Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Portal-systemic encephalopathy may be seen with hyperammonemia that complicates chronic liver disease. We report an unusual case of reversible parkinsonism associated with hyperammonemia and portal vein thrombosis. An active 90-year-old male developed motor slowing and resting hand tremor over 6 months. Examination showed asterixis, bradykinesia, cogwheel rigidity, rest tremor, and a parkinsonian gait. Serum venous ammonia was elevated at 145 microM. The next day, the patient became comatose and serum ammonia was 178 microM. With lactulose therapy, serum ammonia level normalized and examination showed only minimal parkinsonism after 1 week. An abdominal CT scan identified portal vein thrombosis with porto-systemic shunting that reversed after 7 months of treatment. Examination 2 years later showed no signs of parkinsonism. Parkinsonism can dominate the clinical picture of patients with hyperammonemia before the onset of encephalopathy.
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PMID:Reversible parkinsonism and hyperammonemia associated with portal vein thrombosis. 1124 May 69

Hepatic encephalopathy is a frequent and serious complication of liver cirrhosis. Usually it is treated by non-absorbable disaccharides or antibiotics and its treatment is often difficult and associated with undesirable effects. The objective of our investigation was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new antibiotic used in this indication--rifaximine. With rifaximine, 400 mg three times per day, a total of 25 patients were treated for a 10-day period. Significant improvement of the manifestations of encephalopathy occurred (evaluated by the grade of encephalopathy, test of combining numerals, the degree of flapping tremor and the arterial ammonia level). None of the patients developed undesirable effects. Rifaximine seems an effective, safe drug for hepatic encephalopathy.
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PMID:[Rifaximin in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy]. 1213 65

A bacterium producing lactate oxidase was re-screened from five strains based on previous researches. The lactate oxidase activity was the highest in strain L1 and this stain was chosen as the enzyme source. Morphological and physiological studies revealed that the bacterial strain L1 belongs to the Edwardsiella tarda Biogroup I. This stain is different from the reported strains Mycobacterium and Pediococcus, which produce lactate oxidase. The enzyme producing conditions were studied in shaking cultures, and the effects of initial pH, riboflavin, lactate and ammonia sulphate concentrations on the production were carried out respectively. The bacteria resource of enzyme is significant to pyruvate production by enzymatic method, and to the enzyme assay of lactate for medical diagnosis, and the application of enzyme electronic probe.
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PMID:[Studies on the lactate oxidase producing conditions by Edwardsiella tarda]. 1255 18

Wastepaper constitutes approximately half of municipal solid waste, making it a potential source of bioenergy. Newspaper was pretreated with an ammonia-hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mixture in a shaking bath from room temperature to 80 degrees C, and then its enzymatic digestibility was measured. A significant amount of ink was removed from the newspaper slurry by the reciprocating movement of the shaking bath. In addition, the ammonia-H2O2 significantly swelled the substrate, thereby greatly increasing its susceptibility to enzymatic digestion. After pretreating the newspaper with conditions of 40 degrees C, 3 h, 130 strokes/min, and 4 wt% ammonia-2 wt% H2O2, the enzymatic digestibility was almost 90% of theoretical, or about 25% higher than that of untreated substrate. Digestibility was also investigated as a function of ammonia concentration, H2O2 concentration, shaking speed, pretreatment temperature, and time.
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PMID:Enzymatic digestibility of used newspaper treated with aqueous ammonia-hydrogen peroxide solution. 1272 59

The effect of surfactant on enzymatic digestibility was investigated during the pretreatment stage. Newspaper was pretreated with an ammonia-hydrogen peroxide mixture on a shaking bath at 40 degrees C and 130 strokes/min for 3 h. Two kinds of nonionic surfactants, NP series and Tween series, were utilized. The effect of hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) value of both series surfactants on digestibility was found to be negligible, even though de-inking efficiency was improved as HLB value was increased. The effect of surfactant loading on digestibility was small, below 0.5 wt%, and negligible above 0.5 wt% at 60 international filter paper units (IFPU). The percentage improvement in digestibility increased as enzyme loading decreased. Digestibility of NP-5-added sample relative to control sample, increased significantly at an enzyme loading <60 IFPU, i.e., 19 and 13% at 15 and 30 IFPU, respectively. Such an increase in digestibility was not explained clearly from the experimental results. It was also found that ink removal before enzymatic hydrolysis is very important to enhance digestibility.
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PMID:Enhancement of enzymatic digestibility of recycled newspaper by addition of surfactant in ammonia-hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. 1505 50

In recent years, the use of valproic acid (VPA) as a mood-stabilizing agent has continuously increased. Although VPA usually is well tolerated, its use in combination with other psychotropic compounds might bear an elevated risk of adverse reactions. Here, we present the case of a 42-year-old male suffering from treatment-resistant psychotic depression, who was prescribed VPA additionally to lithium, clomipramine, flupentixol and risperidone. By doing so, he developed myoclonus, tremor and encephalopathy with sedation and marked EEG background slowing. Most notably, these side effects occurred in the presence of normal VPA and ammonia serum concentrations. On VPA discontinuation, all symptoms vanished and EEG normalized. We thus suggest that direct VPA-induced encephalopathy in the absence of ammonemia does exist, in this case probably facilitated by psychotropic polypharmacy.
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PMID:Encephalopathy and myoclonus triggered by valproic acid. 1538 Aug 68

Study of the effect of dissolved oxygen and shear stress on rifamycin B fermentation with A. mediterranei XC 9-25 showed that rifamycin B fermentation with Amycolatoposis mediterranei XC 9-25 needs high dissolved oxygen and is not very sensitive to shearing stress. The scale-up of rifamycin B fermentation with A. mediterranei XC 9-25 from a shaking flask to a 15 L fermentor was realized by controlling the dissolved oxygen to above 25% of saturation in the fermentation process, and the potency of rifamycin B fermentation in the 15 L fermentor reached 10 g/L after 6-day batch fermentation. By continuously feeding glucose and ammonia in the fermentation process, the potency of rifamycin B fermentaion in the 15 L fermentor reached 18.67 g/L, which was 86.65% higher than that of batch fermentation. Based on the scale-up principle of constantly aerated agitation power per unit volume, the scale-up of rifamycin B fed-batch fermentation with continuous feed from a 15 L fermentor to a 7 m(3) fermentor and further to a 60 m(3) fermentor was realized successfully. The potency of rifamycin B fermentation in the 7 m(3) fermentor and in the 60 m(3) fermentor reached 17.25 g/L and 19.11 g/L, respectively.
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PMID:Scale-up of rifamycin B fermentation with Amycolatoposis mediterranei. 1554 69

Valproic acid-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE) has been described in the neurology and emergency medicine literature, but the case reports identified therein are rarely derived from the psychiatric use of this medication. Valproic acid is widely used as a mood stabilizer in bipolar affective disorder and schizoaffective disorder. Patients with normal blood levels, liver function and metabolic tests may present with markedly elevated ammonia and a variety of neurological symptoms. We report the case of a patient on long-term valproic acid therapy, with stable dosing, who presented with an elevated ammonia level, new-onset tremor, confusion, and loss of consciousness. This case illustrates the need to check ammonia levels in psychiatric patients who are taking valproic acid and who present with new neurological symptoms.
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PMID:Valproic acid-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy: a case report from the psychiatric setting. 1560 19

A simple external gelation process, taking full advantage of the gelation features of titanium and silica, was developed to prepare TiO2-SiO2 mixed gel spheres suitable for strontium adsorption. The source solutions used for the process were prepared from different mixtures of 1M TiCl4 and 1M Na2SiO3 solutions and converted into droplets in a gelation column. The suitable spheres for strontium adsorption were obtained using a hexone (methyl isobutyl ketone) solution as the drop formation medium and ammonia as the gelling agent. The mixed oxide gels were identified and characterized by DTA/TGA, FTIR and XRD analysis. The parameters affecting the strontium adsorption, such as weight ratio of TiO2, pH, temperature, shaking time and selectivity towards competing ions were investigated. Sorption data have been interpreted in terms of Freundlich, Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich equations. Thermodynamic parameters for the sorption system have been determined at four different temperatures. The value of DeltaH degrees =39.553 kJ/mol and DeltaG degrees =-16.687 kJ/mol at 296 K prove that the sorption of strontium on mixed oxide gel is an endothermic and a spontaneous process.
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PMID:Preparation of TiO2-SiO2 mixed gel spheres for strontium adsorption. 1581 74

The dried fruit from Luffa cylindrica (loofa sponge, LS), which represents a new chitinous source material, was used as a 3-D scaffold for the culture of rat hepatocytes. With the macroporous structure and large pore size (ca. 800 microm) of LS, cell loading to the scaffold should be carried out by dynamic seeding with continuous shaking throughout the seeding period. Hepatocytes attach well to the surface of loofa fibers after seeding and maintain their round shapes. The initial ammonia removal and urea-N synthesis rates of hepatocytes immobilized within LS slightly decreased with increasing cell densities, but their metabolic activities were comparable to or better than those in monolayer culture on tissue culture polystyrene control surfaces. Both urea-N synthesis and albumin secretion rates could be maintained up to 7 days for cells immobilized within LS and spheroid-like cell aggregates could be found after the second day.
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PMID:Loofa sponge as a scaffold for culture of rat hepatocytes. 1590 71


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