Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chlorhexidine is a widely used antiseptic and disinfectant. Compared to its ubiquitous use in medical and non-medical environments, the sensitization rate seems to be low. Multivarious hypersensitivity reactions to the agent have been reported, including delayed hypersensitivity reactions such as contact dermatitis, fixed drug eruptions and photosensitivity reactions. An increasing number of immediate-type allergies such as contact urticaria, occupational asthma and anaphylactic shock have been reported. In the case report, we describe anaphylaxis due to topical skin application of chlorhexidine, confirmed by skin testing and sulfidoleukotriene stimulation test (CAST(R): cellular antigen stimulation test). The potential risk of anaphylactic reactions due to the application of chlorhexidine is well known, especially that application to mucous membranes can cause anaphylactic reactions and was therefore discouraged. The use of chlorhexidine at a 0.05% concentration on wounds and intact skin was so far thought to be safe. Besides our patient, only one other case of severe anaphylactic reaction due to application of chlorhexidine on skin has been reported. Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine is rare, but its potential to cause anaphylactic shock is probably underestimated. This review should remind all clinicians of an important potential risk of this widely used antiseptic.
 ...
PMID:Chlorhexidine anaphylaxis: case report and review of the literature. 1515 22

We report a 40 years old woman with chronic urticaria and acute transverse myelitis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. The urticaria appeared in her adolescence and after 26 years was followed by photosensitivity, peripheral polyarthritis and acute transverse myelitis, with positive antiphospholipid and antinuclear antibodies. Both chronic urticaria and acute transverse myelitis have been described associated with or appearing as the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Transverse myelitis is a rare and still poorly understood condition reported in about 2% of patients with systemic lupus.
 ...
PMID:Transverse myelitis and chronic urticaria in systemic lupus erythematosus. Case report. 1582 31

Adverse reactions to drugs are a frequent cause of morbidity and medical consultation; it is no surprise that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) run second, after antibiotics, mainly of the beta-lactam group (penicillins and cephalosporins). Numerous clinical pictures involving the skin--various morbilliform rashes, urticaria and angioedema as the most common--due to hypersensitivity to a particular NSAID (i.e., ibuprofen) have been described; other clinically defined skin diseases such as vasculitis, Steven-Johnson's syndrome, photosensitivity, fixed drug eruptions, livedo-like dermatitis, linear drug eruption, lichenoid drug eruption, exanthematous pustulosis, eczematous eruption, contact dermatitis and pemphigoid have received the attention of physicians. Extensive use around the world makes it interesting to investigate adverse cutaneous reactions to ibuprofen and other members of the propionic acid derivative group, to ascertain their prevalence, clinical presentation and prevention. This paper presents a review of published literature concerning cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions to ibuprofen and related arylpropionic acids.
 ...
PMID:Risk of skin reactions when using ibuprofen-based medicines. 1611 47

Solar urticaria is a well defined although uncommon photosensitivity disorder, and is said to be the underlying cause of chronic urticaria in approximately 0.5% cases. In contrast, solar angioedema is seldom reported. We describe two patients with postulated solar angioedema, associated with clinical and/or phototest features of solar urticaria. Recognition of solar provocation of angioedema has important consequences for patient management.
 ...
PMID:Solar angioedema: an uncommonly recognized condition? 1614 33

The study was performed in five hospitals in Bangkok for a period of one year. All in- and outpatients who developed drug eruption from January to December 2001 were enrolled into the study. Physical examinations and complete history-taking were performed by one of the authors. A skin biopsy was done to confirm the diagnosis in every suspected case. Oral challenge test was performed to obtain a definite diagnosis only in some patients with informed consent. Among 212 patients, the most common causative drugs were antimicrobial agents with cephalosporin group in the highest rank. Maculopapular rash was the most common type of drug eruption followed by urticaria and photosensitivity reaction. It was concluded that antimicrobial agents were the predominant causative agents and maculopapular eruption was the most frequent clinical manifestation. New kinds of antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory drugs and lipid lowering agents could cause various patterns of drug eruption.
 ...
PMID:Drug eruptions at five institutes in Bangkok. 1647 Nov 14

Major local adverse reactions in the nicotine patches are skin reactions. To assess the skin reaction of PHK-301p, a newly developed nicotine patch, we conducted a phase I study that consisted of 2 parts: a skin irritation test (48-h closed patch test) and a photosensitivity test (24-h closed patch test + Ultraviolet A irradiation). Twenty healthy men were treated with PHK-301p and placebo. Both preparations were punched out to a circle of 6-mm diameter and were applied simultaneously to each participant. Skin irritation and photosensitivity were assessed by a physician who was kept unaware of the treatment. In the skin irritation test, moderate and mild erythemas were observed in each participant 72 h after application (24 h after removal) for PHK-301p. Mild erythema was observed in one participant 49 h after application (1 h after removal) for placebo. The skin irritation index, which was calculated based on the skin reactions of participants, was 7.5 for PHK-301p and 2.5 for placebo. In the photosensitivity test, one participant had mild erythema (+/-) approximately 25 and 72 h after application of PHK-301p. No solar urticaria was observed. From these results, we concluded that PHK-301p is an acceptable product as a nicotine patch.
 ...
PMID:Skin tests of a novel nicotine patch, PHK-301p, in healthy male volunteers: phase I, placebo-controlled study. 1696 Apr 22

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming increasingly popular, and is often used for treating hypersensitivity diseases. Virtually all alternative remedies can cause hypersensitivity reactions, but the most frequently involved ones are tea tree oil, members of the Compositae family, propolis, oils used in aromatherapy, substances responsible for photosensitization, and metal-containing compounds. The main target organ is skin, with manifestations ranging from contact dermatitis (the most common) to urticaria-angioedema, maculopapular eruptions, photosensitivity reactions, and the Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Other types of reactions are possible, including respiratory and anaphylactic ones. Different pathogenic mechanisms have been suggested for CAM product reactions, including immunologic ones. Basophils and mast cells participate in IgE-mediated reactions through the release of mediators like histamine and tryptase, whereas a T-cell-mediated pathogenic mechanism is involved in most delayed reactions, particularly contact dermatitis and maculopapular eruptions. Skin tests and serum specific IgE assays are carried out to diagnose immediate hypersensitivity reactions, while patch tests and lymphocyte transformation tests are usually performed to evaluate delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Thus clinicians should know about the potential of CAM products for causing adverse reactions. Our study is aimed at highlighting the risk of hypersensitive reactions to CAM remedies on the basis of the numerous cases reported in the literature. Because little is known about adverse reactions to CAM products, further systematic studies and an appropriate regulation by heath authorities are necessary.
 ...
PMID:Hypersensitivity reactions to complementary and alternative medicine products. 1701 33

Dermatoses associated with cutaneous photosensitivity are a group of photodistributed skin eruptions caused or exacerbated by light. Multiple clinical variants of photosensitive dermatoses have been characterized including polymorphous light eruption, chronic actinic dermatitis, solar urticaria, phototoxic and photoallergic dermatitis, reticular erythematous mucinosis, acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and dermatomyositis. As there may be significant overlap among the clinical presentation of these conditions, the specific diagnosis of individual photodermatosis relies heavily on characteristic histopathologic features. We present here 5 cases of photodistributed eruptions with virtual absence of histologic epidermal changes and dermal inflammation, yet all were described clinically as being "inflammatory" and erythematous. All cases of this "pauci-inflammatory photodermatitis" presented with photodistributed bright red macular erythema or slightly indurated plaques that developed over a period of weeks to months and clinically resembled photoallergic or phototoxic drug reactions or polymorphous light eruption. Microscopically, however, only very sparse dermal lymphocytic infiltrate was noted with no or minimal epidermal changes. To our knowledge, the observation of clinically evident photodistributed dermatoses that demonstrate such minimal histopathologic findings has not been reported. Clinicians and histologists should be aware of the disparity that may be encountered in this setting, as the clinical features are usually far more impressive than those seen histologically.
 ...
PMID:Photodermatitis with minimal inflammatory infiltrate: clinical inflammatory conditions with discordant histologic findings. 1712 92

Drug eruptions are among the most common adverse drug reactions, affecting approximately 3% of hospitalised patients. Although the rate of severe cutaneous adverse reactions to medications is low, these reactions can affect anyone who takes medication, and can result in death or disability. Two general patterns can be distinguished, depending on the type of onset of these cutaneous adverse drug reactions: acute or chronic. Acute-onset events are usually rather specific cutaneous 'syndromes' that constitute emergencies and should therefore be promptly recognised and treated, while chronic-onset events often present as dermatological diseases. The challenge is therefore to recognise the drug aetiology in front of a 'classical' dermatosis such as acne, lichen or pemphigus. Therefore, clinicians should carefully evaluate the signs or symptoms of all adverse reactions thought to be drug related, and discontinue the offending agent when feasible. Erythematous drug eruptions are the most frequent and less severe acute immune drug-induced rashes, and are sometimes difficult to differentiate from viral eruptions. On the other hand, acute urticaria and angioedema are sometimes life-threatening eruptions for which a drug aetiology must be investigated. Photosensitivity, vasculitis and skin necrosis belong to the acute onset reactions, which are not always drug-induced, in contrast to fixed drug eruptions. The early recognition of acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis, DRESS (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are of high importance because of the specific mechanisms involved and the different prognosis of each of these diseases. Chronic onset drug-induced disorders include pigmentary changes, drug-induced autoimmune bullous diseases, lupus, pseudo lymphoma and acneiform eruptions; these are discussed, along with specific data on drug-induced hair and nail disorders. As the disorders are numerous, the mechanisms and the drugs involved in the development of these various reactions are multiple. The list of drugs discussed in relation to the different disorders are as accurate as possible at the time of preparation of this review, but will need updating as new drugs emerge onto the market. We emphasize the clinical recognition, pathophysiology and treatment of skin, hair and nail adverse drug reactions, and the role of each doctor involved in the management of these patients in the notification of the adverse drug reaction to health authorities, using the minimal requirement for notification proposed.
 ...
PMID:Drug-induced skin, nail and hair disorders. 1797 40

Two hundred patients (112 males and 88 females) with cutaneous drug eruption were studied. The aim was to recognize the offending drug, to evaluate mortality and morbidity, educate the patient and avoid self-administration and readministration of drugs. Fixed drug eruption was the commonest reaction, seen in 61 patients; other reactions being urticaria and angioedema,morbilliform rash in 37, pruritus in 25, Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) in 6, purpura in 6, exfoliative dermatitis in 5,photosensitivity in 5, toxic epidermal necrolysis in 2, acneiform eruption in 3, erythema multiforme in 2. Maximum patients belonged to the age group 41-50, followed by 21-30 and 31-40 years. The youngest was 1 year old and the oldest was 80 years old. Period of development of lesion after intake of drug varied from 1 day to 45 days. Cotrimoxazole was the commonest drug, in 26 cases; followed by Ibuprofen in 20 cases.
 ...
PMID:Clinical study of cutaneous drug eruptions in 200 patients. 1819 4


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>