Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) is a common photodermatosis of unknown etiology. It afflicts mainly fair-skinned patients, with a preponderance of young females. There is, however, no absolute restriction as to age, sex, or race. Clinical variants include the papular, vesiculo-bullous, and hemorrhagic variety, as well as plaque, erythema multiforme-like, and insect bite (strophulus)-like types. Skin lesions appear only in certain exposed areas hours or a few days after intense sunshine, and are nearly always monomorphous in the same patient. The rash subsides spontaneously within several days without leaving scars. The histopathologic picture is characteristic and shows a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the upper and middle corium with subepidermal edema, vacuolization of basal cells, and spongiosis in the lower epidermis. The most important differential diagnoses are solar urticaria, photosensitive erythema multiforme, and lupus erythematosus. The action spectrum of PLE is under debate. Reproduction of skin lesions has been reported with UVB, UVA, and, rarely, visible light, with UVA probably being the most effective part of the spectrum. More important than treatment of PLE is prophylaxis. UVA- and UVB-effective sunscreens are of some help. Phototherapy and especially photochemotherapy (psoralen + UVA; PUVA) offer effective ways to decrease light sensitivity. Systemic treatment with chloroquine or beta-carotene has been disappointing.
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PMID:Polymorphous light eruption. 381 73

Immune complexes are formed by the interaction of antigen and antibody. When these complexes are deposited in tissue, they activate complement that is chemotactic to neutrophils. Neutrophil release of lysozymal enzymes results in destruction of tissue. In the skin this destruction manifests itself clinically as vasculitic lesions. Occasionally other clinical lesions, such as urticaria, erythema multiforme, and so forth, may be a manifestation of immune complex disease.
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PMID:Immune complexes in the reactive inflammatory vascular dermatoses. 391 88

Excluding the most frequent kinds of problems seen with the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID)--gastritis, peptic ulceration and renal effects--published reports indicate that these drugs may cause a wide variety of rare adverse reactions. The most serious of these are hypersensitivity reactions: blood dyscrasias (aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, hemolytic anemia), erythema multiforme and hepatitis. Aseptic meningitis and anaphylactoid reactions may strike patients with underlying immunologic abnormalities; urticaria, bronchospasm and proctocolitis may affect aspirin-sensitive patients. Other unusual reactions include several kinds of bullous dermatitis, febrile reactions, pneumonitis, esophageal ulceration, parotitis, pancreatitis and neurological or psychological effects.
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PMID:Rare adverse reactions to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. 398 96

The varied histopathology of the reactive inflammatory vascular dermatoses requires close cooperation between the clinician and the pathologist. This article presents an overview of the histology of this group of dermatoses, including the figurate erythemas, the pigmented purpuric eruptions, urticaria and urticarial vasculitis, Sweet's syndrome, erythema multiforme, and erythema nodosum.
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PMID:The histologic spectrum of the reactive inflammatory vascular dermatoses. 409 80

Human skin is the most evolved organ of man and is thought to be primarily responsible for his wide habitat. It is also different from animal skin in that large areas are relatively devoid of hair and have abundant eccrine sweat glands and a vast network of thermosensitive responsive blood vessels. Cutaneous manifestations are the most frequently reported adverse reactions of skin to drugs. This review classifies numerous types of currently recognized drug-induced skin lesions and classic allergic and nonallergic responses of skin to drugs. Clinical allergic reactions discussed include: 1) atopic reaction; 2) contact dermatitis; 3) eczema; 4) drug eruptions; 5) erythema; 6) urticaria and angioedema; 7) erythema multiforme; 8) vesiculobullous; 9) erythema nodosum; 10) exfoliation; 11) persistent erythemas; 12) fixed drug eruptions; 13) Lichenoid eruptions; 14) purpura; and 15) photosensitivity.
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PMID:Allergy and drug sensitivity of skin. 423 26

Drug-induced cutaneous reactions encompass a wide variety of rashes that depend in part on route of administration (e.g., contact versus systemic) as well as type of cutaneous response and molecular mechanism underlying the reaction. One such reaction is a type IV immunologic reaction (delayed hypersensitivity) manifest as contact dermatitis and commonly elicited by drugs such as antihistamines, antibiotic ointments, local anesthetics, and paraben esters in cosmetic creams and lotions. A generalized eruption of this sort will occasionally occur with systemic administration of a drug to someone previously sensitized by topical application. Systemic administration of agents can cause nonspecific pruritus or maculopapular eruptions that resemble visual exanthemas. The pathogenesis is unclear and no immune mechanism has been demonstrated. If the drug is continued, exfoliative dermatitis can result. Other types of reactions are urticarial in nature and include acute urticaria/angioedema, erythema multiforme (bullous and nonbullous), Stevens-Johnson syndrome, urticaria in association with serum sickness-like reactions, and urticaria associated with anaphylactoid reactions. In many of these, an allergic reaction in which there is an immunoglobulin (Ig) E-dependent release of mediators in the skin causes hives or swelling. In others, circulating immune complexes may be present, often involving IgG antibody complexed with drug and complement fixation; hives may then be caused by anaphylatoxin release or a concomitant IgE-mediated reaction. In some instances, a cellular reaction may augment the aforementioned inflammatory reactions, perhaps as part of a late-phase reaction or a true delayed hypersensitivity component.
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PMID:Drug-induced skin disease. 623 77

The presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and/or herpes antigens was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) reactions in exfoliated cells or biopsy specimens from 43 patients with different skin diseases (treatment-resistant cutaneous herpes, genital herpes, acne, urticaria, dermatitis, erythema multiforme, ecthyma contagiosum). Either M. pneumoniae or herpes antigen could be detected in 21 (55.26%) and 12 (31.57%) of the 38 IF-positive cases, respectively, while the associated occurrence of mycoplasma and herpes antigens was observed in 5 (13.15%) of the patients.
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PMID:Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection detected by immunofluorescence in patients with certain skin diseases. 633 Sep 75

As early as the 1940s, erythema multiforme exudativum (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) and hemolytic anemia were associated with outbreaks of atypical pneumonia, a disease later found to be caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Epidemiologic evidence has also associated neurological complications, especially aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis, with M. pneumoniae infections. Urticarial and morbilliform skin rashes often appear late in the course of M. pneumoniae pneumonia. A multitude of other complications have been ascribed to M. pneumoniae infections, often reported as case reports diagnosed by serologic antibody titers only. More systematic investigations are needed to assess the frequency of complications to M. pneumoniae infections. Isolation of the agent, not only serologic titer rises, should be required before a syndrome is attributed to M. pneumoniae infection.
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PMID:Epidemiologic aspects of M. pneumoniae disease complications: a review. 638 21

Two cases of tuberculoid leprosy who developed erythema multiforme bullosum (EMB) due to Dapsone (DDS) is reported. Burning and itching sensations were found to be the prominent prodromal symptoms. The patients gave history of urticaria and bronchial asthma. Salient clinical features and further management of the cases by desensitization with slow induction to DDS under cover of steroids and antihistamines have been discussed.
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PMID:Erythema multiforme bullosum due to dapsone. 745 43

The hepatitis C virus causes both hepatic and extrahepatic disorders, particularly as regards dermatology. The link between essential mixed cryoglobulinemias and the C virus infection has been clearly evidenced., whereas its frequency seems low in other systemic vasculitis such as polyarteritis nodosa. Similarly, the link between C virus hepatopathy and porphyria cutanea tarda is now proven. Lichen planus is also described as being associated with this virus, but further epidemiological studies are required to determine the exact prevalence of lichen in C virus hepatopathy cases. Finally, various cutaneous disorders, such as urticaria, erythema multiforme, dermo-hypodermitis, etc, occasionally arise during acute or chronic hepatitis C.
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PMID:[Skin manifestations related to hepatitis C viruses]. 748 Nov 54


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