Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042109 (urticaria)
 6,569 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since about 1950 especially, dermatologists world-wide have been utilizing the positive side-effects, discovered by chance, of all groups of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs. These drugs are used to treat certain non-microbially induced dermatoses, without any knowledge of the mechanisms involved. A short history is given and the most important drugs and the indications for their use are described. The following drugs are undoubtedly effective and sometimes even the therapy of choice: tetracyclines in acne vulgaris and rosacea (including rosacea keratitis); penicillin G in acrodermatitis atrophicans and cold urticaria; dapsone in dermatitis herpetiformis and - as a powerful adjuvant - in acne vulgaris and rosacea. Before the discovery of the socalled immunodepressive drugs, tetracycline was the only alternative to - or at least a highly effective adjuvant of - cortisone in dermatomyositis and chloroquine in localised and systemic lupus erythematosus. Finally, clioquinole was life-saving in acrodermatitis continua in children until this condition was recently identified as a zinc-deficiency syndrome. Therapeutical mechanisms have been found only in the case of acne, rosacea and dermatitis herpetiformis. In most other diseases the nature of the therapeutical effectiveness of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs still remains a mystery.
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PMID:[Positive side-effects of antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs in therapy (author's transl)]. 16 43

Fifteen patients with a variety of itching skin diseases (atopic eczema, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, urticaria and psoriasis) have been studied in the sleep laboratory. Recordings were made of all-night electroencephalogram, electro-oculogram, submental electromyogram, and muscle potentials from both forearms. Bouts of scratching during orthodox (NREM) sleep occurred more frequently in stages 1 and 2 than in stages 3 and 4. The frequency in paradoxial (REM) sleep was close to that in stage 2 sleep. This pattern was similar for all the diseases studied and seems to be related to the physiology of the sleep stages rather than to the skin diseases themselves. The mean duration of the bouts of scratching was not related to the sleep stage in which they started.
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PMID:Further studies of scratching during sleep. 17 5

Insignificant variation was noted in the mean levels of the complement components CIQ, C4, C2, C3, C5 and C3PA between various groups of sera from patients with urticaria, angio-oedema, dermatitis herpetiformis, alopecia areata, or hay fever. No deficiencies were found. Elevated C9 levels in chronic urticaria and angio-oedema reflected its nature as an acute phase protein. The assessment of C components in single or sequential serum samples revealed only marginal variations. Similar results were recorded for plasminogen the immunoglobulins, G, A and M. Some evidence is provided for the primary involvement of the kallikrein-kinin system in urticaria.
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PMID:Complement component profiles in urticaria, dermatitis herpetiformis, and alopecia areata. 95 50

The serum concentrations of "pregnancy-associated" alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) were measured in 129 healthy women and 141 healthy men to establish a normal range, using a sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In the normal population 2.8% of men and 5.4% of women had low serum alpha 2-PAG concentrations. Low concentrations occur, however, much more commonly in patients, particularly male patients, with certain diseases, including dermatitis herpetiformis (three of 12 or 25%) and urticaria (two of five or 40%). One female patient with absolute deficiency was also identified. In view of the recently confirmed association of alpha 2-PAG with IgA and the fact that alpha 2-PAG seems to have immunosuppressive properties, it seems likely that deficiency of alpha 2-PAG could result in the subject becoming sensitised to various dietary antigens. Interestingly, none of the 24 patients with IgA deficiency showed concomitant deficiency of alpha 2-PAG.
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PMID:Deficiency of serum "pregnancy-associated" alpha 2-glycoprotein alpha 2-PAG): association with disease. 395 41

A major aetiologic role for foods has been demonstrated in urticaria, atopic eczema and dermatitis herpetiformis. In some patients with urticaria, whealing occurs within minutes of the ingestion of a particular food. In most, but not necessarily all cases, this appears to be a consequence of IgE-mediated cutaneous mast cell degranulation, i.e. a classical type I hypersensitivity response. In other patients with recurrent urticaria, the whealing may be provoked by foods by a much slower and more insidious reaction. This type of reaction has been established in the case of several common food additives, notably azo dyes, but other foods may be able to cause urticaria in a similar fashion. Foods appear to play an important provocative role in many patients with atopic eczema. The reaction in such cases appears to be slow and insidious, almost always unrecognized by the patient and not detected by skin testing or tests for IgE antibodies. There can be no real doubt that dietary gluten is responsible for most, if not all dermatitis herpetiformis, though this relationship was revealed only by the finding of concurrent and usually asymptomatic jejunal villous atrophy in affected individuals. The mechanisms responsible for the slow food reactions in urticaria, atopic eczema and dermatitis herpetiformis remain largely unknown, but are likely to be different in each case.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of skin disorders caused by food allergy. 639 Dec 91

Ingested food antigens rapidly cross the gastrointestinal barrier and reach pro-inflammatory cells in the skin. Food allergy provokes urticaria/angioedema by classical, Type I, IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. Food-induced atopic dermatitis is the result of non-classical, IgE-directed hypersensitivity involving resident mast cells, Langerhans cells, CD4+, TH2 lymphocytes and monocytes. A form of gluten sensitivity provokes a characteristic eczematous-like rash and enteropathy (Dermatitis herpetiformis).
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PMID:Mechanisms in adverse reactions to food. The skin. 774 Dec 2

The clinical presentation of certain dermatologic conditions differs between women and men; this may be especially true when women are perimenstrual or pregnant. Skin diseases that erupt or become aggravated during the perimenstrual period include autoimmune progesterone dermatitis and melasma. Dermatologic conditions that may be exacerbated perimenstrually include acne vulgaris, rosacea, lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, atopic eczema, lichen planus, dermatitis herpetiformis, erythema multiforme, and urticaria. The hormonal effects of increased cutaneous vascularity, seborrhea, and dermal edema during the perimenstrual period may account for the eruption of or increase in severity of these diseases. Clinical presentation, differential diagnoses, and treatment options for select cutaneous conditions are discussed.
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PMID:Clinician's Photo Guide To Recognizing and Treating Skin Diseases in Women: Part 1. Dermatoses Not Linked to Pregnancy. 974 12

Photosensitive disorders may be classified as those entirely caused by solar exposure and the photoaggravated disorders. Those in the former category include polymorphic light eruption, juvenile spring eruption, actinic prurigo, hydroa vacciniforme, solar urticaria, also chronic actinic dermatitis. Genodermatoses whose expression mainly depends on UV or light exposure include the DNA repair deficient disorders, some disorders of cornification, the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome and porphyria. Examples of photoaggravated diseases include lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, atopic eczema, psoriasis, viral exanthemata, pemphigus, dermatitis herpetiformis and rosacea. Drugs and chemicals may interact with UV to induce photosensitivity. In many of these diseases the action spectrum is known or may be determined by phototesting. Recognition of the reaction patterns associated with the photodermatoses greatly assists clinical classification of the photodermatoses.
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PMID:Diseases associated with photosensitivity. 1174 94

Cutaneous eruptions related to hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major cause of hepatitis in the setting of blood transfusion, intravenous drug abuse, organ transplantation, and hemodialysis, are typically reported as isolated cases. We encountered 35 cases of HCV infection associated with cutaneous eruptions. The present study evaluates paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin from biopsy specimens of skin lesions from 35 patients seropositive for HCV. In 20 cases, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using a probe for HCV RNA; the RNA was detected through the action of alkaline phosphatase on the chromogen nitroblue tetrazolium and bromochloroindolyl phosphate. The clinical spectrum comprised dermatomyositis-like photodistributed eruptions, palpable purpura, folliculitis, violaceous and perniotic acral lesions, ulcers, nodules, and urticaria. Lesions were also classified histopathologically by the dominant reaction pattern: vasculopathies of neutrophilic, lymphocytic, and granulomatous vasculitis and pauci-inflammatory subtypes (15 patients); palisading granulomatous inflammation (3 patients); sterile neutrophilic folliculitis (5 patients); dermatitis herpetiformis (1 patient); lobular panniculitis composed of neutrophilic lobular panniculitis in 2 patients and benign cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa in 1 patient; neutrophilic dermatoses, including neutrophilic urticaria, neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis, and pyoderma gangrenosum (3 patients); interface dermatitis (3 patients); and low-grade lymphoproliferative disease of B-cell lineage representing marginal zone lymphoma in 1 patient and a clonal plasmacellular infiltrate in another patient. In most cases, whereas 1 of the aforementioned disorders defined the dominant reaction pattern, there was an accompanying secondary reaction pattern, defining a hybrid picture. Endothelial changes including endothelial cell enlargement and effaced heterochromatin with margination of the chromatin to the nuclear membrane were seen in several cases; in some cases similar cytopathic changes also involved the supporting pericytes, eccrine ductular cells, or keratinocytes. The RT-PCR analyses in 8 of 20 cases examined revealed HCV RNA expression in a focal, weak fashion in endothelia and perivascular inflammatory cells in those cases showing vasculopathic changes. Viral parasitism of endothelia may be important in cutaneous lesional propagation in the setting of HCV infection. Cross-reactivity between endogenous and viral antigens, leading to cellular and/or type II immune reactions; viral tropism to B lymphocytes, resulting in B cell expansion with resultant autoantibody production; and circulating immune complexes containing monoclonal cryoglobulins may also be of pathogenetic importance. Tropism of the virus to B lymphocytes provides a mechanism for the development of low-grade clonal B cell lymphoproliferative disease in this setting.
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PMID:The dermatopathologic manifestations of hepatitis C infection: a clinical, histological, and molecular assessment of 35 cases. 1282 11

Childhood dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) is an immunobullous disease associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. This disease is rare in children and is typically characterized by intensely pruritic vesicles on the extensor surfaces. Definitive diagnosis of DH depends on the direct immunofluorescence finding of granular or fibrillar IgA deposits along the basement membrane zone of biopsied perilesional skin. We report an 11-year-old boy with an unusual presentation of DH characterized by a 7-month history of chronic urticaria-like skin lesions. He had evanescent, largely asymptomatic, urticarial wheals on his trunk, face, and extremities that were unresponsive to conventional therapy for urticaria. Skin biopsy specimen findings were consistent with DH and direct immunofluorescence of perilesional skin was diagnostic. The patient had no symptoms of gluten-sensitive enteropathy at the time of diagnosis, and his skin lesions rapidly cleared with dapsone therapy. This patient serves to highlight an unusual presentation of childhood DH and the need to consider this diagnosis when evaluating chronic urticarial lesions in children.
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PMID:Dermatitis herpetiformis presenting as chronic urticaria. 1546 64


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