Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Substance P is a decapeptide which forms part of the group known as neuropeptides, that is, peptides released by some neurones such as the slow-conducting C fibres and the rapid-conducting A-delta fibres. These neurones belong to the category of non-adrenergic non-cholinergic nerves (NANC), which perform their action through a mechanism known as "axonic reflex". This mechanism is an antidromic stimulation which produces a secretion of neuropeptides, especially substance P. It is known that substance P, once released, is able to exert a number of actions including among others inflammatory and bronchospastic activities and a stimulation of the immunologic system. Other effects attributed to this substance are an increase in capillary permeability and oedema and the perpetuation of certain conditions such as asthma, rhinitis and chronic urticaria or hives. The production, metabolism and actions of this neuropeptide are described.
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PMID:[Substance P: immuno-allergic implications]. 138 Jul 67

Except for urticarial vasculitis, histopathological studies on the different types of urticaria are scant in the medical literature. With the purpose of evaluating the histopathological changes that occur in chronic urticarial eruptions, and to correlate the histopathological findings with the clinical presentation of the patients, skin biopsy studies were done in 36 patients with chronic urticaria. Three well-defined histopathological patterns were found: namely neutrophilic, lymphocytic, and mixed type. No cases of vasculitis were found. No specific association to the clinical presentation of the patient was found.
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PMID:Clinicopathological correlation in chronic urticaria. 151 Feb 18

Urticaria and angioedema are skins disorders more frequently in allergy sections of clinics. They are a serious health problem because in 90% of the cases, the causes are not determined and in a similar percentage, the results of treatment are not satisfactory either to the patient or the consulting physician. To find out some characteristics of chronic urticaria in our area, we studied 45 patients who sought consultation at the General Regional and Zone Hospital No. 6 of the IMSS in Ciudad Madero, Tamps., in a given time span. Persons of both sexes and all ages were included. All were given a complete allergy medical history and a complete series of laboratory exams to try to determine the diagnosis. Etiology the treatment was done separating the patients into two groups with four types of antihistaminics considered within the basic medicinal chart of the IMSS. The study shows that the skin rash and angioedema together had a frequency rate of 81.25% with a greater frequency in females (81.25%) between the ages of 20 and 40. The etiology could be determined in only 37.77% of the cases with a high emphasis on parasite. It is notable that in 56.25% of the cases there was an earlier history of some type of respiratory allergy not diagnosed. We observed that there were better results if two antihistamines H1 were combined to provide specific treatment of immunotherapy with good results.
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PMID:[Chronic urticaria. Characteristics, diagnosis and treatment]. 151 10

In order to identify the etiologic factors in childhood chronic urticaria, we studied 226 children, 122 boys and 104 girls, aged 1 to 14 (mean = 8.14) years with chronic urticaria and/or angioedema. The initial evaluation consisted of a thorough history, physical examination, and basic laboratory tests. Specific in vivo and in vitro tests were done according to the findings of the initial evaluation. Urticaria alone was present in 78.4% of the patients, angioedema alone in 6.6%, and both urticaria and angioedema in 15% of the patients. Chronic urticaria was attributed to physical factors in 6.2% of the patients, infections in 4.4%, aeroallergens in 2.2%, foods in 4%, food additives in 2.6%, and drugs in 1.8% of the patients. Overall, causal factors of chronic urticaria were found in 21.2% of the patients.
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PMID:Etiologic factors in childhood chronic urticaria. 162 61

The recent development of selective H1-antagonists that minimally cross the blood-brain barrier has greatly improved the management of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. These new agents have much reduced anticholinergic and sedative side effects, which were the major drawbacks of the classic H1-antihistamines. Cetirizine, a new second-generation H1-antagonist, offers several properties that may further improve the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria. Cetirizine is the only antihistamine known to possess activity against both the histamine-mediated early phase of the allergic response and the late-phase response of immediate hypersensitivity characterized by migration of inflammatory cells to the site of the reaction. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in clinical trials of patients with seasonal rhinitis and urticaria. The most common side effects associated with cetirizine, such as sedation, are similar to those of other second-generation antihistamines. These properties, combined with a once-daily dosage regimen, should help improve patient compliance and optimize antihistamine therapy.
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PMID:Cetirizine: a unique second-generation antihistamine for treatment of rhinitis and chronic urticaria. 167 32

A patient is reported with a history of several years of chronic urticaria, transient fever, arthralgias and secondary systemic amyloidosis. A biopsy of an urticarial lesion showed necrotizing vasculitis and amyloid deposits in the eccrine sweat glands. Amyloid A deposits were also detected in kidney and rectum biopsies. This patient is likely to represent a variant of the Muckle-Wells syndrome (chronic relapsing urticaria, fever, arthralgia, deafness and renal amyloidosis). Hitherto undescribed is the presence of a necrotizing vasculitis as cause of the urticarial rash; further investigation will determine whether or not this finding represents the rule rather than an exception.
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PMID:[Urticarial vasculitis as a symptom of Muckle-Wells syndrome?]. 167 41

Treatment of chronic urticaria presents a challenge to both practitioner and patient. Traditional H1 antagonists with good efficacy but substantial side effects are being supplanted in many cases by nonsedating H1 antagonists such as terfenadine and astemizole. Antidepressant medications and combinations of H1 and H2 antagonists offer improved results for selected patients. Further development and investigation of mast cell stabilizers and inhibitors of urticaria mediators other than histamine hold promise. A better understanding of the underlying pathogenesis remains the greatest hope of formulating rational and effective therapy.
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PMID:Pharmacologic therapy for urticaria. 167 97

The efficacy of cetirizine dihydrochloride, a new H1-antagonist claimed to have minimal sedative property was evaluated in 28 patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria. Cetirizine 10 mg and placebo were compared in a double-blind cross-over trial. Response was measured by patients with daily charts on itch and wheals. Response was also assessed by patients and investigators while on cetirizine and placebo on an analogue scale. The mean analogue score by the investigator while on cetirizine (64.6 mm) was better than while on placebo (47.0 mm) (p = 0.008). Reduction of itch with cetirizine was significantly greater than with placebo. The mean itch scores for placebo and cetirizine were 21.2 and 14.5 respectively (p = 0.01) showing a significant improvement of itch by cetirizine. The mean score for wheal response for placebo and cetirizine were 21.0 and 16.16 respectively (p = 0.07 NS) showing a reduction of wheal from cetirizine was greater than placebo but the difference was not statistically significant. The patients' mean visual analogue score for placebo was 38.4 and for cetirizine was 57.5 (p = 0.006). Cetirizine was significantly better in controlling symptoms of chronic urticaria than placebo. Five of the 28 (17.9%) patients reported mild drowsiness while taking cetirizine. Two patients reported drowsiness while on placebo. Tolerance was reported as good in 85%, moderate in 10% and bad in 5% according to patients' assessment, while tolerance was excellent and good in 80%, moderate in 15% of patients according to investigator's assessment.
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PMID:Cetirizine vs placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria--a double blind randomised cross-over study. 168 78

Circulating histamine-releasing factors have been identified in the serum and plasma of chronic-urticaria patients by in vivo skin testing and in vitro histamine release from heterologous mixed leukocytes. Quantitative mast cell studies of serum skin test biopsies and electron microscopy indicate that the serum factors release histamine by mast cell degranulation. Peripheral blood basophils and total cellular blood histamine are reduced in chronic-urticaria patients suggesting that the circulating serum factors cause sustained degranulation. Histamine-releasing activity has been identified by skin testing in ultrafiltered serum fractions less than 30 kDa and greater than 100 kDa. In vitro histamine-releasing activity was confined to ultrafiltered serum fractions greater than 100 kDa and was present in IgG purified from some chronic-urticaria sera by protein G affinity chromatography. The dose-response relationship and kinetics of histamine release in vitro were similar to those of anti-human IgE. 'Desensitisation' of basophils by prior incubation with anti-IgE in the absence of calcium and competitive inhibition studies with myeloma IgE serum indicated that histamine-releasing autoantibodies in chronic-urticaria sera and purified IgG have the properties of anti-IgE. Plasma exchange in 4 patients with active chronic urticaria refractory to antihistamine therapy showing in vivo and in vitro histamine-releasing activity was followed by temporary remission of disease activity in 2 of them. It is possible that chronic urticaria is an autoimmune disease.
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PMID:Histamine-releasing autoantibodies in chronic urticaria. 172 16

A study of 100 patients with chronic urticaria by Giardia lamblia parasitic infection were reviewed. The urticaria had been resistant to antihistamine, corticosteroid and antiparasitic therapy. An urticaria evaluation included CBC, immunoglobulins M, G, A and E determinations, and stool examination, bile drainage and duodenal smear for ova and parasites. A prick test with Giardia's allergen 1, 10 and 100 UNP dilutions were realized. We found a 93% improvement in clinical symptoms using allergy immunotherapy with Giardia's antigen preparation associated to treatment.
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PMID:[Immunotherapy using Giardia lamblia extract in recurrent chronic sensitized urticaria]. 179 4


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