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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since about 1950 especially, dermatologists world-wide have been utilizing the positive side-effects, discovered by chance, of all groups of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs. These drugs are used to treat certain non-microbially induced dermatoses, without any knowledge of the mechanisms involved. A short history is given and the most important drugs and the indications for their use are described. The following drugs are undoubtedly effective and sometimes even the therapy of choice: tetracyclines in acne vulgaris and rosacea (including rosacea keratitis); penicillin G in acrodermatitis atrophicans and cold urticaria; dapsone in dermatitis herpetiformis and - as a powerful adjuvant - in acne vulgaris and rosacea. Before the discovery of the socalled immunodepressive drugs, tetracycline was the only alternative to - or at least a highly effective adjuvant of - cortisone in dermatomyositis and chloroquine in localised and systemic lupus erythematosus. Finally, clioquinole was life-saving in acrodermatitis continua in children until this condition was recently identified as a zinc-deficiency syndrome. Therapeutical mechanisms have been found only in the case of acne, rosacea and dermatitis herpetiformis. In most other diseases the nature of the therapeutical effectiveness of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs still remains a mystery.
Infection 1979
PMID:[Positive side-effects of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs in therapy (author's transl)]. 16 43

In a randomized controlled, clinical study the efficacy of ceftazidime at a dosage of 2 g b. i. d. was compared to that of cefotaxime at a dosage of 2 g t. i. d. or more in the treatment of pneumonia or peritonitis in intensive care patients. 61 of 67 assessable cases were evaluable. In the ceftazidime group ten out of 11 patients with pneumonia and 17 out of 20 with peritonitis showed a clinical success. In the cefotaxime group 15 out of 19 patients with pneumonia and eight out of 11 with peritonitis were clinically cured or improved. With ceftazidime an overall success was achieved in 87% of the patients (27 out of 31) and with cefotaxime in 77% of the patients (23 out of 30). Two patients in the cefotaxime group developed a reinfection. Five of the patients treated with cefotaxime and four of those treated with ceftazidime were therapeutical failures. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Proteus species as well as Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci were the most frequent organisms isolated prior to therapy. Following ceftazidime therapy 30 of the 32 gram-negative species were eliminated, whereas in the cefotaxime group the number of gram-negative species isolated was reduced from 28 to ten. Gram-positive species isolated in ten cases prior to therapy, were still present in seven cases after ceftazidime therapy and the number of gram-positive organisms was reduced from 19 to ten following treatment with cefotaxime. In one patient therapy with ceftazidime was stopped due to urticaria. Reversible leukopenia was observed in a patient treated with ceftazidime and a cholestatic reaction in a patient treated with cefotaxime. In both groups a slight elevation of transaminases was seen.
Infection 1987
PMID:[Ceftazidime versus cefotaxime in the therapy of severe infections in intensive care patients]. 331 30

Gram-negative osteomyelitis frequently responds poorly to conventional therapy. Ciprofloxacin displays excellent in vitro activity against gram-negative bacilli and offers the potential for outpatient therapy. In this ongoing study, ciprofloxacin therapy is being evaluated for the treatment of gram-negative osteomyelitis. Twenty-three patients (16 men and seven women) have been treated under the protocol (750 mg orally twice daily for 1.5 to six months), and 14 patients have completed therapy. All patients had either growth on bone cultures from an open or percutaneous biopsy, or an arthrocentesis to confirm the diagnosis. Involved sites included ankle or tibia (seven patients), vertebra (four patients), hip (five patients), metatarsal (four patients), phalanx (two patients), and metacarpal (one patient); 16 patients had chronic disease, and seven patients had acute disease. Patients had a total of 28 gram-negative bacilli, 12 gram-positive cocci, and one anaerobic gram-negative rod, for an average of 1.8 pathogens per patient. Eighteen of the 28 gram-negative bacilli were Pseudomonas species. The geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentration for all the gram-negative bacilli was 0.15 microgram/ml. The geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentration for the gram-positive isolates was 0.41 microgram/ml. All patients who completed therapy experienced a cure, with a mean follow-up of 6.1 months. Infections in all patients, except for two who are still taking ciprofloxacin, are resolving, both clinically and radiologically. One patient who was not eligible for the protocol experienced a superinfection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Side effects have included urticaria, lethargy, nausea, and transient elevations of liver and renal function test results. Overall, ciprofloxacin therapy was well tolerated. This study suggests that ciprofloxacin holds promise for the outpatient treatment of gram-negative osteomyelitis.
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PMID:Oral ciprofloxacin therapy for gram-negative bacillary osteomyelitis. 355 43

Twenty seven cases of actionomycotic mycetoma caused either by Actinomadura madurae or Actinomadura pelletierii have been described. Infection by A. madurae has been more common than A. pelletierii. Left foot in A. madurae and right foot in A. pelletierii infections were involved more commonly in adult males, whereas right foot of the females was frequently affected in A. madurae infection. Large, soft, white grains in A. madurae and small, firm, red grains in A. pelletierii were consistently seen. Deep hematoxylin stained grains with scalloped margin and prominent eosinophilic club in A. madurae and such deep stained grains with smooth margin and horizontal cracks appearing as portions of a spherical mass in A. pelletierri were diagnostic. Large numbers of plasma cells and Russel bodies were also characteristic of A. madurae infection. Both the grains were stainable with Von Kossa method for calcium. Bone changes were similar in both the infections. Oral tetracycline produced soft tissue and bone resolution to almost normalcy in those who regularly consumed the drug any time from 2 to 6 years. Mild glucose intolerance, facial hyperpigmentation and urticaria were the side effects observed in a few. Two patients developed cataract following tetracycline therapy. The value of medical therapy with oral tetracycline in Actionomadura mycetomas is emphasized.
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PMID:A clinico-pathological study of actinomycotic mycetomas caused by Actinomadura madurae and Actinomadura pelletierii. 357 38

A previously well young woman presented with an acute hepatitis resembling viral hepatitis and a liver biopsy after 5 weeks showed features of acute hepatitis. Infection with identifiable viruses or other organisms known to cause hepatitis was excluded. Evidence for autoimmune chronic active hepatitis ab initio included prolonged fever, lymphadenopathy, urticaria, arthralgia, Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia, lymphopenia, a markedly raised level of immunoglobulin G and a positive antinuclear antibody test. Liver biopsies after 4 and 28 months showed typical histologic features of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis and the subsequent clinical course was typical, being marked by relapses and remissions responsive to prednisolone. Thus, described here is a woman in whom an acute onset of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis was clinically and histologically identified.
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PMID:'Acute' autoimmune hepatitis. 375 17

Imipenem-cilastatin was given in doses of 1 g intravenously every 6 h to 31 patients. Twenty-five patients, with 27 infections, were clinically evaluable and received 20 to 210 g of imipenem for a duration of 5 to 56 days (average 16.3 days). Infections included seven cases of osteomyelitis, seven of bacteremia, five of cellulitis, two of pneumonia, three of pelvic cellulitis, two of intraabdominal abscess, and one each of empyema, mediastinitis, and endometritis. Fifty-five percent of the infections were caused by gram-negative bacilli, 33% were due to gram-positive organisms, and 10% were caused by anaerobes. Twenty-two patients (81%) were cured, three improved, one relapsed, and one became superinfected with a resistant organism. In 5 of 11 cases with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the imipenem MIC for organisms isolated by the end of treatment was higher than it was initially, raising concern that imipenem should not be used alone to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Twenty-one patients had no adverse reaction; of the remaining 10 patients, 4 had nausea, 1 had urticaria, and 6 had mild abnormalities in hepatic function; three episodes of diarrhea included two with Clostridium difficile toxin in stool and one with pseudomembranous colitis, as determined by sigmoidoscopy. Levels of creatinine, hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, prothrombin, and urine components were unchanged. Imipenem-cilastatin is a clinically effective antibiotic with freedom from nephrotoxicity and hematological abnormalities in the large doses used in this study.
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PMID:Safety and efficacy of high-dose treatment with imipenem-cilastatin in seriously ill patients. 386 Jan 87

A transpapillary indwelling catheter was inserted to prevent stone impaction in six female patients who were suffering from choledocholithiasis. The bile withdrawn via the catheter was infected on six occasions with Escherichia coli. In one of these cases Klebsiella sp. and in another Salmonella sp. were also identified. All bacteria were sensitive to ceftizoxime (the MIC was between 0.007 and 0.06 mg/l). The bacterial counts in the bile were determined before and during treatment by means of membrane filtration. In all six cases there was a rapid decline in the colony count. The concentration of ceftizoxime in bile samples was several times higher than the MIC of ceftizoxime for the corresponding pathogens. Overall, the therapeutic results with ceftizoxime were good. Three of eight pathogens were eliminated from the bile within eight to 24 hours. In one case a change of pathogen was seen after 24 hours. Forty-eight hours after beginning treatment, four of eight pathogens had been eliminated from the bile. After 72 hours the colony count in six patients was less than 10 pathogens/ml. In two patients a change of pathogen occurred; in one patient treatment had to be stopped after the first injection because of urticaria.
Infection 1982
PMID:Elimination of bacteria in biliary tract infections during ceftizoxime therapy. 628 49

Infection, not allergy, appears to be the most common cause of acute urticaria in children. In a review of 76 cases, an association with infection was documented or suspected in 60% of cases-half of these viral. An aggressive diagnostic approach may prevent unwarranted lifelong dietary and drug restrictions or reveal a potentially serious disease, such as streptococcal pharyngitis.
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PMID:Acute urticaria in children: causes and an aggressive diagnostic approach. 710 9

In most cases of chronic urticaria, a specific etiology cannot be determined. This should not discourage the physician from continuing to search for its underlying cause. Infection has long been considered a cause of urticaria, although the incidence is probably low when all other common causes are considered. A case of chronic urticaria of five years duration, which was associated with chronic extensive dental infection and periodontal disease, is presented to show the importance of infection as a trigger mechanism of urticaria.
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PMID:Chronic urticaria associated with bacterial infection. A case of dental infection. 723 16

Stool samples from 775 patients with diarrhoea referred to a hospital over an 18-month period were cultured for Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni, and in 55 patients (7.1%), infections were identified. In addition, one asymptomatic patient had a positive stool sample and serological evidence of a current infection. The patients were aged between 11 and 76 years, the majority being in the age group 15 to 39 years. The symptoms included diarrhoea (in almost 100%), fever (in 80%) and abdominal tenderness (in 35%). Almost half the patients vomited. The total leucocyte count was usually normal, but half the patients showed increased numbers of juvenile neutrophils. Eosinopenia and high serum C-reactive protein were frequently seen in the acute phase of the illness. Complications included haematemesis, pancreatic affection, carditis, reactive arthritis, urticaria, and transient malabsorption in one patient who had had a previous Billroth II operation. Invasive disease was occasionally suggested by clinical manifestations of extensive mesenteric lymphadenitis, septicaemia and focal bone necrosis.
Infection 1981
PMID:Clinical and serological studies in patients with Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni infection: I. Clinical findings. 733 78


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