Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sexually transmitted disease (STD), chancroid, is the greatest factor for HIV infections in Africa like syphilis is in the US. 3 physicians suggest that reducing the incidence of STDs may reduce the spread of HIV. Risk factors for HIV include current or history of STD in women and bisexual men, pelvic inflammatory disease, semen, copper releasing IUDs, contraceptive dermatitis, malnutrition/food allergy, environmental pollutants, genetic make up, and prostitutes. HIV infected persons should use condoms to not only protect partners but to prevent repeated contact with HIV which influences the clinical outcome. Condom use for contraception is not widely practiced in some areas, however, including Central Africa and Haiti. Condom use has increased in the US because IUDs have been removed from the market, fear of HIV infection, and discontinued use of oral contraceptives in older women. Urticarial reactions secondary to a copper IUD often occur in adolescent women, but clears when the IUD is removed. Traces of nickel in the copper wire used in IUDs often induce an allergic reaction. Allergic reactions are cofactors of HIV which can be made worse if coupled with excessive menstrual bleeding and HIV infected semen cells entering the uterus via the IUD tail. Many countries have integrated family planning services with other public health services, such as STD clinics that address AIDS. Integrated services should provide STD services and contraception and involve males and be accessible to them. Comprehensive school based clinical model should be implemented into schools and colleges. Counselors should advice HIV infected women not to have any more children. These women should get top priority to family planning services. HIV antibody testing for women should be done at any center where women may be including family planning centers and prisons.
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PMID:Comparative parameters of fertility regulation as related to STD / HIV infections. An overview. 1228 19

To improve counselling information to Nigerian family planning clients, we compared non-menstrual events reported by 248 Norplant users and 214 Uniplant users. Women using Norplant were significantly older and of higher parity and greater contraceptive experience than Uniplant users. Other admission characteristics of the two groups were similar. The total women-months of use of Norplant was 2,946 (mean 11.9 +/- 0.6 SE) months while that for Uniplant was 2,315 (mean 10.8 +/- 0.2 SE) months. About 36% of Norplant users and 15% of Uniplant users reported non-menstrual adverse events, the commonest ones being pain/itching at the insertion site, unexplained low abdominal pains and clinically diagnosed pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The numbers of women reporting drug-related adverse events were 61 (24.6%) and 23 (10.8%), respectively, among Norplant and Uniplant users. Drug-related serious adverse events were reported by 3 (1.2%) Norplant users and 5 (2%) Uniplant users. The adverse events leading to Uniplant removal were severe urticaria, breast lumps, pruritus vulvae, headache with raised blood pressure, adnexal pains and ovarian cysts, and static weight while those leading to Norplant removal were breast lump and headache with raised blood pressure. Weight gain was reported by only 7 (3%) of Norplant users. Although of no serious clinical consequences, drug-related adverse events should be added to the counselling information to prospective users.
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PMID:Nonmenstrual adverse events associated with subdermal contraceptive implants containing normegestrel and levonorgestrel. 1503 62