Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous workers from this laboratory observed considerable variation in the proportions of acetic and lactic acids produced in pure broth culture as compared to consistently high proportions of acetic acid produced in the sourdough and flour suspension systems. In the latter the proportion of acetic acid was always in the range of 20 to 35% of the total, whereas in pure broth culture frequently less than 5% acetic acid was produced. In the natural environment, the sourdough bacteria, tentatively identified as lactobacilli, coexist with a yeast, Saccharomyces exiguus, and this study was undertaken to determine whether this yeast or flour ingredients including glucose or other factors were involved in this variable production of acetic acid. The proportion of acetic acid produced in broth culture on maltose, the preferred carbohydrate source, was found to depend almost entirely on the degree of aeration. Essentially anaerobic conditions, as obtained by thorough evacuation and flushing with CO(2) or N(2), resulted in very low (5% or less) proportions of acetic acid. Aerobic conditions, achieved by continuous shaking in cotton-plugged flasks, yielded high levels (23 to 39% of the total) of acetic acid. Similar effects of aeration were observed with glucose as the substrate, although growth was considerably slower, or in nonsterile flour suspension systems. It is theorized that, under aerobic conditions, the reduced pyridine nucleotides generated in the dissimilation of carbohydrate are oxidized directly by molecular oxygen, thereby becoming unavailable for the reduction of the acetyl phosphate intermediate to ethyl alcohol, the usual product of anaerobic dissimilation of glucose by heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Comparative studies with known strains of homo- and heterofermentative lactobacilli showed similar effects of aeration only on the heterofermentative strains, lending additional support to the tentative grouping by previous workers from this laboratory of the sourdough bacteria with the heterofermentative lactobacilli.
 ...
PMID:Factors affecting organic acid production by sourdough (San Francisco) bacteria. 504 65

There is an increasing use and variety of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents (beta-blockers) available for the treatment of hyperthyroidism. Recent comparative studies suggest that atenolol (200mg daily), metoprolol (200mg daily); acebutolol (400mg daily), oxprenolol ( 160mg daily), nadolol ( 80mg daily) and timolol (20mg daily) produce a beneficial clinical response equal to that seen with propranolol ( 160mg daily). Most beta-blockers reduce resting heart rate by approximately 25 to 30 beats/min, although a lesser reduction is seen with those possessing intrinsic sympathomimetic activity such as oxprenolol and pindolol. While earlier studies employing large doses of intravenous propranolol concluded that beta-blockade reduced myocardial contractility, more recent non-invasive studies suggest that the predominant cardiac effect is on heart rate. In patients with cardiac failure, beta-blockers may, however, produce a profound fall in cardiac output. Nevertheless, in combination with digoxin they may be useful in controlling the atrial fibrillation of thyrocardiac disease. beta-Blockers improve nervousness and tremor (although to a lesser extent with cardioselective agents) and severe myopathy, and they also reduce the frequency of paralysis in patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. There is often subjective improvement in sweating but usually no major effect on eye signs. Recent studies show a 10% reduction in oxygen consumption/basal metabolic rate with long term oral use of selective or nonselective beta-blockers. In addition, many agents (propranolol, metoprolol, nadolol and sotalol but not acebutolol, atenolol or oxprenolol) reduce circulating tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentration by between 10 and 40%, although the clinical significance of this effect (if any) is not established. beta-Blockers may also have endocrinological effects on gastrin, cyclic AMP, catecholamines and other hormone levels. Given in adequate dosage, propranolol has been shown to control thyrotoxic hypercalcaemia. Minor side effects (nausea, headaches, tiredness, etc.) are quite common but overall beta-blockers are well tolerated by the thyrotoxic patient. The major use of these drugs is in symptomatic control while awaiting definitive diagnosis or treatment. As an adjunct to antithyroid drugs or radioactive iodine, beta-blockers will produce a satisfactory clinical response in the weeks to months before these forms of therapy produce a euthyroid state. beta-Blockers are more convenient than antithyroid drugs in the control of patients receiving therapeutic radioiodine, in that continuous therapy and assessment of biochemical response is possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Use of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in hyperthyroidism. 614 1

Concentration of cytochrome c decreases when shaking anaerobically grown cells in a non-growth medium down to 50% of the original amount in the cell, depending on the degree of aeration. Only 10-20% of this amount can be found in the adaptation medium. The main portion of cytochrome c is degraded during the adaptation. Inhibitors of proteinases do not influence the degradation. Addition of mammalian cytochrome c fully prevents the degradation of bacterial cytochrome c but not its release from cells. Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) exhibits a similar effect as oxygen. The degradation system is probably localized in the periplasmic space of the cells.
 ...
PMID:Changes in the cytochrome c content during the aerobic adaptation of Paracoccus denitrificans. 627 54

Maximum growth of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, strain C-61, occurred when the cultures were incubated with shaking in atmospheres containing approximately 30% hydrogen, 5% oxygen, and 10% CO2. Suspensions of cells grown under these conditions consumed oxygen with formate as the substrate in the presence of 0.33 mM cyanide, which completely inhibited respiration with ascorbate-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine and with lactate. Spectroscopic evidence with intact cells suggested that a form of cytochrome c, reducible with formate but not with lactate or ascorbate-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, can be reoxidized by a cyanide-insensitive system. Analysis of membranes from the cells showed high- and low-potential forms of cytochrome c, cytochrome b, and various enzymes, including hydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, and fumarate reductase. The predominant carbon monoxide-binding pigment appeared to be a form of cytochrome c, but the spectra also showed evidence of cytochrome o. The membrane cytochromes were reduced by hydrogen in the presence of 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide at concentrations which prevented the reduction of cytochrome c with succinate as the electron donor. Reoxidation of the substrate-reduced cytochromes by oxygen was apparently mediated by cyanide-sensitive and cyanide-insensitive systems. The membranes also had hydrogen-fumarate oxidoreductase activity mediated by cytochrome b. We conclude that C. fetus jejuni has high- and low-potential forms of cytochrome which are associated with a complex terminal oxidase system.
 ...
PMID:Aerobic and anaerobic respiratory systems in Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni grown in atmospheres containing hydrogen. 628 61

The 'Ether Pac' and 'Fluo Pac' temperature compensated vaporizers have been evaluated in the laboratory and the 'field'. Rigorous testing has demonstrated that these vaporizers are robust and reliable. Shaking, tilting and overturning do not significantly affect their performance. Both vaporizers deliver lower concentrations of the vapour than the setting on the vaporizers at low tidal volumes (100 ml). The 'Ether Pac' vaporizer output declines progressively with ambient temperatures below 23 degrees C and a similar result occurs with the 'Fluo Pac' at temperatures below 20 degrees C. Clinical trials in Nepal, Kenya, Burma and the UK have demonstrated that, when halothane is used, oxygen enrichment is necessary during spontaneous and controlled ventilation. When ether is used with controlled ventilation oxygen enrichment is probably not necessary even with ambient pressures as low as 619 mmHg.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of a new range of air drawover vaporizers. The 'PAC' series--laboratory and 'field' studies. 641 29

Thermal stress was induced experimentally in the hybrid pigs LW X L, weighing 45 to 52 kg. The trials were repeated in boxes heated to the temperature of 43 to 47 degrees C. The pigs were examined for the values of tremor, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), base excess (BE), buffer base (BB), standard and actual bicarbonate (SB and AB), total carbon dioxide (tCO2) and partial oxygen pressure in blood (pO2). Thermal stress caused marked tachycardia, polypnoea, higher body temperature, increased blood pH, reduction of partial carbon dioxide pressure. Respiratory alkalosis was accompanied by cardiovascular weakness, general excitation followed by apathy, cyanosis and dyspnoea.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of heat stress on acid-base homeostasis in pigs]. 643 33

Provocation tests such as head shaking and positional tests, as well as hyperventilation, have been used routinely by many laboratories to elicit nystagmus during an electronystagmogram. We added oxygen testing to this routine battery and compared the results with hyperventilation and other forms of provocative testing. Hyperventilation and oxygen testing are unique in that they probably affect the vestibular system by changing the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide supplied. Hyperventilation in theory would decrease available oxygen, while oxygen testing would cause an increase. In a study of two groups totaling over 700 patients, we found that oxygen testing is only occasionally positive (2.5%) and is of little practical value. Hyperventilation testing is positive 8% of the time but rarely alone, and has no localizing value. When hyperventilation and oxygen tests are both positive, the nystagmus may be in opposite directions. In 6 of 18 patients with acoustic neurinomas, hyperventilation produced transitory direction-changing nystagmus.
 ...
PMID:Study of ventilation testing with electronystagmography. 678 96

The hypothesis that non-anaesthetic compounds, structurally related to specific anaesthetics, can protect against the high pressure neurological syndrome was tested. Infusion of two structural analogues of alphaxalone (3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha pregnane-11,20 dione) during pressurisation of rats with helium and oxygen gas mixtures (total pressure 80-100 ATA; inspired oxygen partial pressure 0.5 ATA) ameliorated the severe tremors associated with the high pressure neurological syndrome without any shift in tremor frequency (11-14 Hz). The steroid analogues which were selected (delta 16 and 3 beta-hydroxy-alphaxalone) have no known general anaesthetic effects and present an unexpected structural approach to the pharmacology of the syndrome. It may now be possible to investigate, treat or prevent the syndrome by the use of selective drugs without more generalised anaesthetic effects.
 ...
PMID:Non-anesthetic steroids ameliorate the high pressure neurological syndrome in rats. 684 78

Although albuterol aerosol is an effective bronchodilator in adult asthmatics its efficacy and safety are not fully established in asthmatic children. Albuterol (100 and 200 micrograms), isoproterenol (70 and 140 micrograms) and placebo were administered from metered dose aerosol cannisters to 11 asthmatic children (9 to 16 years of age). Our findings indicate that in asthmatic children albuterol aerosol causes bronchodilation for up to six hours and greater bronchodilation than comparable doses of inhaled isoproterenol and does not produce overt effects on the cardiovascular system, significant changes in arterial partial pressure of oxygen or excessive tremor.
 ...
PMID:Double-blind comparison of acute effects of inhaled albuterol, isoproterenol and placebo on cardiopulmonary function and gas exchange in asthmatic children. 684 20

A second case of Hb York (beta 146 His leads to Pro), was discovered in a patient with polycythemia. The oxygen equilibrium curves (OEC) of red cell suspensions in a buffer (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C revealed a biphasic curve with a P50 of only 12.5 mm Hg (normal value: 26.5 +/- 1.0 mm Hg). The purified Hb York had an extremely high affinity for oxygen with diminished cooperativity and decreased Bohr effect. The oxygen affinity was significantly reduced by inositol hexaphosphate. Molecular stability studies by mechanical shaking of various liganded forms of Hb York revealed stabilities between those of Hb A and Hb S. Isolated beta Y-subunits were more unstable than beta A-subunits at every pH examined. Hb York was 1.4 times more unstable than Hb A in 18.9% isopropanol.
 ...
PMID:Characterization and properties of Hb York (beta 146 His leads to Pro). 687 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>