Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A total of 754 patients were treated intravenously with sulbactam/ampicillin, in a clinical trial to determine the efficacy and safety of the drug. The majority of patients were treated with 3 g/day by intravenous infusion for 4 to 14 days. Clinical response was evaluated in 689 of 754 patients. In the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections, efficacy was 82.5% and 77.1%, respectively. Overall, sulbactam/ampicillin was effective in 80.4% of all evaluable patients. Of 175 patients who failed to respond to prior antibiotic therapy, 135 patients (77.1%) were effectively treated with sulbactam/ampicillin. The overall bacteriological eradication rate was 91.8% against Gram-positive organisms, 75.9% against Gram-negative organisms, and 90% against anaerobes. In addition, 166 of 221 strains that were beta-lactamase producers were eradicated after treatment with sulbactam/ampicillin. Side effects such as rash, fever, itching, urticaria, and diarrhea occurred in only 2.65%, 20 of 754 cases. Laboratory abnormalities were similar to those reported for other beta-lactam antibiotics, including increases in levels of SGOT (4.9%), SGPT (5.7%), and eosinophilia (3.4%) counts. The study showed that sulbactam/ampicillin has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms as well as anaerobes. There was a high degree of safety. Thus, sulbactam/ampicillin is effective and safe as a treatment for medical, surgical, urological, and gynecological infections.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of sulbactam/ampicillin in Japan. 268 16

Histamine poisoning results from the consumption of foods, typically certain types of fish and cheeses, that contain unusually high levels of histamine. Spoiled fish of the families, Scombridae and Scomberesocidae (e.g. tuna, mackerel, bonito), are commonly implicated in incidents of histamine poisoning, which leads to the common usage of the term, "scombroid fish poisoning", to describe this illness. However, certain non-scombroid fish, most notably mahi-mahi, bluefish, and sardines, when spoiled are also commonly implicated in histamine poisoning. Also, on rare occasions, cheeses especially Swiss cheese, can be implicated in histamine poisoning. The symptoms of histamine poisoning generally resemble the symptoms encountered with IgE-mediated food allergies. The symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, an oral burning sensation or peppery taste, hives, itching, red rash, and hypotension. The onset of the symptoms usually occurs within a few minutes after ingestion of the implicated food, and the duration of symptoms ranges from a few hours to 24 h. Antihistamines can be used effectively to treat this intoxication. Histamine is formed in foods by certain bacteria that are able to decarboxylate the amino acid, histidine. However, foods containing unusually high levels of histamine may not appear to be outwardly spoiled. Foods with histamine concentrations exceeding 50 mg per 100 g of food are generally considered to be hazardous. Histamine formation in fish can be prevented by proper handling and refrigerated storage while the control of histamine formation in cheese seems dependent on insuring that histamine-producing bacteria are not present in significant numbers in the raw milk.
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PMID:Histamine poisoning (scombroid fish poisoning): an allergy-like intoxication. 268 58

Twenty patients (17-27 yr) with cystic fibrosis were given ciprofloxacin at 30 pulmonary infectious exacerbations. All patients were chronically colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Twenty-five courses were completed, 13 orally (15 mg/kg b.i.d.) and 12 intravenously (4-6 mg/kg b.i.d.). Clinical efficacy was excellent or good in 85-90% of the courses and growth of P. aeruginosa was markedly reduced in 33-46%. Body weight and clinical score improved significantly. White blood cell count decreased and pulmonary function was improved. Reversible adverse effects, mainly rash and urticaria, appeared at seven occasions, five severe enough to cause interruption of treatment. Clinical efficacy and tolerance were better with oral than intravenous administration at the dosages used in this study. Excellent bioavailability provides additional basis for oral treatment with ciprofloxacin in cystic fibrosis patients.
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PMID:Comparison of efficacy and tolerance of intravenously and orally administered ciprofloxacin in cystic fibrosis patients with acute exacerbations of lung infection. 275 54

To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of trimetrexate glucuronate in combination with cyclophosphamide in patients with metastatic or inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), trimetrexate in dosages ranging from 3 to 13.5 mg/m2/day was administered intravenously (IV) to 27 patients for 5 days in combination with cyclophosphamide, 600 mg/m2, on day 1. Patients received between one and six courses of treatment at 3 week intervals, 69 treatment courses in all. Hematological toxicity was mainly mild anemia (81%), leukopenia (67%), and thrombocytopenia (52%). Nonhematological toxicity included nausea and vomiting (67%), mucositis (30%), and urticaria or rash (22%). The incidences of leukopenia and mucositis were dose related. The MTD of trimetrexate in combination with cyclophosphamide was 7.5 mg/m2/day. The dosage chosen for the Phase 2 study, based only on the hematological dose limiting toxicity, was 10.5 mg/m2/day. Of 31 patients with previously untreated metastatic or inoperable NSCLC who have entered in the Phase 2 study, 22 are evaluable for clinical efficacy (World Health Organization criteria, 1979). Treatment was discontinued in four patients because of toxicity. One patient refused further therapy. Four patients are too early to evaluate. Five patients had confirmed partial responses (23%), 12 patients achieved stable disease (54%), and five patients had progressive disease. Results suggest that trimetrexate 10.5 mg/m2/day in combination with cyclophosphamide is active against previously untreated NSCLC. Dose limiting toxicity was mucositis and myelosuppression. An 11 item linear analogue scale assessing quality of life during treatment indicated this combination was well accepted by patients and did not compromise quality of life. The Phase 2 study is continuing.
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PMID:Trimetrexate and cyclophosphamide for metastatic inoperable nonsmall cell lung cancer. 283 17

A patient with ulcerative colitis developed skin allergy to sulfasalazine, manifested by rash urticaria and generalized angioedema. The patient underwent desensitization with the drug. After desensitization, the drug was reinstituted without any adverse skin reaction. However, 2 months later the patient developed a severe pneumonitis that resolved completely on discontinuation of sulfasalazine and administration of steroids. The relationship between the various adverse reactions to the drug is discussed and the entity "sulfasalazine pneumonitis" is reviewed.
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PMID:Sulfasalazine pneumonitis. 285 99

The effects of brompheniramine maleate (12 mg twice daily in sustained release form) and terfenadine (60 mg twice daily) on the symptoms and well-being of 16 adults with urticaria with or without dermographism were assessed by symptom questionnaire. Following an initial 2-week period without therapy, each drug was taken for 2 weeks in a randomised double-blind cross-over study. Both drugs produced significant relief of itch and rash but only brompheniramine produced significant drowsiness. Brompheniramine maleate was more effective than terfenadine in the patients with dermographism.
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PMID:Terfenadine and brompheniramine maleate in urticaria and dermographism. 287 4

Anti-hypertensive drugs, including diuretics and beta-blocking drugs, belong to a group of therapeutics used by about a fourth of the Danish population. As with cytostatics, antibiotics, and topical remedies, they rather frequently cause adverse drug reactions (ADR) in the skin. No exact statistical information is available concerning the extent of such side effects. The information obtained by Danish National Board of Health's Committee on Adverse Drug Reactions shows that 10-60% of ADR from diuretics, beta-blocking agents, and anti-hypertensive drugs are dermatological. The skin symptoms are not unique for any specific drug. But certain symptoms occur more frequently than others. Thiazides can give vasculitis, a phototoxic/-allergic eruption, erythema multiforme, or eczema. The combination of amiloride (5 mg) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg) carries the highest number of recorded ADR; 59% of these are in the skin. Half of the skin ADR are phototoxic eczema. Furosemide may give eczema, purpura, a bullous eruption, or Steven-Johnson's syndrome in rare cases. Methyldopa can induce eczematous eruptions on hands and feet, a lichenoid eruption, a lupus erythematosus-like eruption, or purpura. Hydralazine may give lupus erythematosus-like eruptions, eczema, or urticaria. Non-specific beta-blocking drugs can induce a morbilliform rash and may aggravate psoriasis. Captopril may induce pruritus in up to 15% of the patients and skin eruptions in 2%. The most serious dermatological side effect, exfoliative dermatitis, is very rarely seen following the use of anti-hypertensive drugs or diuretics.
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PMID:Adverse reactions in the skin from anti-hypertensive drugs. 289 92

The present paper gives a review of the data published in Poland concerning side effects of drugs. The most numerous observations concern antibiotics (particularly penicillin), sulfonamides, salicylates and antitetanic serum. The most frequent complications were: shock, urticaria, erythema multiforme and exanthema maculopapulosum.
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PMID:[Drugs in Poland: a review of literature on the symptoms of side effects]. 293 Dec 65

Following a routine 0.1 ml booster dose of Merieux rabies human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV), administered intradermally, 23(10.2%) of 226 persons had signs and symptoms compatible with an immune complex-like disease. The disease had its onset from 3-13 days after the injection, lasted 1-5 days, and consisted primarily of urticaria (78.3%), macular rash (65.2%), angiooedema (39.1%), and arthralgia (17.4%). None of the cases were considered severe, and all recovered with no sequelae. There were significant differences in attack rates between men (78.3% of all cases) and women, and between those receiving vaccinations on different days. Similar reactions have been reported following intramuscular booster doses of HDCV. Since the Merieux HDCV is used worldwide, physicians administering HDCV must be aware of these adverse reactions and warn patients. Appropriate therapy should be instituted as warranted by severity of reactions.
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PMID:Immune complex-like disease in 23 persons following a booster dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine. 293 56

We analyzed the data on 15,438 consecutive medical inpatients monitored by the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program from June 1975 to June 1982 to determine the rates of allergic cutaneous reactions to drugs introduced since 1975 and to confirm and extend findings from an earlier study of the preceding 22,227 patients. There were 358 reactions occurring in 347 patients, for an overall reaction rate among patients of 2.2%. Each patient received a mean of eight different drugs. Rashes were attributed to 51 drugs, and 75% of the allergic cutaneous reactions were attributed to antibiotics, blood products, and inhaled mucolytics. Amoxicillin (51.4 reactions per 1000 patients exposed), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (33.8/1000), and ampicillin (33.2/1000) had the highest reaction rates. Drug-specific reaction rates ranged from zero to 51.4 per 1000 and were determined for 180 drugs or drug groups. These results provide physicians with quantitative data that will be helpful in clinical decision making when drug-induced exanthems, urticaria, or generalized pruritus occurs.
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PMID:Drug-induced cutaneous reactions. A report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program on 15,438 consecutive inpatients, 1975 to 1982. 294 76


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