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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microneurographic studies were made of normal human muscle spindle afferent activity to evaluate the role played by these endings, and by the segmental stretch reflex, in various types of physiological tremor. Primary endings are sufficiently sensitive to respond to the minute tremulous movements normally seen in contracting muscles. Human muscle spindle endings appear to possess the same non-linear sensitivity to small stretches as has been reported for cat muscle spindles. The findings also support the notion that the segmental stretch reflex plays an important role in enhanced physiological tremor, in so far as it tends to synchronize the motor outflow in such a way as to produce rhythmical contractions properly timed to reinforce the mechanical resonant properties of muscle spindle endings, the stretch reflex also serves to damp the larger oscillations of finger or hand which result from a brisk tap or muscle twitch. There is no evidence for alpha-gamma co-activation in these enhanced physiological tremors.
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PMID:Participation of the stretch reflex in human physiological tremor. 49 3

The stability of captopril in tap water was studied. Twenty 25-mg captopril tablets were crushed separately, added to 25 mL of tap water in individual volumetric flasks, and shaken vigorously. Five flasks each were incubated at 25, 50, and 75 degrees C in a shaking water bath and refrigerated at 5 degrees C. Samples were taken from each flask immediately after dissolving the drug and at intervals up to 28 days for 5 and 25 degrees C, 15 days for 50 degrees C, and 16 days for 75 degrees C. Captopril concentrations were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. First-order rate constants were calculated for each temperature setting, and the Arrhenius plot was applied to estimate the shelf life of captopril at 5 degrees C. More than 90% of the initial concentration of captopril remained after 28 days at 5 degrees C. Captopril concentration in the samples stored at 75, 50, and 25 degrees C decreased to 90% of the initial concentration at calculated times (mean +/- S.E.) of 2.1 +/- 0.1, 3.6 +/- 0.4, and 11.8 +/- 1.2 days, respectively. The estimated time required for the concentration of a 1-mg/mL solution of captopril stored at 5 degrees C to decrease to 90% of initial concentration was 27 days. The shelf life of a solution of captopril 1 mg/mL in tap water stored at 5 degrees C was 27 days.
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PMID:Stability of captopril in tap water. 159 37

The radiometric method has been used for detection of coliform bacteria in water. The method is based on measuring the released metabolic 14CO2 from 14C-lactose in growth media containing coliform organisms incubated at 37 degrees C under continuous shaking. This rapid and sensitive radiometric method permits the detection of even single coliform organisms within 6 hours of incubation. Using this automated method, a total of 102 samples (in duplicate) collected from different areas in and around Rawalpindi and Islamabad were assessed for coliform bacteria. Of these 102 samples, 50 were tap water samples, 40 from wells and 6 each were from Rawal and Simly dams. About 47% and 67% tap water samples, while 62% and 74% well water samples were found unsatisfactory from around Islamabad and Rawalpindi areas, respectively. About 83% and 66% water samples from Rawal dam and Simly dam respectively were found to be unsatisfactory.
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PMID:Detection of coliform organisms in drinking water by radiometric method. 192 Jul 60

The concentration of dissolved insecticides in aqueous media was determined by chromatographic separation on polyurethane foam columns. The results of preliminary screening tests on the removal of insecticides by the unloaded polyurethane foam indicated that a reasonable percentage of the insecticides was retained on the foam. Therefore attempts were made to extract these compounds from aqueous media using foam columns. Various parameters affecting the retention and separation of these compounds were studied, including temperature, flow-rate, pH, insecticide concentration, shaking time, sample volume and eluting solvent. The complete separation and quantitative recovery of these compounds from the foam with acetone in a Soxhlet extractor were achieved. The method can be used to preconcentrate insecticides in tap water and modified to determine dissolved insecticides in industrial and natural waters. Polyurethane foam has a good capacity for use when large volume samples need to be handled and is an inexpensive sorbent compared to other known solid sorbents.
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PMID:Removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solution. V. Comparative study of the extraction, recovery and chromatographic separation of some organic insecticides using unloaded polyurethane foam columns. 193 39

When given a two-bottle choice between gradually increasing morphine concentrations (in 0.2% saccharin) and plain tap water, C57BL/6J mice consumed almost 90% of their daily fluid intake from the morphine-saccharin bottle, while the DBA/2J strain, in contrast, consumed 13% or less from the morphine-saccharin solution. The C57BL/6J strain consistently consumed mean daily doses of morphine sulfate in excess of 200 mg/kg, which was sufficient to induce an easily discernable withdrawal syndrome upon removal of the morphine solution, either with or without naloxone challenge. Hypothermia, tremor, wet dog shakes, jumping, and diarrhea were prominent withdrawal signs. In separate experiments, the saccharin was removed from the morphine-containing bottle, yet the C57BL/6J mice continued to prefer the morphine solution over tap water. In complete contrast to the above, mice of the DBA/2J strain rejected the morphine-saccharin solution at the lowest concentration employed, and at no time did their mean daily morphine dose exceed 20 mg/kg. Thus, morphine-saccharin preference is strongly genetically determined, and a high degree of physical dependence can result in the morphine-preferring strain. Palatability differences appear not to be the predominant explanation for these differences in morphine-saccharin consumption.
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PMID:Physical dependence induced by the voluntary consumption of morphine in inbred mice. 232 Jun 38

A 63-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with tremor and somnolence, followed soon by coma. Anemia and retinal bleeding were observed. The blood smear exhibited rouleaux formation and leukoerythroblastosis. A bone marrow aspiration resulted in dry tap. The biopsy specimens revealed remarkable infiltration of myeloma cells with fibrosis. The M-component of IgG-lambda type and hyper-ammonemia were detected in the serum. Liver and renal functions, however, were within normal range. His consciousness recovered after plasmapheresis. Two courses of VMCP (vincristine, melphalan, carboquone and prednisolone) did not affect the paraproteinemia. Five courses of VAD (vincristine, adriamycin and dexamethasone) could lower the level of IgG. He died of pneumonia. The plasma of some patients with multiple myeloma may contain unidentified factors which increase the plasma ammonia.
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PMID:[Coma, hyperviscosity syndrome, hyperammonemia and myelofibrosis in a patient with IgG, lambda type multiple myeloma]. 250 73

The large-scale mail questionnaire is a useful tool in epidemiological investigation and will probably come into wider use in the search for an environmental cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). To determine the validity of mail questionnaires in patients with PD, we administered a 17-item questionnaire by in-person interview, as a standard, to 68 patients (and/or a relative when necessary) and compared the results with the same questionnaire mailed at least 1 month before or after the interview. Questions in three formats requested recall of the clinical course and past environmental factors. Each patient also completed a multiple-choice physical self-assessment (a modification of four items on the Columbia Scale) immediately before seeing the neurologist, who completed the same form after the examination. Percent of patients with zero discordance between mail and interview responses averaged 52% for the nine fill-in-a-year items, 53% for the three list-generation items. Kappa statistics for the five multiple-choice items, which each offered four choices, averaged 0.67 (range 0.40-0.89). Kappa for the physical examination items, each rated on a 0-3 scale, was finger-tap 0.12, gait 0.34, tremor 0.35, and chorea 0.20. Patients' ratings tended to be more severe than neurologists' ratings. We conclude that mail surveys in PD should either be avoided or rigorously pretested for validity.
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PMID:Validity of a mailed epidemiological questionnaire and physical self-assessment in Parkinson's disease. 319 62

The study concerns symptoms and behavioral characteristics induced by MPTP in a 20-year-old Macaca cynomolgus fascicularis, their evolution over 7 months, and the animal's response to 1-dopa treatment. The symptoms which the animal developed include those that have been described earlier in Macaca mulatta and Saimiri sciureus, i.e., rigidity, action tremor, postural tremor, postural flexion, hypokinesia, and bradykinesia. In addition, however, the animal developed a 3.8 Hz resting tremor which in humans is pathognomonic of Parkinson's disease, as well as cogwheeling, the glabellar tap sign, drooling, impaired ability to relax, and many other symptoms. Also unlike previously described MPTP monkeys, the animal's symptoms neither improved spontaneously, nor did they remain stable shortly after MPTP injection. Instead, symptoms steadily progressed to reach a severe status 2 months after MPTP, and further progression was apparent after another 5 months. Therapeutic responses to 1-dopa required accumulation of or kindling by the 100 mg unit doses that were spaced 4 hr apart, were often organized in time as ON episodes that alternated with OFF episodes, and were associated with dyskinesias and bizarre behavior. Of particular interest is that the animal showed kinesia paradoxa which, in humans, constitutes a feature that is unique to Parkinson's disease among the extrapyramidal disorders. In addition to available evidence, the present findings validate the syndrome induced by MPTP in monkey as an animal analogue of Parkinson's disease. Taxonomic category, age, and the occurrence of shock in response to MPTP are discussed as variables that may possibly co-determine the pathology which MPTP may induce in monkey.
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PMID:Symptoms and behavioral features induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in an old Java monkey [Macaca cynomolgus fascicularis (Raffles)]. 348 98

A 38-year-old man was admitted to Iwakuni National Hospital on July 6, 1978, with the complaints of difficulty seeing and walking. Two weeks before admission, he first experienced dizziness and it slowly progressed to uncontrollable tremor-like movements of the whole body. On admission, he was alert, oriented and afebrile. He had not experienced nausea, vomiting nor headache. He showed irregular horizontal oscillations of the eyes. Electronystagmographic study showed that this jerky eye movement appeared especially with changes of fixation of the eyes. It was also recorded during conjugate eye movement, and while he closed his eyes. He was ataxic, unable to walk, but no other abnormalities in cerebellar functions were observed. Spinal tap was performed and yielded watery clear cerebrospinal fluid containing 9/mm3 mononuclear cells. Clonazepam was given, 1.5 mg per day, for three days followed by doses of 3 mg per day. Improvement in walking was observed one week after starting the medication, when reserpine was started at a dose of 1 mg per day and increased to a dose of 1.5 mg per day in three days. One week after starting reserpine, opsoclonus improved markedly and he became able to read again. He was discharged home on September 3, 1978. Six months after admission, reserpine was decreased to 0.5 mg per day. Difficulty in reading developed within a month. Reserpine was given 1.0 mg per day and the doses was continuously given for next three months. One year after admission, he is back to his former occupation without medication. He complains of slight difficulty in reading for more than an hour, and in watching TV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Opsoclonus-polymyoclonia syndrome suppressed with reserpine]. 371 80

Observations on wrist tremor have been made in the horizontal plane using a tremorograph of new design. A small tap to the hand gave rise to a decrementing series of oscillations at about 9 Hz; as these effects were seen in relaxed and in anaesthetised subjects they were not due to neural reflexes. With the fingers partially extended the spontaneous tremor increased markedly and taps again gave rise to a series of oscillations. Under these circumstances there was no modulation of the EMG. It is accordingly concluded that mechanical wrist resonance plays a major role in the forms of tremor studied.
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PMID:Passive mechanical properties of the wrist and physiological tremor. 373 24


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