Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0042024 (incontinence)
 13,409 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nineteen cases of feline congenital urinary incontinence (10 cats with ureteral ectopia and nine with incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism) are reviewed. The 10 cats with ureteral ectopia are considered together with 13 from previous reports. There was no apparent breed predisposition. Most of the 23 cats were presented for urinary incontinence but two of them were continent. Thirteen were females and ectopia was unilateral in 13 and bilateral in 10. Twenty-eight of 31 ectopic ureters terminated in the urethra. The commonest complication was hydroureter/hydronephrosis (10 cases). Eighteen of the cats were treated surgically, 13 by ureteral transplantation, four by ureteronephrectomy and one by ligation of the renal blood vessels; 16 of them were cured by surgery. Congenital urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence has not been reported previously in the cat. Nine cases are presented and the urethras of all were markedly hypoplastic. A common concomitant abnormality was vaginal aplasia, with the uterine horns terminating in the dorsum of the bladder. Bacteriuria was more common in this group than in the cats with ureteral ectopia.
Vet Rec 1992 May 16
PMID:Congenital urinary incontinence in cats: a review of 19 cases. 162 41

The differential diagnosis of canine urinary incontinence is discussed. Where appropriate, comparisons are made to similar causes of incontinence in the cat.
Vet Rec 1990 Oct 06
PMID:Urinary incontinence in dogs and cats. 1087 92

Bladder paralysis and sabulous urolithiasis were diagnosed in 10 horses with urinary incontinence. Additional neurological deficits in the hindquarters were detected in five of them. Treatment by catheter drainage and bladder lavage was unsuccessful, and all the horses were destroyed within 14 months of presentation. Neuritis of the cauda equina was diagnosed post mortem in one horse, but the cause of the paralysis was not identified in the others, although radiography revealed abnormal lumbosacral vertebral angulation in one case.
Vet Rec 1990 Aug 04
PMID:Ten cases of bladder paralysis associated with sabulous urolithiasis in horses. 221 31

Ten bitches with urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism were treated with phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride at a dose of either 1 mg/kg orally three times daily or 2 mg/kg orally once daily in a prolonged release formulation. The signs of incontinence resolved in all the bitches, and improvements were maintained over periods ranging from one to more than two years, except in one bitch which became refractory to treatment after three months. One bitch which was inadvertently treated at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/kg showed signs of lethargy and inappetence but returned to normal when the dose rate was reduced.
Vet Rec 1989 Nov 04
PMID:Phenylpropanolamine: an alpha-adrenergic agent for the management of urinary incontinence in the bitch associated with urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. 259 66

The case histories of 175 dogs with ureteral ectopia were reviewed; there were 156 females and 19 males. Golden retrievers, labrador retrievers and Skye terriers appeared to be over-represented. Their median age when examined was 10 months, and the males were significantly older than the females. Fifty-six animals were affected bilaterally, 50 were affected on the left side alone and 69 on the right side alone. One hundred and twenty-two cases had other abnormalities and 67 had more than one; they included hydro-ureter, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, bladder hypoplasia and congenital incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Forty-one cases were not treated, and the other 134 were treated by ureteronephrectomy, extravesicular ureteric transplantation or intravesicular ureteric transplantation. One hundred and twelve cases were available for follow-up for a median period of over two years (range one month to 15 years). The response to surgery and the incidence of complications was similar after each method of treatment. Sixty-five of the 112 cases were cured of incontinence and 26 were improved. The complication rate (14 per cent overall) was similar for each procedure although different types of complications occurred. Hydronephrosis occurred most commonly after extravesicular transplantation and dysuria occurred most commonly after intravesicular transplantation.
Vet Rec 1995 Apr 08
PMID:Canine ureteral ectopia: an analysis of 175 cases and comparison of surgical treatments. 761 May 37

Urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism was diagnosed in five neutered female dogs. After poor clinical responses to medical treatment, the five bitches were managed by a combination of colposuspension and sling urethroplasty. No major complications developed, although three bitches voided small volumes of urine more frequently for the first few days after surgery. The response to surgery was considered excellent in the two dogs which became continent and poor in the three which did not. In one of the dogs which responded poorly, the incontinence resolved after a revision of the colposuspension part of the procedure, and in the other two the incontinence became more responsive to medical management. The addition of a sling urethroplasty to colposuspension appeared to have little beneficial effect.
Vet Rec 1994 Jan 08
PMID:Management of urinary incontinence in five bitches with incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism by colposuspension and a modified sling urethroplasty. 813 6

The association in bitches between breed, size, neutering and docking, and acquired incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism was investigated. Observational studies were conducted on referred and first-opinion cases of hormonal urinary incontinence and on referred, confirmed cases of incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism. Large and giant breeds were at high risk, whereas small breeds were at low risk. Specific breeds at high risk were the old english sheep-dog, rottweiler, dobermann pinscher, weimaraner and Irish setter. The labrador retriever had a relatively low risk. There was also a positive association between docking and neutering, and the two conditions.
Vet Rec 1993 Aug 21
PMID:Association in bitches between breed, size, neutering and docking, and acquired urinary incontinence due to incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism. 823 12

Incompetence of the urethral sphincter mechanism is uncommon in male dogs. This paper reviews 54 cases. As in the bitch, the condition can occur either as a congenital or as an acquired condition, in which neutering may play a part; larger breeds appear to be at greater risk. Incontinence is more likely to occur when the intra-abdominal pressure might be expected to increase, for example when the dog is recumbent. In comparison with the bitch, the condition appears less likely to respond to medical therapy and its pathophysiology is poorly understood.
Vet Rec 1996 Nov 30
PMID:Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in male dogs: a retrospective analysis of 54 cases. 896 24

Possible correlations were investigated between the clinical and urodynamic findings in 77 neutered female dogs with urinary incontinence refractory to standard medical management. The clinical data used in the analysis were age, bodyweight, breed, the characteristics of the dribbling of urine and whether it developed before or after neutering, the type of response to previous treatments, signs of polyuria/polydipsia, and the results of urinalysis and culture. In 50 of the dogs, a standardised contrast radiographic examination was made to locate the neck of the bladder and to assess the morphology of the bladder. These findings were analysed for their correlation with the results of multichannel urethral pressure profilometry and diuresis cysto-urethrometry. Logistic regression analysis revealed that neither the clinical nor the radiographic findings could predict any of the abnormal urodynamic findings. Functional abnormalities of the bladder, such as a low compliance, detrusor instability, or a low bladder capacity may therefore be particularly difficult to detect in dogs with urinary incontinence.
Vet Rec 1999 Jul 03
PMID:Clinical and radiographic findings compared with urodynamic findings in neutered female dogs with refractory urinary incontinence. 1045 91

The aim of our study was to provide quantitative data on pudendal motor neuron cell bodies and axons in the female rat. To confirm earlier studies, fluorescent retrograde tracers were used to label the motor neurons for correlation with myelinated axon counts along the length of the motor pudendal nerve. The external urethral sphincter of female rats was injected with diamidino yellow and the external anal sphincter with fast blue. The L(6) spinal cord revealed labeled motor neurons. Those in the dorsolateral column (60.8 +/- 10.6) had nuclei labeled yellow from the external urethral sphincter and those in the dorsomedial column (31.7 +/- 8.5) had cytoplasm labeled blue from the external anal sphincter. Double labeling was not present, suggesting that pudendal motor neurons in each column innervate separate sphincters. The motor pudendal nerve in the ischiorectal fossa was also characterized by light microscopy. The mean myelinated axon count (151.4 +/- 17.0) was highly correlated (r = 0.995) in the proximal fascicles and the sum of distal fascicles. This indicated that myelinated axons do not branch at the point where the main motor pudendal nerve branches into separate fascicles. Axon counts between sides were not as well correlated (r = 0.883). The ratio of motor neurons to myelinated axons is 56%, suggesting that some myelinated axons either innervate other muscles or are sensory. This reproducible characterization of the normal pudendal nerve anatomy provides an excellent basis for experimental studies associated with pudendal nerve denervation as a model for neurogenic incontinence.
Anat Rec 2002 01 01
PMID:Motor pudendal nerve characterization in the female rat. 1174 68


1 2 Next >>