Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Deliberate parenteral self-injection of mercury is extremely rare, and is associated with a high degree of mortality and morbidity. Because mercury depresses cellular enzymatic mechanisms by combining with sulfhydryl groups, soluble mercuric salts are toxic to all cells. Embolization of mercury in the lungs has been reported with varying degrees of changes in pulmonary function. Mercury causes urticaria progressing to weeping dermatitis, leukopenia, anemia, diarrhea, salivation, liver damage, and renal damage progressing to acute renal failure with anuria. Dimercaprol is an effective antidote in acute heavy metal intoxication because its two sulfhydryl groups successfully compete with tissue enzyme sulfhydryl groups for the offending metal. Experience with dimercaprol therapy months after the original exposure to mercury is not available. We describe the hospital course of a patient after intravenous elemental injection and the results of dimercaprol therapy months after the original exposure.
 ...
PMID:Intravenous self-administration of elemental mercury: efficacy of dimercaprol therapy. 324 78

Standard prophylaxis and treatment of malignancy-associated hyperuricemia in the USA has been allopurinol with vigorous hydration, urinary alkalinization and osmotic diuresis. Urate oxidase, the enzyme that converts uric acid to allantoin (a readily excreted metabolite that has 5- to 10-fold higher solubility than uric acid), is an alternative therapy; however, few published findings support this practice. Between February 1994 and December 1996, we administered non-recombinant urate oxidase (Uricozyme) to 126 children with newly diagnosed non-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during the first 5 days of chemotherapy with methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine or both. Their blood levels of uric acid and other indicators of tumor lysis were measured at diagnosis and during treatment and then compared with findings in 129 similarly treated historical controls who had received allopurinol to control hyperuricemia. Clinical responses to urate oxidase were also determined in eight patients with newly diagnosed B cell ALL or advanced-stage non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Patients treated with urate oxidase had rapid and significantly greater decreases in their blood uric acid levels than did the historical controls (median maximal level during treatment, 2.3 vs 3.9 mg/dl, P < 0.001). They also had lower creatinine (0.6 vs 0.7 mg/dl, P = 0.01) and blood urea nitrogen (11 vs 24 mg/dl, P < 0.001) levels. Similar findings were made in the eight cases of B cell ALL or non-Hodgkin lymphoma. None of the patients required dialysis for acute renal failure. Six (4.5%) of the 134 children given urate oxidase had allergic reactions, manifested primarily by urticaria, bronchospasm and hypoxemia. Thus, non-recombinant urate oxidase is a more effective uricolytic agent than allopurinol but is associated with acute hypersensitivity reactions, even in patients without a history of allergy.
 ...
PMID:Urate oxidase in prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia associated with lymphoid malignancies. 936 11

In addition to its U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved conditions, immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) is now being used to treat a vast array of autoimmune disorders. Some of the reasons for this overall increase in the use of IGIV include its effectiveness and safety. Despite many years of safe use, side effects and adverse reactions still occur. Common and mild side effects associated with IGIV include: headache, malaise, nausea, low-grade fever, urticaria, arthralgias, and myalgia. These symptoms typically resolve within a few days after their onset. Although rare, the serious and potentially fatal side effects include: anaphylactic reactions, aseptic meningitis, acute renal failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, and other thrombotic complications. Many of these side effects have occurred in patients who have significant, underlying risk factors for the development of the event. Thus, it is vitally important that a thorough and comprehensive medical evaluation be performed on every patient who is being evaluated for potential IGIV therapy. This evaluation can, to some extent, significantly minimize the risk of these side effects. Careful, constant, and close monitoring by trained personnel during the infusion can also result in early detection of such events. Physicians should thoroughly discuss the risks and benefits of IGIV with patients who are being considered for this therapy.
 ...
PMID:Adverse events associated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. 1650 16

A 17-year-old girl who had started on levetiracetam because of new onset partial complex seizures developed acute renal failure and biopsy-confirmed interstitial nephritis 10 days after starting the drug. She made a complete and rapid recovery after discontinuation of levetiracetam and administration of oral corticosteroids. Levetiracetam, known to be predominantly excreted by the kidneys, has not previously been reported to cause significant renal complications in children. Children taking levetiracetam who present with abdominal pain, malaise, vomiting, oliguria, rash, or urticaria may require screening laboratory evaluation for potential renal adverse effects.
 ...
PMID:Levetiracetam induced interstitial nephritis and renal failure. 1952 Feb 78

Acute rhabdomyolysis is a clinical and laboratory syndrome resulting from the breakdown of skeletal muscle, with the release of intracellular contents into the circulatory system, which can cause potentially lethal complications. Here, we present the case of a patient who developed acute rhabdomyolysis after consumption of meloxicam for jaw pain and experienced generalized myalgias in the context of an acute febrile illness with generalized urticaria. Further investigation indicated elevated muscle enzymes and acute renal failure. Serological analysis revealed that the patient was positive for Ross River virus (RRV) IgM. Genetic studies to detect CYP2C9 polymorphisms were negative. Meloxicam was discontinued. He responded to conservative measures within 2 weeks. Oral aspirin challenge was negative, suggesting a drug-specific effect of meloxicam rather than a class effect. Our case indicates a causative role for meloxicam and/or acute RRV in rhabdomyolysis.
 ...
PMID:Meloxicam-induced rhabdomyolysis in the context of an acute ross river viral infection. 2221 Nov 72