Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the mast cell degranulator Compound 48/80 (2.5-2.0 micrograms/kg) produced a marked behavioral syndrome in normotensive rats. The behaviors included head and body shakes, paw tremor, excessive grooming, unusual posture and gait, mild diarrhoea, piloerection, extreme agitation and irritability to touch, and a later phase of sedation. The highest doses (15 and 20 micrograms/kg) also produced catalepsy and episodes of "barrel rolling" (continuous rolling of 1-8 turns around the longitudinal axis). These behaviors were observed for approximately 15-30 min although the sedation and catalepsy were maintained for 90-120 min. A second ICV injection of the 10 micrograms/kg dose of Compound 48/80 given 2 hr after an initial injection of this dose, produced a much reduced response and the numbers of head and body shakes, and episodes of paw tremor and grooming were between 20-30% of those produced by the first injection. The reduced effect of the second injection indicates that the behavioral effects of Compound 48/80 may arise from the acute degranulation of mast cells rather than direct effects on neuronal populations or the cerebral vasculature.
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PMID:Acute intracerebroventricular injections of the mast cell degranulator compound 48/80 and behavior in rats. 278 Jul 92

The intracerebroventricular injection of the mast cell degranulator, compound 48/80 (C48/80, 10 micrograms/kg), produced a marked behavioural syndrome in rats which included head and body shakes, paw tremor, excessive grooming, unusual posture and gait, mild diarrhoea, piloerection, extreme agitation and irritability to touch, sedation and catatonia. Fifteen minutes after C48/80, the histamine concentrations were decreased significantly in all brain regions examined, i.e. the cortex, cerebellum, midbrain, medulla oblongata-pons (MO-P) and hypothalamus. The noradrenaline (NA) concentrations were decreased in the cerebellum, hypothalamus and MO-P, whereas the dopamine (DA) content was decreased in the MO-P only. The concentrations of serotonin were not affected. As such, the behaviours following the acute degranulation of brain mast cells by C48/80 may result predominantly from the release of histamine and possibly NA and DA.
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PMID:The effects of intracerebroventricular administration of compound 48/80 on behaviour and regional brain amine concentrations in the rat. 370 80

Among the allergic disorders we emphasize the inflammatory diseases of the inferior respiratory tract by their incidence, repercussion in daily activities, and by their high cost of medical attention. For their treatment, they require more than one inhaled or systemic drug. Current medicines tend to have adverse or secondary effects, such as: osteoporosis, type 3 diabetes mellitus, tremor or tachycardia. New medicines are being developed with less adverse or secondary effects, and much more selective and specific in the molecules involved in the allergic disease's physiopathology. Among them we find pascolizumab, which inhibits the differentiation made to Th2, as well as the citokines production. Other drugs are: mepolizumab, monoclonal antibody antiCD23, and the selective inhibitor of IgE (AJP13358) Rhu-Mab-E25. Currently, they are being developed some new drugs, such as SB-207499 (SKB) and LAS 31025, which are selective inhibitors of fosfodiesterase. Within the currently studied medicines that offer high specificity to inhibit the synthesis of interleukines we emphasize the presence of humanized monoclonal antibodies antireceptor IL-4. The anti IL-5 (SB-240563) is administered in asthmatic patients to reduce eosinofilia in expectoration. Tosilate of suplatast is a selective IL-4 and IL-5 inhibitor. Ramatroban (BAY or 3405) is an antagonist of the tromboxane A2 receptor, which reduces the inflammatory process of the nasal mucose without hemodynamic effects. Immunotherapy with peptides avoids the response of IgE by the allergen, without mast cell degranulation.
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PMID:[Current and future approaches for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of inferior respiratory tract]. 1697 Jan 11

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases the risk of severe or fatal anaphylaxis, and some medications for CVD treatment can exacerbate anaphylaxis. The aim of this article is to review the effect of anaphylaxis on the heart, the potential impact of medications for CVD on anaphylaxis and anaphylaxis treatment, and the cardiovascular effects of epinephrine. The therapeutic dilemmas arising from these issues are also discussed and management strategies proposed. PubMed searches were performed for the years 1990-2014 inclusive, using terms such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, adrenaline, allergic myocardial infarction, anaphylaxis, angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs), beta-adrenergic blockers, epinephrine, and Kounis syndrome. Literature analysis indicated that: cardiac mast cells are key constituents of atherosclerotic plaques; mast cell mediators play an important role in acute coronary syndrome (ACS); patients with CVD are at increased risk of developing severe or fatal anaphylaxis; and medications for CVD treatment, including beta-adrenergic blockers and ACE inhibitors, potentially exacerbate anaphylaxis or make it more difficult to treat. Epinephrine increases myocardial contractility, decreases the duration of systole relative to diastole, and enhances coronary blood flow. Its transient adverse effects include pallor, tremor, anxiety, and palpitations. Serious adverse effects (including ventricular arrhythmias and hypertension) are rare, and are significantly more likely after intravenous injection than after intramuscular injection. Epinephrine is life-saving in anaphylaxis; second-line medications (including antihistamines and glucocorticoids) are not. In CVD patients (especially those with ACS), the decision to administer epinephrine for anaphylaxis can be difficult, and its benefits and potential harms need to be carefully considered. Concerns about potential adverse effects need to be weighed against concerns about possible death from untreated anaphylaxis, but there is no absolute contraindication to epinephrine injection in anaphylaxis.
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PMID:Anaphylaxis and cardiovascular disease: therapeutic dilemmas. 2658 55