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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A single oral dose of cetirizine, 10 mg, a new H1 antagonist with minimal sedative effects and devoid of anticholinergic activities, was administered to eight healthy subjects. It markedly inhibited the wheal and flare induced 4 hours later by intracutaneously injected histamine and compound 48/80. Dermographism was produced by different pressures (100 to 500 gm/15 mm2) in 10 patients with factitial urticaria. Four hours after 10 mg of cetirizine, the whealing was absent in eight patients and markedly reduced in the other two subjects. In 12 patients with cold urticaria, wheals were induced by 30 seconds to 12 minutes application of an ice cube. Four hours after 10 mg of cetirizine, the urticarial reaction had disappeared in five patients and was decreased in the other patients. No itching was experienced in any of the patients after cetirizine, but the tested areas had an erythema lasting for 20 to 60 minutes.
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PMID:Inhibiting effect of cetirizine on histamine-induced and 48/80-induced wheals and flares, experimental dermographism, and cold-induced urticaria. 295 19

Urticaria is caused by physical factors in almost 12 percent of cases. These factors include pressure. Dermographism is the appearance of whealing and erythema within minutes where skin has been exposed to pressure or mechanical irritation. Symptomatic dermographism is present when "normal" pressures, such as those encountered in the activities of daily living, cause urticaria. Individuals with symptomatic dermographism can be shown to have a lower pressure threshold for the production of dermographism than normal individuals. A case of symptomatic dermographism is presented, and the differential diagnosis is discussed.
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PMID:Symptomatic dermographism. 611 90

Urticaria is one of the more common skin conditions seen by physicians. Physical agents are an important cause of urticaria, with pressure or shearing forces being the most common. Dermographism is due to a combination of pressure and shearing forces and is present in a large number of healthy individuals. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of dermographism and its clinical variants.
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PMID:Dermographism: a review. 638

A case of what we denominate Bullous Delayed Dermographism in a woman who had neither allergic nor urticarial antecedents is registered. We comment the features of the lesions which appeared after a period of 4 to 12 hs. This lesions appeared by friction or percussion. We describe the existence of an endocrine and psychological predisposition mechanism and the non specificity of the histopathological characters. The nonexistence of bibliographical antecedents of the illness is noted. Also its difference with bullous and pressure urticaria. This differentiation is based on clinical features, and the nonexistence of allergic antecedents and urticarial lesions. Also on the existence of friction mechanism different to the simple pressure and the nonexistence of immunoglobulins in the subepidermal blister.
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PMID:[Retarded bullous dermographism]. 676 57

A new hereditary physical urticaria, dermo-distortive urticaria (DDU), is described in a Christian Lebanese family. DDU is characterized by the appearance of pruritic, erythematosus, edematous, cutaneous swelling confined to the stimulated area in response to stimuli that vibrate or stretch the skin in a repetitive manner. The lesions appear within several minutes after stimulation and disappear within an hour. Extensive stimulation causes not only local urticaria but also a systemic response of faintness, headache, and facial erythema. Other than these annoying reactions, no other morbidity is associated with this disorder. While this disorder is certainly uncommon and its manifestations are more annoying than life threatening, it may be an important example of a heritable defect of inflammation control mechanisms. Although the mediator for the urticaria and systemic response was not isolated, a likely candidate is histamine. Computer analysis of the phenotype of 219 relatives in 6 generations shows that DDU is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with high penetrance. DDU is clinically distinct from hereditary angioneurotic edema, pressure urticaria, and dermographia. It is similar to vibratory angioedema (VA), but sufficient evidence to prove that DDU and VA are identical is not available.
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PMID:Dermo-distortive urticaria: an autosomal dominant dermatologic disorder. 729 69

Urticaria and physical angioedema frequency is hard to evaluate in children. In this series, we keep 53/1000. Physical urticaria is found in 36% of the cases and concerns cholinergic urticaria, urticaria to cold, idiopathic dermographism and mastocytosis, and delayed urticaria to pressure. The authors insist on the interest of the etiologic research in these forms of infantile urticaria.
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PMID:[Physical urticaria and angioedema in children]. 826 43

Physical urticaria comprises a series of clinically differentiated conditions in which wheals develop as a result of physical stimuli: mechanical (friction, pressure), cold, heat, increased body temperature, exercise exposure to sunlight, vibration and contact with water. The present study reviews their clinical, diagnostic and treatment characteristics. Although the precise prevalence of physical urticaria is not know, it nevertheless represents the most common form of urticaria of known etiology in children. Symptomatic dermatographism is the most frequent presentation in children; it may be present from birth and persist indefinitely. In order to study the prevalence of dermatographism in our pediatric population, we randomly selected 238 children of both sexes (128 boys and 110 girls) aged 2 to 14 years, in the Paternal Health Care Center (Valencia, Spain). An evaluation was made of skin response 5 minutes after the application of pressure (3,200 g/cm2) along a 5-cm extent of skin on the back, using a dermatographometer. A positive response was considered when a wheal over 2 mm in diameter developed; in this context, the prevalence of dermatographism was 24%, with a significant predominance of females (33%) over males (16%). According to the data obtained from the anamnesis, 41% of the children with dermatographism referred exanthema in response to friction and pressure compatible with symptomatic dermatographism, versus only 5% of those who tested negatively. Lastly, 42% of the children with dermatographism referred intense local reaction (5 cm or more) in response to mosquito bites, versus only 16% of the children who tested negatively for dermatographism. The study of bronchial reactivity to metacholine in 17 children with dermatographism but no bronchial asthma (based on the Chatham method) proved positive in 13 cases (76%). Seven of these 17 children (41%) yielded positive skin tests (3 referred symptoms of rhinitis, with no manifestations of asthma in any case), and the metacholine challenge proved positive in 5 (71%). Ten of the children showed negative skin testing for aeroallergens - with positive metacholine testing in 8 (80%). These results indicate a high prevalence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness in children with dermatographism, suggesting the existence of an association between skin and bronchial hyper-reactivity. Skin tests with aeroallergens were made in 45 of the 58 children with positive dermatographism; 38% were found to be positive for at least one of the allergens studied, a figure that increased to 43% when only considering children over the age of 7 years. This points to a high prevalence of atopy among children with dermatographism. In order to evaluate the prevalence of dermatographism in the atopic population, we studied 100 patients in the 4-14 years age range suffering from respiratory pathology associated with sensitization to aeroallergens. A positive response to pressure (3,200 g/cm2) was observed in 47% of cases, this being significantly higher than the prevalence observed among the general pediatric population.
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PMID:[Round Table: urticaria with a physical cause]. 1035 12

Ten percent of chronic urticarias are physical urticarias. Patients suffering from physical urticaria all have a suggestive history with specific eliciting stimuli (cold, heat, water, sun.) and wheals in the areas where the stimulus acts. The involved pathomechanisms are not well known. An unknown allergen (related to a cold or a heat injury, a polar molecule contained in the stratum corneum and soluble into water, a photoallergen) could induce a mast cell mediator release, followed by an infiltration by eosinophil then neutrophils polymorphonuclears. T-cells are not highly involved. Dermographism, the most frequent can be cured by anti-H1. In diagnosing cholinergic urticaria physical exercise has to be done by the patient (jogging, running, riding), anti-H1 are efficient. In other physical urticarias (delayed-pressure, cold, solar, heat, vibratory urticarias) as to be managed as follows: (1) to perform specific tests with respectively (weights; ice cube; UVA, UVB and visible light exposure; hot water contained in a tube; a vortex mixer); (2) to avoid eliciting stimuli; (3) to treat the associated diseases e.g. in secondary cold urticaria; (4) to try to induce a physical tolerance, a review is enclosed concerning cold, solar, heat and aquagenic urticarias; (5) to associate or not non sedative 2(nd) generation antihistamines. All the other alternative treatments are discussed but none of them has been evaluated.
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PMID:[Physical urticarias]. 1284 5

The different types of physical urticaria are triggered by mechanical and thermal stimuli, as well as electromagnetic waves. Localized forms restricted to the skin and mucous membranes are most common, but generalized urticaria with variable extracutaneous manifestations can also occur. Physical urticaria is usually sporadic but may rarely have a familial form; it is often associated with chronic urticaria. In most instances, the short time interval between the physical stimulus and reaction points to a causal relationship, but in delayed types the exact diagnosis may be missed without provocation tests. The clinical implication of physical urticaria is demonstrated by investigations showing a greater degree of disability in affected patients as compared to other types of urticaria. There is still an incomplete understanding of the crucial pathophysiological aspects; most likely inflammatory reactions involving leukocytes, endothelial cells and nerves stimulated by various mediators play an important role in this form of urticaria.
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PMID:[Physical urticaria]. 1500 88

Physical urticaria includes a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the development of urticarial lesions and/or angioedema after exposure to certain physical stimuli. The authors present the case of a child with severe acquired cold urticaria secondary to infectious mononucleosis. Avoidance of exposure to cold was recommended; prophylactic treatment with ketotifen and cetirizine was begun and a self-administered epinephrine kit was prescribed. The results of ice cube test and symptoms significantly improved. Physical urticaria, which involves complex pathogenesis, clinical course and therapy, may be potentially life threatening. Evaluation and diagnosis are especially important in children. To our knowledge this is the first description of persistent severe cold-induced urticaria associated with infectious mononucleosis in a child.
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PMID:Cold urticaria and infectious mononucleosis in children. 1561 65


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