative allergens. In case 2, based on the patch-test-positive finding of garlic and sesame and improvement after removal of the two allergens, we diagnosed the two may be causative allergens. Although causative allergens of eosinophilic gastroenteritis are almost unknown, some cases are reported to be determined the allergens of foods and drugs. In our cases, patch test was useful to identify the allergens.
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PMID:[Two cases of eosinophilic gastroenteritis whose causative allergens are usefully diagnosed by patch test]. 2050 3

Eosinophilic ascites is a rare feature of eosinophilic gastroenteritis. We would like to highlight this increasingly recognised diagnosis in a case of unexplained ascites. We present a challenging case of a woman aged 25 years who presented with nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, generalised abdominal pain and swelling 8-week following delivery of her first baby. Her symptoms were primarily aggravated by eating, and she had also noticed postprandial itching and self-limiting generalised rash. She had a strong history of atopy. Physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness and distension with shifting dullness. Urticarial skin rash was noted on the face, neck, chest and abdomen. Routine biochemistry was normal apart from peripheral eosinophilia. Imaging confirmed moderate ascites. Diagnostic paracentesis showed exudative ascites with numerous eosinophils. Histology of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract showed infiltration of the oesophageogastroduodenal and rectosigmoid mucosa with eosinophils. The patient significantly improved following a course of steroids and six-food elimination diet.
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PMID:Eosinophilic ascites: a diagnostic challenge. 2760 59


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