Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0042024 (incontinence)
 13,409 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Dysautonomia, or autonomic nervous system dysfunction, was diagnosed in a 1-year-old dog. Clinical signs of disease included diarrhea, vomiting, prolapse of nictitating membranes, and urinary incontinence. Bilateral keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia, and decreased anal sphincter tone were also observed. On the basis of response to atropine, results of intradermal histamine testing and gastric motility studies, and ocular response to parasympathomimetics and sympathomimetics (direct and indirect acting), autonomic nervous system function was determined to be abnormal. Treatment with metoclopramide hydrochloride and bethanechol chloride resulted in improved attitude, appetite, Schirmer tear test response, and decrease in frequency of vomiting within 24 hours. Bladder function and anal tone improved within 3 weeks.
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PMID:A syndrome resembling feline dysautonomia (Key-Gaskell syndrome) in a dog. 167 26

The clinical effectiveness and safety of terodiline hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride were studied on 51 patients with neurogenic bladder, stress incontinence, unstable bladder and others, the chief complaints of which were urinary frequency or urinary incontinence. Overall improvement was graded as marked in 6 patients (11.8%), moderate in 20 patients (39.2%), slight in 11 patients (21.6%), unchanged in 13 patients (25.5%) and aggravated in one. The patients impression was "good" or better in 56.9%. There were a total of 13 cases (25.5%) of adverse reactions, namely, 7 cases of finger tremor, 3 cases of dry mouth and others. These reactions disappeared rapidly after the discontinuance of drug administration. The clinical efficacy in the treatment of subjective symptoms was 71.4% for urinary incontinence, 56.4% for diurnal pollakisuria. The examination of lower urethral functions demonstrated a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in bladder capacity at first desire and maximum desire to void. However, we found no significant increase in urethral clossure pressure. The findings of this study suggest that terodiline hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride are very useful for the treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence.
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PMID:[Clinical studies of terodiline hydrochloride and clenbuterol hydrochloride for urinary frequency and incontinence]. 176 84

A clinical trial with the collaboration of 15 department of urology was performed to determine the usefulness of terodiline hydrochloride in 99 patients whose chief complaints were of pollakisuria or incontinence due to neurogenic bladder, psychogenic disease or chronic cystitis. The patients were orally given 24 mg once daily for 4 weeks. The final global improvement rate was 88.5% and the effective rates on subjective symptoms were; 66.2% for diurnal urinary frequency, 68.0% for nocturnal urinary frequency, 68.8% for urinary incontinence and 78.3% for nocturnal enuresis. Even for the cases having mild bladder outlet obstructive disease, the clinical effective rates were good. Mild side effects were observed in 10 patients, which were dry mouth and others. The results obtained from this trial suggest that terodiline hydrochloride may be useful for the treatment of urinary frequency and incontinence caused by detrusor instability.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of terodiline hydrochloride in patients with urinary frequency or incontinence]. 189 3

The major side effects of racemic oxybutynin (OXY), which is used in the treatment of urinary incontinence are dry mouth (xerostomia) and blurred vision (mydriasis). Highly purified enantiomers of OXY [(R)OXY, (S)OXY] were compared with the racemate both in vitro in functional studies and in vivo in guinea pigs to evaluate their pharmacological action relative to their adverse effects. The affinity of (R)OXY and (S)OXY for different muscarinic receptor subtypes was determined using field stimulated rabbit vas deferens (M1) and guinea pig atria (M2) or bladder (M3) strips. Stereoselective antimuscarinic effects [(R)OXY greater than or equal to (R/S) OXY much greater than (S)OXY] were evident at all three receptor subtypes; the isomeric ratio [(S)OXY/(R)OXY] ranged from 12 to 88. Both (R)OXY and (R/S)OXY were slightly more selective (2-4-fold, P less than .01) for M1 and M3 relative to M2 muscarinic receptors. Stereoselectivity was also evident in vivo for volume-induced urinary bladder contractions as measured by cystometrogram parameters [(S)OXY/(R)OXY approximately 21], mydriasis [(S)OXY/(R)OXY approximately 136] and salivary gland secretory responses [(S)OXY/(R)OXY approximately 30]. The absolute potencies of (R)OXY or (R/S)OXY for mydriasis and salivation were similar to those for inhibition of intravesical bladder pressure. Also, (R)OXY and (R/S)OXY equipotently antagonized cholinergic-mediated CNS effects in mice. Collectively, the data suggest that the activity of (R/S)OXY resides predominantly in the (R)-enantiomer. However, it appears that (R)OXY may offer no significant pharmacological advantage over (R/S)OXY in terms of its principal therapeutic and side effect profile.
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PMID:Enantiomers of oxybutynin: in vitro pharmacological characterization at M1, M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors and in vivo effects on urinary bladder contraction, mydriasis and salivary secretion in guinea pigs. 199 95

The effects and the safety of oxybutynin hydrochloride were investigated in 52 patients, 17 male and 35 female, with the chief complaints of pollakisuria, urgency and urinary incontinence. Clinical responses to the drug were assessed mainly by the subjective symptoms of the patients. The diagnoses of these patients were neurogenic bladder in 17, unstable bladder in 16 and others in 19 patients. The average administration period was 66.8 days. The rate of global improvement (excellent and good) was 55% in the 2 mg dose given 3 times daily group, 68.2% in the 3 mg dose given 3 times daily group. Side effects, such as dry mouth, were observed in 2 of the 52 patients (3.8%), but no serious side effects were observed. The rate of global utility (remarkable and moderate) was 67.3%. These data indicate that oxybutynin hydrochloride seems to be useful and safe for the treatment of pollakisuria, urgency and urinary incontinence.
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PMID:[Clinical effects of oxybutynin hydrochloride (Pollakis)--especially in the treatment of pollakisuria, urgency and urinary incontinence]. 207 88

The clinical effectiveness and safety of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4, 20 mg tablet) were studied on 29 patients with nervous pollakisuria, neurogenic bladder or unstable bladder, whose chief complaints were urinary frequency and/or urinary incontinence. The clinical efficacy was "good" or better in 62.1% and "fair" or better in 86.2%. Patients' impressions were "good" or better in 79.3%. There were a total of 4 cases (13.8%) of adverse reactions, namely, two cases of decreased urinary stream, one dry mouth, and one dizziness. These reactions disappeared rapidly after the completion or discontinuance of drug administration, and therefore, did not constitute significant safety problems. The clinical efficacy in the treatment of subjective symptoms was 74.1% for diurnal pollakisuria, 50.0% for nocturnal pollakisuria, 83.3% for urinary incontinence and 69.0% for urgent feeling of micturition. For objective symptoms, P-4 increased significantly the volume of maximum desire to void (MDV); however it did not increase significantly the residual urine volume. The results of this study suggest that propiverine hydrochloride is very useful for the treatment of urinary frequency and/or incontinence.
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PMID:[Experience in the use of propiverine hydrochloride (P-4) for patients suffering from urinary frequency and/or incontinence]. 237 10

The efficacy and safety of long-term administration of oxybutynin hydrochloride in patients with neurogenic bladder and unstable bladder, who complained of urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence, and whose bladder was proved to be uninhibited, reflex, and/or low compliant, were studied at the multi-center hospitals, and the following results were obtained. This study comprised 149 cases but 8 of them were excluded because of the incomplete protocol. Thus, 141 cases (104 neurogenic bladder patients, 33 unstable bladder patients and 4 others) were investigated. The daily dosage of Oxybutynin hydrochloride ranged from 1 to 18 mg, and averaged at 6.6 mg. Since a small daily dosage of 3 mg was administered in 32 cases to examine the minimum effective dosage of the drug, the low average dosage possibly resulted. The clinical optimal dosage seemed to be more than 6.6 mg. The average period of administration in all cases was 161.7 days (1-336 days), and the drug was discontinued in 46 cases (33.6%) on average 62.1 days (1-141 days). The rate of global improvement by this drug estimated at the time of completion was found to be 65.6% with excellent and good and 87.8% with excellent, good and fair. The efficacy of this drug was stable and not decreased during the long-term test period. As to the objective findings studied before, during and after the drug administration, cystometric bladder capacity was significantly increased both first desire to void and the total capacity. Voided volume and residual urine were also increased, but there was no change in the rate of residual urine. Side effects were observed in 37 (26.2%) of 141 cases, and mainly gastrointestinal signs such as dry mouth and constipation. Urological signs such as dysuria and urinary retention were experienced in 8 cases. Regarding the findings of laboratory tests, there were no abnormality except for small changes of some items in normal range. Six children who were younger than 15 years old were subjected to this study. The results of evaluation were similar to those obtained on adults and no side effects were observed. From these findings, oxybutynin hydrochloride is considered an effective and useful drug in patients suffering from neurogenic bladder and unstable bladder with over active bladder condition.
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PMID:[Effects of long-term administration of oxybutynin hydrochloride (KL007) for the treatment of neurogenic bladder and unstable bladder]. 265 13

Twenty-four incontinent elderly institutionalized subjects with detrusor instability participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of oxybutynin chloride. Patients were randomly assigned to oral oxybutynin 5 mg or placebo twice daily. Administration continued for 8 days; a 6-day washout period was followed by the alternative treatment. Incontinence was recorded using a bedside electronic monitor. Four subjects withdrew because of side-effects before completing the trial. There were no clinically significant differences between the oxybutynin and placebo treatments. Both groups experienced side-effects, of which dry mouth was the commonest. Thus, oxybutynin does not appear to be more effective than placebo for the treatment of incontinence in the presence of detrusor instability in elderly institutionalized people.
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PMID:Oxybutynin chloride for geriatric urinary dysfunction: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. 231 27

Clinical effects of oxybutynin hydrochloride on lower urinary tract function at a dosage of 2 mg given orally three times daily (6 mg/day), were studied on 10 patients with neurogenic bladder by cystometry and measurement of residual urine. There was a significant increase, of about 34% in FDV, but no significant changes in MBV, or maximum voiding pressure of residual urine after administration. Urinary frequency, incontinence and urgency in subjective symptoms were decreased in patients given this drug. The effective rate (excellent and good) was 50% in global evaluation. Side effects were observed in 4 out of 10 patients; 3 had dry mouth and 1 had diarrhea. There were no serious side effects. These findings suggested that oxybutynin hydrochloride may be a useful drug for neurogenic bladder.
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PMID:[Clinical effects of oxybutynin hydrochloride on neurogenic bladder]. 353 26

The clinical effect of terodiline hydrochloride (TD-758) was studied in 95 patients with nervous pollakisuria or irritative bladder. TD-758 was given per os randomly at a dose of 24 mg or 12 mg once a day for 4 weeks. The symptoms such as urinary frequency, urinary incontinence and sense of residual urine were improved in 74% of the patients taking 24 mg, and in 51% of the patients taking 12 mg. The difference was statistically significant. Side effects such as dry mouth, constipation and heart burn were observed in 15% of the patients in each group and were not serious. The results of this study indicate that TD-758 is useful for these patients and its optimal dosage is 24 mg once a day.
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PMID:[Clinical effect of terodiline hydrochloride on nervous pollakisuria or irritative bladder]. 359 95


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