Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In this review I have described the pathophysiology of allergic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Situations where the intestine cannot be a complete barrier to foreign allergens and antigens were discussed and etiological factors of gastrointestinal allergy were detailed. Clinical features of gastrointestinal allergy include diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain and colic, intestinal hemorrhage and malabsorption as well as symptoms and signs outside the gastrointestinal tract such as chronic rhinitis and asthma in the respiratory system, urticaria, angioedema and eczema as dermatological signs, headache, insomnia, hyperkinesis as central nervous system manifestations, failure to thrive and anaphylaxis as constitutional reactions. Milk allergy was discussed as an example of food allergy. Immunology of the gastrointestinal tract was presented, with examples of four types of hypersensitivity reactions, and gastrointestinal disturbances of immunodeficiency disorders and syndromes were named. Lastly, the autoimmune mechanism and the gut were described, with particular discussion of ulcerative colitis as an example of an autoimmune disease.
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PMID:The intestine in allergic diseases. 78 84

Cutaneous reactions, including acne, pruritus, urticaria, and nail dyschromia, have been associated with zidovudine use. Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis is characterized by distinctive patterns of dermal perivascular inflammation without visceral involvement. We treated two cases of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis associated with fever in patients with severe human immunodeficiency virus-related immunodeficiency in which symptoms resolved on withdrawal of zidovudine therapy and recurred after rechallenge with the drug. This unusual hypersensitivity reaction to zidovudine is probably related to the immune dysregulation and the propensity toward allergic phenomena found in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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PMID:Zidovudine-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis. 155 46

Twenty patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), AIDS-related complex (ARC) or asymptomatic HIV infection (HIV+) were given 20 mcg kg-3 trichosanthin (TCS; 'Compound Q'), a ribosome-inactivating protein with in vitro antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) once every four weeks for up to 12 weeks. With the concurrent administration of prostaglandin inhibitors, the drug was moderately well tolerated, with most subjects experiencing mild arthralgia, hives and malaise. Additionally, four patients experienced neurological complications which resolved spontaneously without intervention. Four of 20 subjects in this open label pilot study showed progressive although transient reductions in viral activity as measured by p-24 antigen level decreases. Subjects also experienced decreases in levels of beta 2-microglobulin. Ten HIV+ and healthy ARC subjects demonstrated improved immunological status as measured by significant increases in percentage of CD4+ cells and augmentations in delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Eight of 20 subjects reported improved appetites and increased energy levels. The group as a whole had a weight gain of 3.2 kg. Eight of 20 subjects who presented with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy exhibited a marked diminution in the size of their lymph nodes after the first treatment. No subject who presented with oral candidiasis experienced an improvement in that condition. We conclude that, in the short term, TCS seems to have the ability to reduce viral activity and improve certain symptoms in healthy ARC patients and HIV + asymptomatics although it may not be able to restore immune competence in persons with advanced AIDS or poor prognosis ARC. Additionally, the drug may pose a special risk for patients with HIV-related dementia.
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PMID:Trichosanthin treatment of HIV-induced immune dysregulation. 157 89

Prior to 1979, there had been no reports of contact urticaria to rubber products. Since that time, many cases have been reported. At New York University, the first case, secondary to cornstarch allergy, was seen in 1985. Since that time, we have seen an additional six cases, five of them in the last year. Of these six cases, three were attributable to H. brasiliensis and three to the accelerators. Although the use of latex products has increased dramatically within the past 9 years in response to the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus infections, it is not clear whether increased exposure alone accounts for the sudden increase in the number of patients with contact urticaria. Four of the patients presented here are hospital personnel involved in surgical procedures, in which, for decades, latex gloves have been used. Furthermore, two of our seven patients are paraplegics, who, as a group, have long had frequent exposure to rubber products. Two possibilities seem most likely: either the diagnosis has been missed by physicians for decades, or in response to the worldwide demand for latex products, the manufacture of latex has become altered in such a fashion that more products from which the allergens (accelerators and H. brasiliensis) are easily leached are now reaching the marketplace.
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PMID:Contact urticaria caused by rubber. Analysis of seven cases. 213 99

The case of a 10 month-old girl with a history of recurrent urticaria and diarrhoea is presented. Immunological study was carried out and secretory component in sputum, duodenal juice and stool was not found, while IgA was detected. Peroral biopsy of intestinum was also carried out and histology revealed partial villous atrophy. Immunofluorescent staining showed only a few IgA and IgG producing cells scattered within the villous stroma, while the IgM producing cells were increased in number. Serum concentration of IgA, IgM and particularly IgG was increased. Both parents had measurable IgA in the serum, however, the secretory component was not detectable neither in mother nor in father. The deficiency of secretory component and deficiency of IgA producing cells in the jejunal villous stroma led to local immunodeficiency of the intestinal mucosa and that caused recurrent urticaria and diarrhoea in the girl presented.
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PMID:Local immunodeficiency of the intestinal mucosa--a contribution to etiopathogenesis of recurrent urticaria and diarrhoea. 293 37

Adverse reactions to human plasma proteins range from mild urticaria to fatal anaphylaxis and may occur with virtually any blood product. The most common clinical settings appear to be whole blood transfusion in subjects with no previous history of reactions, or the infusion of fresh frozen plasma or injection of human immune serum globulin (HISG) to patients with known immunodeficiency. The immunological processes involved and the management of reactions are discussed.
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PMID:Adverse reactions to human plasma proteins. 696 70

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of passive immunotherapy for advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial of human anti-HIV hyperimmune plasma was conducted. Sixty-three subjects with stage IV HIV disease (AIDS) were randomized to received 250 mL of either HIV-immune plasma or HIV antibody-negative plasma every 4 weeks. Although nonsignificant trends toward improved survival and delayed occurrence of a new opportunistic infection were noted, no significant effects on absolute CD4 lymphocyte counts or quantitative HIV viremia were seen. The only notable toxicity was the allergenicity to be expected from infusing plasma products, usually manifesting as urticaria. Thus, results do not rule out the potential usefulness of passive immunization with different preparations, but did fail to demonstrate clinical benefit of the product studied.
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PMID:Passive immunotherapy in the treatment of advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. 807 41

The safety and clinical efficacy of a liquid, beta-propiolactone-stabilized intravenous gamma-globulin, Intraglobin-F, was evaluated in a multicenter, double-blind study comparing Intraglobin-F to Gamimune-N, Sandoglobulin, or Gammagard. beta-Propiolactone stabilizes the IgG molecule to decrease aggregate formation and is a potent virucidal agent that reduces the risk of viral transmission by intravenous gamma-globulin (IVIG) preparations. Twenty-seven patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases were enrolled at three centers. Each patient received 6 months of therapy with either Intraglobin-F or the IVIG preparation that they had received during the preceding 3 months, then crossed over to the other preparation. Twenty-three patients completed the study. One patient withdrew because of an adverse event, generalized urticaria. A second patient withdrew because of fatigue and perceived decreased efficacy. Adverse reactions were comparable and occurred in 8.7% of the infusions of Intraglobin-F and 6% of the infusions with Sandoglobulin. None were severe or life-threatening. There was no discernible difference in efficacy between any of the products. The number of days when patients noted symptoms in their diaries was similar for Intraglobin-F and the comparison preparations, 4158 vs 4143. Similarly, there were no differences in the number of physician visits (33 vs 22), days missed from work or school (405 vs 404), days with fever (41 vs 47), or days of prophylactic antibiotics (675 vs 642). There was an increase in the number of days when antibiotics were given therapeutically (578 vs 451); most of the difference was attributable to one patient. There also was a difference in the number of days of hospitalization (21 vs 0), but 19 of the days were accounted for by two patients. When the patients were asked to score their feeling of well-being on a scale of 1 to 5, with 1 being entirely well, the mean score for the patients on Intraglobin-F was 1.86 (range, 1.0 to 3.0), compared to 1.85 (range, 1.0 to 3.2) for patients while on the comparison preparations. Trough IgG levels were slightly lower during the period when patients were treated with Intraglobin-F compared to the other products. There were no abnormalities in blood chemistries or hematologic parameters. Thus, Intraglobin-F is comparable to three of the marketed IVIG preparations in efficacy and safety, as well as patient acceptability, and offers the additional benefit of an extra virucidal step to reduce further the risk of transmitting viral infections.
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PMID:Multicenter crossover comparison of the safety and efficacy of Intraglobin-F with Gamimune-N, Sandoglobulin, and Gammagard in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. 904 82

Papular urticaria is the result of hypersensitivity (id-reaction) to bites from certain insects such as mosquitoes gnats, fleas, mites, and bedbugs. Papular urticaria is common in childhood and is characterized by symmetrically distributed pruritic papules and papulovesicles. Scratching causes erosions and ulcerations. Pyoderma is common. Lesions occur in crops. The histopathologic features of papular urticaria are inadequately documented. In a prospective study we recorded the histopathologic features of 30 patients (female, 18; male, 12) with papular urticaria. Their ages ranged from 6-343 months (median = 21 months, mean = 37.73 months). Features that presented in more than 50% of cases included mild acanthosis, mild spongiosis, exocytosis of lymphocytes, mild subepidermal edema, extravasation of erythrocytes, a superficial and deep mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate of moderate density, and interstitial eosinophils. We recognized lymphocytic (n = 4), eosinophilic (n = 9), neutrophilic (n = 7), and mixed (n = 9) subtypes. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from 10 cases and revealed abundant T-lymphocytes (CD45RO, CD3) and macrophages (CD68) in all cases. B-lymphocytes (CD20) and dendritic antigen-presenting cells (S100) were absent. Direct immunofluorescence staining was conducted on cryostat-prepared sections from 26 specimens. Deposition of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, and fibrin could not be demonstrated. The histopathologic differential diagnosis of papular urticaria includes other spongiotic dermatitides, pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta, the pruritic papular eruption of human immunodeficiency virus disease, and papulonecrotic tuberculid. Papular urticaria with marked spongiosis and a dense inflammatory cell infiltrate cannot be reliably distinguished from arthropod bites on clinical and histopathologic grounds. The present study provides morphologic and immunohistochemical evidence that a type I hypersensitivity reaction plays a central role in the pathogenesis of papular urticaria. The putative antigen remains undetermined.
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PMID:Papular urticaria: a histopathologic study of 30 patients. 912 95

We report the first case of aquagenic urticaria in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This is a rare physical urticaria not previously described in this context. The disorder proved unamenable to conventional treatment with antihistamines, but did respond dramatically to stanozolol, suggesting a novel indication for this anabolic steroid.
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PMID:Aquagenic urticaria and human immunodeficiency virus infection: treatment with stanozolol. 939 Mar 43


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