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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Varying doses of nebulized salbutamol, ipratropium bromide and a combination of both were given to 20 asthmatic children. All therapies produced effective bronchodilation. Ten mg salbutamol caused elevation of pulse rate and finger tremor whilst the duration of action of 0.6 mg salbutamol was too short. Dose-response effects were clearly seen with salbutamol but not with ipratropium bromide. A summation effect was not demonstrated when the medications were combined.
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PMID:Nebulized salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in asthmatic children. 293 70

The short- and long-term efficacy and safety of an inhaled quaternary ammonium anticholinergic agent, ipratropium bromide, and a beta agonist aerosol, metaproterenol, were compared in 261 nonatopic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The study was a randomized, double-blind, 90-day, parallel-group trial. On three test days-one, 45, and 90-mean peak responses for forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity and mean area under the time-response curve were higher for ipratropium than for metaproterenol. Clinical improvement was noted in both treatment groups, especially during the first treatment month, with persistence of improvement throughout the remainder of the study. Side effects were relatively infrequent and generally mild; tremor, a complication of beta agonists, was not reported by any subject receiving ipratropium. These results support the effectiveness and safety of long-term treatment with inhaled ipratropium in COPD.
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PMID:Comparison of the anticholinergic bronchodilator ipratropium bromide with metaproterenol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A 90-day multi-center study. 294 65

A double-blind study was carried out in a group of 9 patients with partially reversible airway obstruction, to evaluate the bronchodilator effect of gradually increased doses of fenoterol (cumulative doses: 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1,600 micrograms), ipratropium bromide (40, 80, 160, 320 and 640 micrograms) and a combination of these (100 + 40, 200 + 80 micrograms, etc.), denominated Duovent. The three treatments were carried out at random at the same time on 3 days, usually not consecutive days, whereby 1, 1, 2, 4 and 8 puffs (altogether 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 doses) of each product were given in identical pressurized aerosols at intervals of 60 min. Respiratory (spirometry and flow-volume curve) and cardiovascular (blood pressure, heart rate) parameters were measured under basal conditions and 60 min after each administration. On average, with all three products, the bronchodilatory effect showed a linear correlation with the logarithm of the dose given. With the same number of puffs the side-effects (tremor in particular) of the combination fenoterol and ipratropium bromide or Duovent (FIB) were markedly fewer than those of fenoterol, while ipratropium bromide was very well tolerated. The three dose-response curves (parallel) show that, in respect of an increase in FEV1, 1 puff of Duovent (100 micrograms fenoterol + 40 micrograms ipratropium bromide) is approximately equal to 2 puffs of fenoterol (200 micrograms) and 4 puffs of ipratropium bromide (160 micrograms). FIB, therefore, makes it possible to maintain the same bronchodilatory effect as the full dose (400 micrograms) of fenoterol while improving the therapeutic value.
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PMID:Acute controlled study of the dose-response relationship of fenoterol, ipratropium bromide and their combination. 295 93

The efficacies of inhaled doses of fenoterol 200 micrograms, ipratropium bromide 40 micrograms and their combination (200 + 40 micrograms) were compared in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study in 24 adult patients with stable asthma bronchiale. The tests were performed during 4 consecutive days. The change in bronchial obstruction was assessed by means of spirometry [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1.0), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF)] and body plethysmography [thoracic gas volume (TGV), airway resistance (Raw)] measurements. The values of FEV% and specific airway conductance (SGaw) were calculated. The frequency of side-effects was recorded. During the treatment with the combination of ipratropium bromide and fenoterol the change in the mean SGaw differed highly significantly (p less than 0.001) from placebo in the initial bronchodilator response and at 3, 4 and 5 h. With fenoterol, compared to placebo, a highly significant difference in bronchodilator effect lasted for 4 h, with ipratropium bromide for 3 h. Similarly, a highly significant difference measured with FEV 1.0 during the medication with the combination of ipratropium bromide and fenoterol lasted for 4 h, with fenoterol alone for 2 h, and with ipratropium alone for 1 h. The most harmful side-effect in this group of asthmatics proved to be muscular tremor, caused most often by the combination of ipratropium bromide and fenoterol. The findings of this study suggest that the combination of ipratropium bromide and fenoterol gives a stronger bronchodilatation and a more prolonged effect in asthmatics than ipratropium bromide or fenoterol alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Treatment of asthma bronchiale with a combination of ipratropium bromide and fenoterol. 295 26

A study was carried out in 15 stable asthmatics and 5 patients with partially reversible airflow obstruction to compare the efficacy and tolerability of a single dose of 200 micrograms fenoterol plus 80 micrograms ipratropium bromide ('Duovent') administered either by metered dose aerosol or as a dry powder preparation for inhalation ('Inhalets'). Using a double-dummy technique, patients received each formulation, in random order, on 2 separate days within 1 week. Spirometric measurements were made over a period of 6 hours after the dose. The results showed that a 35% peak improvement in mean FEV1 occurred with each method of administration and there was no statistical difference between responses. Improvements of 25% were sustained for over 4 hours and effects on pulse rate and tremor were similar for both preparations.
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PMID:Comparison between aerosol and powder delivery system of fenoterol plus ipratropium bromide ('Duovent') in patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis. 297 77

Forty patients with irritable bowel syndrome were randomly allocated to treatment with octylonium bromide (20 mg TID) or cimetropium bromide (50 mg BID) in a double-blind trial lasting for six weeks. Drugs were taken before meals, according to a double-blind schedule. Clinical evaluations were made of digestive and other symptoms, objective findings (pain at palpation, contracted colon, tympanites), and overall effectiveness of treatment. Statistically significant decreases in severity of abdominal pain and subjective scores for bowel habits were obtained in both groups. The only statistically significant differences between treatments were in nondigestive symptoms (asthenia, palpitations, tremor, headache, etc.), which improved more in the cimetropium bromide group. No severe side effects were observed in either treatment group.
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PMID:Double-blind study of a new antimuscarinic, cimetropium bromide, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 352 59

A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determining furazolidone in finished feeds and premixes was collaboratively studied. Finished feed sample is extracted with acetone-water (93 + 7) on a Goldfisch apparatus, extracting solvent is removed, and the residual material is dissolved in warm DMF. A solution of tetraethylammonium bromide is added, the fat layer is removed, and the sample is clarified by filtration and injected onto a reverse phase LC system with detection at 365 nm. Premixes, extracted by shaking with DMF and diluted so that the final furazolidone concentration is about 55 micrograms/mL, are chromatographed and detected the same as finished feed samples, using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-2% acetic acid (20 + 80). Ten commercial feed samples were preweighed and supplied to 14 collaborators. The 5 matched pairs were chosen to represent the following allowed levels: 0.0055, 0.022, 0.033, 2.2, and 22%. Two familiarization samples at the 0.0055 and 11% levels were also supplied. Instructions called for a single analysis of each sample. Two results were eliminated by the Dixon test. The coefficients of variation, following treatment by the ranking test, ranged from 2.0 at the 22% level to 6.5 at the 0.0055% level. Calculated F-values are not significant (P greater than 0.01) except for the 0.0055% level samples extracted overnight. This method has been adopted official first action.
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PMID:Liquid chromatographic method for determination of furazolidone in premixes and complete feeds: collaborative study. 405 21

Glutamate excretion by colonies of Citrobacter intermedium C3 was detected by using the auxotrophic strain Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60. A constant ratio of strain C3 colonies did not excrete glutamate. These colonies were subcultured, and colonial analysis of their descendants established that the change from non-excretor to excretor (Sg(-) --> Sg(+)) is a spontaneous and random process with occurs at a high rate, and that an equilibrium state results from the back-transition Sg(+) --> Sg(-) in large populations. Acridine orange, ethidium bromide, and shaking have a strong influence on Sg(+)-to-Sg(-) interconversion, which suggests that a genetic element like an episome is implicated (S factor). Various auxotrophic mutants of bacterial strain C3 have been cured of the S factor. Strains lacking the S factor (S(-) strains) do not excrete glutamate and lose their fermentative metabolism completely. Consequently, the S factor is different from other extrachromosomal genetic factors whose elimination does not modify central metabolism. The gain of the S factor by infectious transfer has been shown with different C3 auxotrophic mutant strains. Also, the S factor has been transferred to Paracolobactrum intermedium ATCC 11606. These findings suggest that phenotypic changes observed are a consequence of elimination or infectious gain of the S factor, with its autonomous or integrated multiplication.
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PMID:A new episomic element controlling fermentative metabolism and excretion of amino acids by Citrobacter intermedium C3. 460 Jun 93

The effects of inhaling an aerosol preparation containing fenoterol 200 micrograms and ipratropium bromide 80 micrograms were compared with those of inhaling 200 micrograms of salbutamol and a similar dose of fenoterol on 20 patients with chronic bronchitis and four patients with chronic stable asthma. The dose of each drug was contained in 2 puffs taken from a metered-dose inhaler. Changes in airways function were assessed by measuring peak expiratory flow rate. Pulse, blood pressure and presence of any tremor were monitored to detect drug-induced side effects. No significant difference was found in the onset of action and overall bronchodilator effects between the three drugs. The combined preparation was found to have a significantly greater bronchodilator action three and four hours after inhalation compared to the other two drugs. A significant effect lasting six hours was found with salbutamol and fenoterol, but the combined preparation had an effect which was significant up to seven hours. There was no significant difference in the side effects which were minimal for all three drugs.
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PMID:A comparison of effects of inhaling a combined preparation of fenoterol with ipratropium bromide (Duovent) with those of fenoterol and salbutamol. 623 47

1 Anti-tremor action of decamethylene bis-(hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammonium bromide (C10Dichol), a peripheral acetylcholine synthesis inhibitor, was investigated. 2 C10Dichol inhibited tremor induced by oxotremorine, nicotine and physostigmine and afforded partial protection from physostigmine-induced mortality in mice. 3 In non-paralysing doses, C10Dichol antagonized the neuromuscular effects of oxotremorine, nicotine and physostigmine. 4 Prior administration of C10Dichol failed to prevent tremor and neuromuscular paralysis induced by harmine and arecoline. 5 In the absence of any antimuscarinic property of C10Dichol, its neuromuscular effects appeared to be casually related to its anti-tremor action. 6 This study reveals a possibility for the development of peripherally acting anti-Parkinson drugs.
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PMID:Anti-tremor action of C10Dichol, a peripheral acetylcholine synthesis inhibitor. 625 92


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