Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Propagules of Rhizoctonia solani grown in modified Czapek's medium containing sodium polypectate or carboxymethyl cellulose as a sole carbon source produced both extracellular and cell-bound polygalacturonase (PG), and cellulase (Cx), respectively. The cell-bound enzymes can be released to various extents by shaking the germinating propagules in solutions of NaCl, KCl, phosphate buffer, Na2EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate), detergents such as Triton X-100 (octyl phenoxypolyethoxyethanol), Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), Celmusol, and distilled water. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) inactivated both PG and Cx but did no affect Cx activity in phosphate buffer solution. PG was more easily released by salts from the mycelium of R. solani than Cx. The release of both enzymes was a passive process and was not due to an osmotic effect. The amount of the cell-bound fraction was correlated with the total amount of the extracellular fraction rather than with the mycelial growth. At least one-third of the cell-bound fractions of both enzymes was found to be associated with the cell wall fraction of the mycelium.
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PMID:Release of cell-bound polygalacturonase and cellulase from mycelium of Rhizoctonia solani. 80 41

The bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against two strains of M. avium complex 13008 (serotype 20) and 13016 (serotype 4), was observed using modified Dubos liquid medium (1.3 g of Dubos Broth Base (Difco) in 180 mil of distilled water plus 20 ml of bovine serum). The strains were most susceptible to antituberculosis drugs among M. avium complex strains (Table). The test strains were cultivated in Ogawa egg medium at 37 degrees C for 10 days, and growing colonies were homogenized by shaking with glass beads for 10 minutes and suspended in the modified Dubos liquid medium to a concentration of 2 mg wet weight per ml. The media containing drug and containing no drug were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hours under shaking (8 cm-moving range and 56 strokes per minute). After incubation, the medium was diluted by a 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution to 10(-7), and each 0.02 ml-sample of 10(-4) to 10(-7) suspensions was inoculated onto Ogawa egg medium. The Ogawa egg medium slants were incubated at 37 degrees C for 28 days, and the number of colonies was counted. The bactericidal activity was determined as a ratio of the number of colony-forming units in 10 ml-aliquot of drug-containing Dubos liquid medium against the number of colony-forming units in the control Dubos liquid medium. The results are shown in Figures 1 and 2. Under the condition tested, rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, ethionamide and cycloserine did not exhibit any bactericidal activity, and only streptomycin and enviomycin exhibited bactericidal activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Bactericidal activity of antituberculosis drugs against Mycobacterium avium complex]. 231 66

1. Liquid-associated bacteria (LAB) were harvested from the liquid phase (LAB1) and from the solid phase of rumen contents after washing and manual shaking (LAB2). Solid-adherent bacteria (SAB) were recovered after washing and pummelling the total particles (SAB1). The distribution and the chemical composition of these three bacterial compartments were investigated in four dairy cows fitted with rumen fistulas. The animals received successively a diet consisting of one part hay and one part barley-based concentrate (diet C) and the same diet containing free soya-bean oil (79 g/kg dry matter (DM); diet So). 2. The efficiency of removal of SAB1 from total particles of rumen digesta collected 1 h after feeding, was calculated from the diaminopimelic acid content in particles and of the corresponding detached bacteria. It was 24% on diet C and 18% on diet So (P less than 0.05), using a combination of homogenizing and 'stomaching' treatments in saline (9 g sodium choloride/1) (reference treatment). For diets C and So respectively it was lowered by Tween in saline solution (1 g/l; 22.7 and 17.8%, not significant), but was increased when using a previous chilling (6 h at 4 degrees) of homogenized particles before stomaching in saline (28.8 and 24.7%, P less than 0.05) and in Tween 80 in saline (1 g/l; 26.6 and 20.8%, P less than 0.05). 3. The extent of removal of SAB1 from the solid fraction of rumen digesta by the reference treatment decreased with decreasing particle size; it was at the highest for particles retained on 4 and 2 mm sieves (62.1-82.1%) and still elevated for particles retained on 0.8, 0.4 and 0.1 mm sieves (41.3-57.9%). It was very much reduced for particles smaller than 0.1 mm (11.7-14.5%), suggesting the occurrence of favourable conditions for the adhesion of SAB firmly resistant to removal (SAB2). 4. The concentration of total SAB (SAB1 + SAB2) in particles collected 1 h after feeding was lower (P less than 0.05) in diet C (190 g/kg DM) than in diet So (234 g/kg DM). Values averaged 595-645 g/kg DM for particles smaller than 0.1 mm, but only 61 and 81-98 g/kg DM for particles retained on 4 and 0.4 mm sieves, and on a 0.1 mm sieve respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Distribution of bacteria in the rumen contents of dairy cows given a diet supplemented with soya-bean oil. 275 21

The head shake reflex is a rapid rhythmic shaking of the head in a radial motion and is a prominent part of the behavior of most mammalian species. The administration of agonists at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors to rats increases apparently-spontaneous head shaking behavior. The present study examined the relationship between the head shake reflex, elicited by stimulation of the aural ampullae with Tween 80, with a similar-appearing behavior, the head shake response caused by the administration of 5-HT agonists to rats. Head shaking was attenuated by the subcutaneous infiltration of the local anesthetic procaine into the posterior border of the external auditory meatus. However, the local anesthetic did not alter head shake behavior produced by administering either the 5-HT agonist quipazine or the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan (L-5-HTP). The magnitude of the head shake reflex was also diminished after habituation of the reflex by repeatedly applying Tween 80 to the ampullae, yet this treatment had no effect on the head shaking behavior caused by quipazine. In a complementary manner, pretreatment with the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin potently blocked shaking behavior caused by quipazine without significantly altering the head shake reflex. Chronic administration of the atypical antidepressant drug iprindole to rats for 7 days reduced quipazine-induced shaking behavior without affecting the head shake reflex. In contrast, chronic administration of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine to rats for 7 days reduced head shaking behavior caused by either stimulus, indicating that an attenuation of motor reflex activity could play a role in the reduced response to quipazine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of the aural head shake reflex in serotonin-mediated head shaking behavior. 311 Aug 36

The effects of eluent composition, pH, and chaotropic agents on the recovery of T2, MS2, and indigenous coliphages from various foods were investigated. Additionally, methods of sample suspension and clarification were evaluated for coliphage recovery and application to various foods. Clarified sample suspensions were assayed for coliphages with a modified agar layer technique and appropriate Escherichia coli hosts. Centrifugation and polypropylene mesh filtration were more rapid and effective than glass wool filtration for clarification of sample suspensions and subsequent recovery of coliphages. Blending, stomaching, and shaking procedures were generally comparable for sample liquefaction and release of coliphages from foods. Complex basal eluents, EC medium and 1% casein, were generally more effective than a less complex eluent, phosphate buffer, for elution of coliphages from foods. For most foods, incorporation of sodium chloride or chaotropic agents, i.e., sodium trichloroacetate, urea, Tween 80, Triton X-100, and sodium nitrate, into basal eluents did not enhance recovery of coliphages. Indigenous coliphage recovery was not affected by sample suspension pH over a range of 6.0 to 9.0. With an optimal procedure, i.e., EC medium eluent, blending, and centrifugation, the recovery of T2 and MS2 ranged from 48 to 81% and from 58 to 100%, respectively, depending on the food type.
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PMID:Methodology for enumeration of coliphages in foods. 352 56

A detergent scrub technique using wash fluid consisting of 0.075 M phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.9 containing 0.1 per cent Triton X-100 was evaluated for the quantitative culture of Malassezia pachydermatis from canine skin. Preliminary studies showed that the detergents Triton X-100, Tween 40 and Tween 80 were equally able to disperse suspensions of pure cultures of M pachydermatis, but that the yeast counts were significantly reduced (P < 0.001) after suspension in saline, Triton X-100 or Tween 40 for two hours. The counts in skin washings were also reduced (P < 0.001) after suspension for three hours in 0.1 and 0.05 per cent solutions of Triton X-100. Vortexing, or manual or mechanical shaking of the samples yielded comparable counts. The correlation between the counts on diseased skin measured by using detergent scrubs and a contact plate technique was highly significant (P < 0.001). The detergent scrub technique was suitable for the quantitation of M pachydermatis on canine skin provided that the samples were processed without delay.
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PMID:Evaluation of a detergent scrub technique for the quantitative culture of Malassezia pachydermatis from canine skin. 776 91

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus grown on MARC-145 cell cultures was tested for hemagglutination (HA) with erythrocytes from a variety of species at 4 degrees C, room temperature and 37 degrees C. HA was observed at all temperatures with mouse erythrocytes but not with cattle, sheep, goat, horse, swine, guinea pig, mongolian gerbil, goose and chicken erythrocytes. The HA activity was enhanced by treatment of virus materials with Tween 80 followed by treatment with ether. The HA titer and HA pattern of virus materials treated with Tween 80 and ether (TE) were 4- to 8-fold higher and more clear than those of the virus materials without TE treatment. The optimum conditions consisted in pretreatment of virus material with Tween 80 at a final concentration of 0.06-0.125% (v/ v) for 15-60 min followed by treatment with ether at a concentration of 50% (v/v) for 5-15 min in ice bath with continuous shaking. The curve of active virus production in intra- and extracellular virus samples resembled that of HA production although it rose somewhat earlier in intracellular virus samples. The HA reaction was inhibited by specific antiserum. HI antibody titers of individual pig sera showed a significant positive correlation with their neutralizing antibody titers.
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PMID:Hemagglutination with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. 881 20

A lipase-producing bacterium, Acinetobacter calcoacetius LP009, was isolated from raw milk. The optimum conditions for growth and lipase production by A. calcoaceticus LP009 were 15 degrees C with shaking at 200 rpm in LB supplemented with 1.0% (v/v) Tween 80. The crude lipase was purified to homogeneous state by ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Its molecular weight determined by SDS-PAGE was 23 kDa and it exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.0 and 50 degrees C. It was stable over the pH range of 4.0 to 8.0 and at temperatures lower than 45 degrees C. It was a metalloenzyme that is positionally non-specific and had the ability to improve fat hydrolysis in soybean meal and in premixed animals feed.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of lipase from psychrophilic Acinetobacter calcoaceticus LP009. 1095 Jan 91

The ability to produce cellulose and xylan degrading enzymes by different strains of Thecotheus pelletieri, in liquid synthetic media with cellulose and xylan as inducers, was compared. All the strains tested were able to grow and produce cellulases and xylanases, being the strain BAFC 2077 the best producer. Several cultural conditions were analysed in order to optimise enzyme production by strain 2077. Shaking cultures gave higher yields of cellulases and xylanases compared with stationary ones. Asparagine at 0.75 g N/L was the best nitrogen source in promoting enzyme production. The influence of different surfactants on enzyme production was studied. Tween 80 exhibited no effect on growth and enzyme production, whereas Tween 20 and Triton X-100 were inhibitory. By means of studies of variation of cellulose/xylan ratio in the culture medium we determined that cellulose and xylan induced cellulase and xylanase synthesis, being the specific substrates the most effective. The inducible behavior of cellulases and xylanases in T. pelletieri was determined by means of inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide and ethidium bromide. Moreover, we found that glucose as well as xylose repressed cellulase and xylanase synthesis in T. pelletieri.
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PMID:Cellulose and xylan degrading enzymes in Thecotheus pelletieri. 1114 50

This study compared the effect of different physical and chemical treatments of strawberries and tomatoes to determine their ability to recover seeded viral and bacterial pathogens from produce surfaces. Solutions of salts, amino acids, complex media, and detergents were compared as eluants. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.1% Tween 80 eluted the highest number of seeded microorganisms. Elution with this defined solution was then compared under different conditions of physical agitation. Rotary shaking for 20 min at 36 degrees C eluted higher numbers of viruses and bacteria than did low- or high-speed stomaching. Commercially available and laboratory prepared bacteriological differential media were compared for their ability to recover and distinguish eluted Salmonella Montevideo and Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains from seeded produce. The recovery of seeded bacterial pathogens was low when differential media containing selective ingredients were used (MacConkey sorbitol agar, XLD agar, MacConkey agar). Highest recoveries were obtained on a medium consisting of tryptic soy agar supplemented with sodium thiosulfate and ferric ammonium citrate compared with selective media that inhibited up to 50% of the growth of the eluted microorganisms.
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PMID:Elution, detection, and quantification of polio I, bacteriophages, Salmonella montevideo, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from seeded strawberries and tomatoes. 1125 69


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