Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042024 (incontinence)
 13,409 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Phenylpropanolamine, an alpha receptor stimulant, was found effective in 11 of 13 female and 6 of 7 male patients with sphincteric incontinence. In all the male patients except 1, the incontinence has followed prostatectomy. Side effects occurred in only 1 patient. As a rule, the benficial response depended on the therapy being continued. The results are consistent with the distribution of alpha receptors and their effect in the proximal urethra.
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PMID:Alpha-adrenergic agents in urinary disorders of the proximal urethra. Part I. Sphincteric incontinence. 3 72

Twenty-five women with stress incontinence of urine were given an alpha-adrenoceptor stimulating agent (norephedrine) and a placebo during respective 14-day periods according to a double-blind cross-over schedule. The results were classified as the patient's own assessment of therapeutic effect and as change in urethral closure pressure profile measured by a microtransducer catheter. Norephedrine had a significant therapeutic effect on the symptom stress incontinence and produced significant increase in maximum urethral pressure and maximum urethral closure pressure in the lithotomy and the erect position. Reduction of incontinence was associated with increase in maximum urethral closure pressure. The sum therapeutic effect was of moderate degree.
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PMID:The effects of long-term treatment with norephedrine on stress incontinence and urethral closure pressure profile. 35 81

Adrenergic nerves studied by a histochemical method were uniformly distributed along the whole extent of the male and female urethra. Corresponding to the adrenergic innervation a preponderance of contraction-mediating alpha-adrenoceptors was found in vitro studying urethral strips and in vivo recording the urethral closure pressure profile (UCPP). Norephedrine significantly reduced incontinence and increased UCPP in stress-incontinent women.
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PMID:Adrenergic innervation and adrenergic mechanisms. A study of the human urethra. 56 74

In children with myelodysplasia and a low-level spinal cord lesion (low lumbar-sacral), detrusor hyperactivity together with dyssynergic urethral function forms the main pathophysiological basis for incontinence. Pharmacological treatment of incontinence due to neurogenic bladder dysfunction has been tried, mainly with anticholinergics and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists. In this study, the effects of the alpha-adrenoceptor agonist phenylpropanolamine on urodynamic parameters and incontinence were investigated in 10 patients. Effects on incontinence were evaluated in a double-blind crossover trial. Plasma concentrations of phenylpropanolamine were measured by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phenylpropanolamine reduced detrusor hyperactivity and improved continence, but the effect was not so pronounced as to make the patients continent.
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PMID:Effect of phenylpropanolamine on incontinence in children with neurogenic bladders. A double-blind crossover study. 160 97

Urinary incontinence due to spaying is caused by a sphincter incompetence of the urethra. In practice the diagnosis is established by ruling out other causes of incontinence such as neurological disease, bacterial cystitis, urinary tract malformation, iatrogenic ureterovaginal fistula and neoplasia of the urinary tract. An accurate diagnosis of urethral sphincter incompetence is made by urethral pressure profilometry. A urethral closure pressure of 7.4 cm H2O allowed the differentiation of bitches with urinary incontinence, due to spaying, from healthy control dogs with a diagnostic accuracy of 91%. For therapy alpha-adrenergic drugs (Ephedrine or Phenylpropanolamine) are recommended, which result in continence in 74% and improvement in 24% of incontinent patients. In the absence of response estrogens may be used. If the medical therapy fails to achieve urinary continence, the endoscopic injection of collagen into the submucosa of the proximal urethra can be performed. This is a simple and minimally invasive procedure. It rarely leads to complications and may be repeated when necessary. The method is successful in 75% of cases.
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PMID:[Urinary incontinence in castrated bitches. 2. Diagnosis and treatment]. 928 Oct 63

In a multicentre, blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 50 dogs were treated for 28 days with either phenylpropanolamine or a placebo control. Each was given at a dose of one drop per 2 kg orally three times daily, equivalent to 1 mg/kg three times daily of phenylpropanolamine. Dogs that presented with clinical signs consistent with urinary sphincter mechanism incontinence were included in the study. They were examined on three occasions by the investigating veterinary surgeon. The frequency and volume of unconscious urination were scored by veterinary surgeons according to a pre-established scoring system. Phenylpropanolamine proved to be more effective than the placebo in regard to several parameters. At day 28, 85.7 per cent of phenylpropanolamine-treated cases had no episodes of unconscious urination compared with 33.3 per cent of placebo-treated cases. This was statistically significant. Few, mild side effects were seen in either group.
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PMID:Evaluation of phenylpropanolamine in the treatment of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the bitch. 1246 65

CASE DESCRIPTION A 9-year-old spayed female Dalmatian was examined because of progressive pelvic limb paraparesis. CLINICAL FINDINGS The dog had a history of chronic urinary incontinence and had been treated with phenylpropanolamine (PPA) for almost 8.5 years. Intervertebral disk disease at T12-13 was diagnosed, and a hemilaminectomy was performed. Three days after surgery, the dog developed a ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Severe left and mild right ventricular hypertrophy were detected by echocardiography. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The arrhythmia was controlled with sotalol. Phenylpropanolamine administration was discontinued immediately before surgery and was not resumed. Heart rate and rhythm and blood pressure were within reference limits, and the ventricular hypertrophy had almost completely resolved 5 months later. Sotalol administration was discontinued. Shortly after the 5-month recheck evaluation, PPA administration was resumed, albeit at a lower dosage than that before surgery, for control of urinary incontinence. At the 10-month recheck evaluation, the dog was hypertensive and ventricular hypertrophy had recurred. Discontinuation of PPA administration was recommended but not heeded. The dog developed marked azotemia 1.5 years after surgery, which was managed by the referring veterinarian, and was subsequently lost to follow-up. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The fact that the ventricular hypertrophy almost completely resolved when PPA administration was discontinued and then recurred after it was resumed strongly suggested the drug was an important contributing factor to the cardiac disease of this patient. Patients receiving PPA on a long-term basis should be frequently monitored for cardiac disease, and use of other adrenergic receptor agonists should be avoided in such patients.
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PMID:Myocardial hypertrophy associated with long-term phenylpropanolamine use in a dog. 3045 19