Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

At present, three classes of compounds are used as systemic photoprotective agents, but only for specific indications, not for general use in healthy individuals. Beta-carotene prevents or lessens photosensitivity in most patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and in some patients with other photosensitivity diseases. The antimalarial drugs can clear up skin lesions in patients with polymorphous light eruption and solar urticaria who cannot obtain relief with topical sunscreens and in some patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. Oral psoralens and controlled exposure to sunlight or artificial sources of UVA radiation can increase tolerance to sunlight in fair-skinned individuals and in certain patients with vitiligo or polymorphous light eruption.
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PMID:Systemic photoprotection. 395 2

Human skin is the most evolved organ of man and is thought to be primarily responsible for his wide habitat. It is also different from animal skin in that large areas are relatively devoid of hair and have abundant eccrine sweat glands and a vast network of thermosensitive responsive blood vessels. Cutaneous manifestations are the most frequently reported adverse reactions of skin to drugs. This review classifies numerous types of currently recognized drug-induced skin lesions and classic allergic and nonallergic responses of skin to drugs. Clinical allergic reactions discussed include: 1) atopic reaction; 2) contact dermatitis; 3) eczema; 4) drug eruptions; 5) erythema; 6) urticaria and angioedema; 7) erythema multiforme; 8) vesiculobullous; 9) erythema nodosum; 10) exfoliation; 11) persistent erythemas; 12) fixed drug eruptions; 13) Lichenoid eruptions; 14) purpura; and 15) photosensitivity.
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PMID:Allergy and drug sensitivity of skin. 423 26

We have found that beta-carotene, when administered in sufficiently high doses, can be an effective therapy for ameliorating the photosensitivity associated with EPP. Other workers have confirmed our findings, using either beta-carotene, canthaxanthin or combinations of these two carotenoids. Carotenoids may be of some use in congenital porphyria, if given in high doses and started when the patient is very young. Carotenoid treatment seems of limited use in polymorphous light eruption, solar urticaria, hydroa aestivale and hydroa vacciniforme: we would recommend their use in these conditions only after the more standard treatments for these diseases have proven ineffective for a given patient. Carotenoid treatment seems to be of no use in porphyria cutanea tarda and actinic reticuloid.
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PMID:Treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria with beta-carotene. 653 27

A 78-year-old man experienced pruritus, burning, and redness within minutes of exposure to sunlight. The immediacy as well as the temporary nature of the response was similar to that seen in solar urticaria, but in sharp contrast to the delayed reactions associated with sunburn and photocontact dermatitis. Photo-patch tests revealed a specific photosensitivity to formaldehyde. Despite its ubiquitous presence and its capacity to produce allergic contact dermatitis, formaldehyde, to my knowledge, has not been previously found to be a photosensitizer.
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PMID:Immediate sunburn-like reaction in a patient with formaldehyde photosensitivity. 705 14

Solar urticaria, an uncommon photosensitivity disorder, may be disabling for affected patients, especially those who react after short exposures to artificial or natural light. The spectrodermograph, a newly developed instrument, permits rapid, accurate determination of the action spectrum of solar urticaria. It consists of a xenon arc lamp with an emission dispersed into used to establish the wavelengths responsible for solar urticaria in 12 patients during the past four years. Knowledge of the wavelengths responsible for producing the urticarial reaction has implications for selecting appropriate therapy. The clinical course of these patients is also reviewed.
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PMID:Solar urticaria. Clinical features and wavelength dependence. 706 79

Instrumentation for studying action spectra in controls and various light-associated diseases is described. This study summarizes tests performed with a prism grating monochromator during the last 10 yr. There were 68 photodermatoses studied: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) (1), lupus erythematosus (LE) (12), polymorphous light eruption (PLE) (23), solar urticaria (4), actinic reticuloid (2), halogenated salicylanilide photosensitivity and persistent light reactors (11), psoralen photosensitivity (6), and porphyria (9). A normal minimal erythema dose in the UVB (below 320 nm) was generally observed in polymorphous light eruption and lupus erythematosus. The most exquisite photosensitivity for delayed erythema was observed in actinic reticuloid, which in one case was 25-35 times more sensitive in the UVB range which was also observed but to a lesser extent in XP and in persistent light reactors. Persistence of erythema and edema at test sites was observed in XP, PLE, LE, and actinic reticuloid. A delay in development of erythema reaching a maximum at 72 hr was observed in XP and psoralen phototoxicity. Maximum photosensitivity occurred in solar urticaria. Three patients had peak sensitivity in the range of 310-313 nm and the 4th at 460 nm. Photosensitivity in the visible range was detected in 2 patients with solar urticaria, one with actinic reticuloid, and confirmed in 9 patients with porphyria (405 nm). Photosensitivity in the UVA (above 320 nm) occurred to some degree in all groups.
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PMID:Instrumentation and action spectra in light-associated diseases. 725 55

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is an inherited photosensitivity disorder producing mild to severe symptoms and attributable to an excessive amount of endogenous protoporphyrin accumulating in body tissues. Following sun exposure, the symptoms are burning pain, edema, erythema, vesicles, and bullare, which at times are hemorrhagic. This condition was first described in 1961. However, some patients previously diagnosed as having solar urticaria, lipoid proteinosis, or hydroa aestivale because of their clinical features ae now known to have EPP. Porphyrins are biochemical intemediates in the synthesis of heme, a moiety that occurs in all living cells and is a basic requirement for aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
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PMID:Erythropoietic protoporphyria. 742 27

Twenty patients with photodermatoses [actinic prurigo (n = 6), hydroa vacciniforme (n = 4), idiopathic solar urticaria (n = 1), amiodarone-induced photosensitivity (n = 1) and a range of cutaneous porphyrias (n = 8)] were treated with a 'hardening' course of narrow-band ultraviolet B (TL-01) phototherapy in springtime. The response to phototherapy was monitored subjectively, by interviewing patients after the summer, and objectively by monochromator phototesting, before and after phototherapy. Fifteen patients reported that treatment was worthwhile. Monochromator phototesting after phototherapy revealed a fourfold increase in the minimal erythema dose in those with abnormal photosensitivity to ultraviolet A wavebands. Adverse effects included erythema (seven patients), pruritus (five) and provocation of the eruption (four). We now routinely consider narrow-band UVB phototherapy for problem photodermatoses.
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PMID:Narrow-band UVB (TL-01) phototherapy: an effective preventative treatment for the photodermatoses. 766 75

Dermatitis accounts for about 30 percent of all illnesses in the workplace. A thorough exposure history is the most important element in accurate diagnosis of skin lesions. In certain cases, skin lesions may be valuable diagnostic clues to the presence of systemic toxicity. Irritant and allergic contact dermatitis, photosensitivity contact dermatitis, and contact urticaria are examples of skin lesions that may be caused by exposure to an environmental agent.
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PMID:Contact dermatitis and urticaria from environmental exposures. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 821 8

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the vermilion border of the lips can precipitate recurrent herpetic infections, varying degrees of dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma. UV light also can aggravate certain systemic conditions, such as lupus erythematosus, and produce solar urticaria, porphyrias, and drug photosensitivity reactions.
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PMID:Actinic cheilitis. 830 14


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