Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Asthma is an airway obstruction which is reversible, either spontaneously or in response to treatment. Repeated peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) measurements, up to six times daily, allows this characteristic reversibility to be recognised, to guide diagnosis and therapy. Chronic asthmatics may eventually become relatively irreversible, and then appear similar to chronic bronchitics - unless an adequate history is taken. The commonest world-wide allergen is the fecal pellet of the house mite. Modern therapy of asthma starts with inhaled beta 2 agonists, but difficulty in using metered dose inhalers is helped by the 'spacer', or reservoirs (e.g. 'Nebuhaler'). Interaction between slow-release oral theophyllines and beta 2 agonists by inhalation maximises bronchodilatation but minimises tremor. High-dose ipratropium inhalation, as isotonic wet nebulisation with a beta 2 agonist, is useful in acute severe asthma. High doses of inhaled topical steroid are valuable in the difficult asthmatic, but pituitary adrenal suppression occurs if dosage exceeds 1,500 micrograms/day. Cromoglycate and a beta 2 agonist by inhalation can prevent exercise-induced asthma. Long-term oral steroids (never over 10 mg/day) are only used if inhaled therapy (+/- oral slow-release theophyllines) fails. Acute severe asthma needs parenteral steroid, parenteral beta 2 agonist, high-dose beta 2 agonist by inhalation, oxygen and hospital admission. Ventilation is increased in the acute severe asthmatic with hypoxia and low PCO2. In 90 asthmatic deaths surveyed in Britain, half had failed to realise the severity.
 ...
PMID:Reversible airway obstruction: neurohumoral mechanisms and treatment. Lecture on asthma: clinical overview. 288 69

20 children (age range 0.8-14.7 years) with acute severe asthma were alternately randomized to receive one of two different treatment regimes. 10 children (control-group) received Salbutamol inhalation (75 micrograms/kg in 2 ml Saline every two hours). 10 children (reproterol-group) received reproterol infusion (0.2-2.0 micrograms/kg/min in Saline) and inhaled Saline only. Other therapy regimen were identical in both groups: Theophylline infusion, i.v. Prednisolone, adequate fluids intake and oxygen insufflation. Age, severity and maintenance therapy of asthma, and severity of the acute episode, were not significantly different in both groups. Treatment efficacy, assessed with a simple clinical score, the heart and respiratory rates, the peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the blood gases, was comparable in both groups. Side effects, i.e. tachycardia, blood pressure changes and tremor, were also similar and clinically not relevant in both groups. In two children, who previously needed repeated mechanical ventilation, severe respiratory failure could be successfully controlled only when the reproterol dose was raised 10 folds (2.0 micrograms/kg/min). Reproterol infusion can be recommended in children with acute severe asthma, who do not respond satisfactorily to current therapy regimen, particularly in children who previously experienced numerous intubations.
 ...
PMID:[Intravenous infusion of reproterol (a beta-2-mimetic agent) in the therapy of severe asthma attacks in childhood]. 308 54

Cells of Euglena gracilis Klebs var. bacillaris Cori mutant W3BUL grown in darkness on Hutner's pH 3.5 medium without agitation accumulate wax ester. These cells have undeveloped proplastid remnants characteristic of this mutant. If these cells are transferred to an inorganic medium and bubbled with 2-3% CO2 in air, the wax disappears and the proplastid expands and develops in darkness to form prolamellar bodies and membrane vessicles within 96 h. No further development takes place in darkness, but if these cultures are illuminated at 96 h formation of prothylakoids is observed. Thus the wax ester accumulated during growth can be used subsequently to support proplastid development up to the prolamellar body stage, but the formation of prothylakoids is strictly light-dependent. Development in this system takes place at a slower rate than in cells grown with shaking and lacking wax which are transferred to resting medium. As previously shown, all of proplastid development requires light under these conditions. It is suggested that the oxygen-requiring utilization of wax in darkness can provide energy and metabolites for a part of proplastid development but the later steps in these cells, or the entire development in cells lacking wax is supported by paramylum degradation which is strictly light-dependent. However, a specific light reaction required for prothylakoid organization is not ruled out.
 ...
PMID:Light-independent and dependent phases of proplastid development in Euglena gracilis W3BUL. 311 30

Of the steroids produced by pig adrenal homogenate, the output of cortisol+11-deoxycortisol, corticosterone, 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, and the steroid intermediates: pregnenolone, 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were analysed. The incubations were carried out with and without aeration. Without aeration the oxygen tension in assay medium decreased during incubation in spite of constant shaking. However, it remained constant (140 Hgmm) with aeration throughout the incubation (60 min). The results of steroid analysis demonstrated that the output of 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione decreased strongly, and that of cortisol slightly without aeration, however, the output of corticosterone did not change. The addition of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone or 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone to the incubation medium eliminated the decrease in the output of cortisol, but not that of 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione. The observations suggest that the activation of oxygen in the enzyme reaction catalyzed by 17, 20-lyase, and perhaps by 17 alpha-hydroxylase is weaker than the activation mediated by 21-hydroxylase and 11 beta-hydroxylase.
 ...
PMID:Effect of aeration on cortisol and androgen output by pig adrenal homogenate. 313 56

Hyperbaric chamber dives at 31 ATA with helium-oxygen were performed at the Japan Marine Science and Technology Center in 1987. During simulated underwater experiments, auditory brain stem responses were recorded in 4 professional divers for assessment of brain stem function. All divers had no clinical symptoms at 150 m below sea level, and their ABRs also showed no significant changes. During the 150-250 m depth saturation dives, all divers complained of various symptoms such as euphoria, ataxia, joint pain, tremor and dyspnea, while, I-III and I-V interpeak latencies on their ABRs increased with a tendency of recovery. Furthermore, the changes of both interpeak latency were independent of each other. These results indicate that transient dysfunction clinically or subclinically occurred at the processes between 150-300 m below sea level. Moreover, independent changes of I-III and I-V interpeak latencies in this study may mean that the pathways reached to the generation sites of wave III and V were different.
 ...
PMID:Effects of a hyperbaric environment on human brain stem function with specific reference to auditory brain stem responses. 317 89

The distribution of cerebral blood flow and metabolism is related to neuronal activity. Cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in ten patients with Parkinson's disease and five age-matched normal control subjects were measured with positron emission tomography (PET) using 15O2, C15O2 steady state inhalational technique to investigate functional changes of the cortex and the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease. All patients had no history of cerebrovascular disease and CT scan showed no abnormal findings except for moderate cerebral atrophy in only one patient. When the level of clinical disability was related on the scale of Hoehn and Yahr, one patient was stage I, four were stage II, four were stage III, and one was stage IV. Psychic symptoms which include hallucination, depression, and dementia were recognized in four patients. One of these four patients was mildly demented. Four patients were newly diagnosed and had never been treated with antiparkinsonian medication before. Before the patients had their PET study their antiparkinsonian medication was discontinued for more than three days. But in two patients PET study was performed without discontinuity of antiparkinsonian medication. The values for regional CBF and regional CMRO2 were lower in the patients than in the normal control subjects, especially in the frontal cortex there was a significant decrease of CBF and CMRO2. There was no discrepancy between CBF and CMRO2 both in the patients and the normal control. CBF and CMRO2 in the cortex and the basal ganglia were not correlated with the severity of tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease]. 326 73

Sickle hemoglobin is relatively unstable upon oxidation or mechanical shaking. During denaturation, it generates oxygen radicals and hemichromes and ultimately precipitates in the form of micro-Heinz bodies. It is not clear, however, whether the degradation product hemin, which is a potent hemolytic agent and a potential perturbant to protein-protein interactions in the red cell membrane skeleton, is also generated during sickle hemoglobin denaturation. By specific absorption of hemin with Dowex AG 1-X8 anion-exchange resin at high-ionic strength conditions, we now separate hemin for quantitation from the bulk hemoglobin and its derivatives. We demonstrate that upon mechanical shaking oxyhemoglobin S denatures much faster than oxyhemoglobin A and that a considerably higher level of hemin is detected in the shaken hemoglobin S as compared with hemoglobin A. By using the same method to measure the hemin content in the hemolysate of fresh red cells from patients with sickle cell disease, we detect a three- to fivefold increase in the hemin content in these patients (0.4 to 0.75 mumol/L) as compared with normal individuals (0.1 to 0.15 mumol/L). These data suggest that the instability of sickle oxyhemoglobin leads to increased intracellular precipitation of hemoglobin and the release of hemin, which may play a role in the membrane lesion of sickle red cells.
 ...
PMID:Detection of hemin release during hemoglobin S denaturation. 337 Mar 19

A case with unilateral symptoms of Parkinson syndrome is presented in which interesting changes in the topographic patterns of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) were observed by positron emission tomography. This case was associated with severe tremor at rest exclusively in the left extremities. The parietal CBF and CMRO2 for the affected hemisphere were apparently lower than those for the nonaffected hemisphere preoperatively. After thalamotomy involving the right nucleus ventralis lateralis, including the ventralis intermedius, concomitant with complete disappearance of the tremor, the parietal CBF and CMRO2 for the affected side increased and even exceeded those for the nonaffected side.
 ...
PMID:Changes in regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism following ventrolateral thalamotomy in Parkinson syndrome as revealed by positron emission tomography. 349 Feb 22

Methemoglobin formation was studied at near physiological hemoglobin concentration. The reaction proceeds at a faster rate when the concentration of hemoglobin is high (15-18 mM in heme) than when it is low (2 mM). Constant shaking of hemoglobin preparations during the incubation decreases the differences seen in the rates of autoxidation between concentrated and dilute samples. When red cell hemolysate is used instead of pure hemoglobin, similar results are obtained. A comparison of rates of methemoglobin formation in hemoglobin solutions under low air pressure (1/2 atm) with those under normal air pressure (1 atm) shows no differences between concentrated and dilute samples. There is also no significant difference between the rates of autoxidation of dilute and concentrated solutions when the reactions are carried out under one atmosphere of oxygen (100 percent O2). The study of one patient with hereditary spherocytosis demonstrated higher hemoglobin autoxidation rate in spherocytes, which have higher hemoglobin concentration, than in normal biconcave red cells. These results suggest that: a) the rate of hemoglobin autoxidation at red cell hemoglobin concentration is significantly faster than rates obtained by studying dilute solutions; b) although the accelerated oxidation might be related to multiple factors, one seems to be less accessibility of oxygen when the hemoglobin solution is highly concentrated.
 ...
PMID:Hemoglobin autoxidation at physiological concentrations. 366 22

We measured the electrical activity and the tremor of the pectoral muscle and total body heat production in control and cold-acclimated Japanese quail at +26 degrees C, +12 degrees C and +2 degrees C before and after 3 weeks of acclimation, using electromyography, accelerometer recordings, and indirect calorimetry. Japanese quail shiver in 0.2- to 3-s bursts that occur in groups. An increase in both the frequency and the duration of bursts and burst groups contributes to the increase in heat production by shivering at low temperatures. A compilation of shivering patterns in birds is given and its implications for the neural control and phylogeny of shivering are discussed. A rather non-specific increase in electromyographic (EMG) activity and heat production was observed after cold acclimation at all experimental temperatures, although many of the normal signs of cold acclimation (e.g. decrease in gonad mass, increase in heart mass and serum triiodothyronine) were seen. The increase in muscle electrical activity was greater than the increase in oxygen uptake, which resulted in a lower VO2/EMG ratio. The amplitude distribution of muscle electrical activity remained normal, but a shift towards higher frequencies occurred in the EMG spectra of cold-acclimated birds. Despite the increase in muscle electrical activity, power spectra of accelerometer recordings indicated that the amplitude of the muscle tremor was lower in cold-acclimated birds. The increase in the high-frequency components of the EMG indicates that decreased synchronization of motor unit firing may account for the lower tremor amplitude. We suggest that this change is adaptive because it reduces heat loss and/or because more fatigue-resistant motor units are recruited. These results show that temperature acclimation modifies the neural control of shivering in skeletal muscle.
 ...
PMID:The relationship of muscle electrical activity, tremor and heat production to shivering thermogenesis in Japanese quail. 376 Jul 68


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>