Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Abnormal neurological signs were found in 46 of 50 children and adolescents chronically sniffing leaded gasoline. These abnormalities resolved within eight weeks in all but one case. Exaggerated deep reflexes, postural tremor and evidence of cerebellar dysfunction occurred in a highly significnat number of patients. Forty-nine had blood lead levels greater than or equal to 40ug/dl. The mean blood lead levels were significantly higher in those with (a) abnormally brisk deep reflexes and (b) with evidence of cerebellar dysfunction, than in those without these findings. Five optional treatment regimes were employed and a classification was used, based on clinical findings, initial blood lead levels and the response to the calcium disodium edatate mobilization test. 39 patients received chelation therapy. These data suggest that neurological manifestations occur frequently in those abusing leaded gasoline and that chelation therapy has an important place in their management.
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PMID:The neurological manifestations of chronic inhalation of leaded gasoline. 9 11

A family from Western Norway is described in which 5 out of 9 members in one generation developed a progressive encephalopathy in middle life. Massive, symmetrical calcifications located in basal ganglia, dentate nuclei and cerebral sulci of the brain were seen on roentgenograms of the skull. All affected members exhibited a clinical syndrome which included mental deterioration, extrapyramidal motor deficit, cerebellar ataxia and tremor. The biochemical investigation showed normal serum calcium and phosphorous and concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone was normal. The Ellsworth-Howard test with exogenously administered parathyroid extract revealed a subnormal phosphorous diuresis while urinary excretion of cyclic AMP was normal. Thus, the defect appears to be an insufficient intracellular response to cyclic AMP. The late onset of symptoms is compatible with the slight disturbance in calcium-phosphorous metabolism we have demonstrated. The family probably represents an unusual type of pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism of which only one other family has been reported earlier. The investigations and pedigree analysis of the present kindred is suggestive of an autosomal recessive inheritance of the disorder.
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PMID:Cerebral calcinosis with late onset encephalopathy. Unusual type of pseudo-pseudohypoparathyreoidism. 20 54

Suspensions of islet cells were prepared by shaking pancreatic islets from non-inbred ob/ob mice in a Ca2+-free buffer. The cells were incubated with or without 20 mM-alloxan, and subsequently with Trypan Blue. The uptake of Trypan Blue by cell nuclei was analysed by microscope photometry and by counting the frequency of cells appearing stained on visual inspection. Cells classified as stained or unstained by inspection showed no overlap in nuclear absorbance. Suspensions not exposed to alloxan contained 70-80% of unstained cells. Alloxan markedly decreased the frequency of unstained cells, an effect counteracted by 5 or 20 mM-D-glucose. The spectrum of Trypan Blue in islet-cell nuclei was red-shifted by about 20 nm. A similar red-shift was observed on adding the dye to solutions of albumin or histones, but not on mixing the dye with DNA. Binding to basic proteins may explain the concentrative uptake of Trypan Blue in dead cells and contribute to the oncogenic transformation of phagocytotically active cells. Beta-Cells in vitro are killed by alloxan and hence represent a valid model for studying the diabetogenic action of the drug.
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PMID:Alloxan cytotoxicity in vitro. Microscope photometric analyses of Trypan Blue uptake by pancreatic islet cells in suspension. 32 58

Suspensions of endocrine pancreas cells were prepared by shaking collagenase-isolated rat islets of Langerhans in calcium-free buffer. When incubated with 1.0 mM substrate at pH 7.4, the cells split Pi from 5'-AMP at a rate of 87 nmol/h per microgram DNA, and from beta-glycerophosphate at a rate of 25 nmol/h per microgram DNA. Km for 5'-AMP was about 54 microM. Adenosine or theophylline inhibited the 5'-AMP hydrolysis. Homogenization of the cells increased the activity toward 5'-AMP by 23% and that toward beta-glycerophosphate by 115%. Injecting rats with cortisone had no effect on the 5'-AMP hydrolysis by whole cells but significantly increased the activity in cell homogenates; the intracellular activity toward 5'-AMP was more than doubled by the cortisone treatment. Staining whole islet cells for 5'-AMP-splitting activity resulted in a demarcation of the cell periphery in control rats. Cells from cortisone-treated rats showed heavier deposits of reaction product, and their cell periphery did not stand out as clearly. It is suggested that 5'-nucleotidase is largely an ectoenzyme in normal rat islet cells. The cells also contain an as yet unidentified intracellular phosphatase that seems to be solely responsible for the increased hydrolysis of 5'-AMP in cortisone-treated rats.
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PMID:5'-AMP hydrolysis by suspensions and homogenates of pancreatic islet cells from normal and cortisone-treated rats. 38 76

1. Spontaneous electrical fluctuations (+/- 0.2-0.4 mV) were recorded in 'quiescent' atrial fibres of the carp. 2. The noise decreased in acetylcholine, small hyperpolarization and EGTA. 3. The noise increased (to +/- 1-2 mV) and became more synchronous in K+-free Ringer and in ouabain. 4. Large voltage fluctuations (+/- 1-2 mV) were accompanied by a fine mechanical tremor, indicating intracellular [Ca2+] fluctuations. 5. Spectral analysis showed a clear resonant frequency at about 1 Hz, indicating that the noise cannot result from the random switching of independent ionic channels. 6. We propose that the intracellular [Ca2+] and the membrane K+-conductance are involved in a feed-back loop which can oscillate and produce the electromechanical noise. The frequency of oscillation is determined by the relatively slow diffusion of Ca2+ from the intracellular reservoir to the surface membrane.
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PMID:Electromechanical noise in atrial muscle cells of the carp: a possible ionic feed-back mechanism. 46 77

The present study is an investigation of the mechanism of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia induced by the intravenous injection of lead acetate (Pb-Ac). A total of 118 male rats were injected with 30 mg/kg of Pb-Ac, or with 16.5 mg/kg of sodium acetate as the control. The levels of serum calcium, phosphorus and lead were then determined at various time periods after the injections. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels increased with time after Pb-Ac injection and the maximum values of calcium (17 mg%) were found after 1 h and of phosphorus (13.5 mg%) after 30 min. Both calcium and phosphorus levels reverted to the normal range after 12 h. The maximum net rates of increase of calcium and phosphorus were found immediately after Pb-Ac injection. At that time, deposition of lead at the calcifying sites of bone and incisor dentin was demonstrated by a histochemical examination. In other experiments the changes in the calcium and phosphorus contents in the medium after shaking bone powder in serum with Pb-Ac in an in vitro system were studied. It was confirmed that the calcium and phosphorus were displaced from the bone mineral, the extent of the displacement being correlated with the concentration of the Pb-Ac added to the medium, and that these displacements were very rapid reactions. These results suggest that hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia following Pb-Ac injection results from a direct action of lead on the bone mineral.
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PMID:Mechanism of induction of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia by lead acetate in the rat. 59 44

Excised broiler skin tissue (12.3 cm 2 area) was (a) blended for various times up to 2 min. or (b) shaken 25, 50, or 75 times with or without sterile glass beads. Blending for 10 sec. or shaking 75 times with glass beads yielded the highest total plate count (TPC) and Enterobacteriaceae count (ENT). Counts did not significantly differ between these methods when freshly processed, unfrozen broiler skin was sampled. However, blending yielded significantly higher TPC and ENT than the conventional sampling procedure or swabbing a 12.3 cm. 2 area of the intact skin for 30 sec. with a calcium alginate swab. When sampling hard chilled (surface frozen) broiler skin, there was no significant difference between shaking and blending for TPC, but shaking gave a significantly higher ENT with less variation than blending. Blending, however, yielded significantly higher TPC and ENT counts than swabbing.
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PMID:Swab and excised tissue sampling for total and Enterobacteriaceae counts of fresh and surface-frozen broiler skin. 79 80

Recently, also detergents have been proposed for use in the pretreatment of clinical material for cultural demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One of such substances is the anionic detergent. Neckal BX (diisobutyl naphthaline sulphonate) which in combination with 0.5% sodium hydroxide, is capable of homogenization and decontamination of the material within 16-18 h of action. At the same time, the mycobacteria are accumulated in the sediment by precipitation in the presence of barium, calcium, and phosphate ions. The results obtained by the new method were compared with those obtained by the sulphuric acid method, in a paralles study of samples of sputum, gastric juice, and faeces and a second one of sputum samples only. By using two different formulas for reagents (Table 1), the mycobacterial isolation rate was shown to be dependent upon the concentration of the precipitant. By the following criteria, the Nekal method was superior over pretreatment with sulphuric acid: 1. The reduction of the number of contaminated was obvious in the cases of sputum and gastric juice samples and significant for sputum samples. (Tables 2-7). 2. Using Nekal BX, 31 out of 616 sputum samples were found to be positive; using sulphuric acid, their number was only 22. This difference was found to be statistically significant. The additional yield came primarily from material containing only few mycobacteria and samples which could not be assessed because of contamination present after pretreatment with sulphuric acid (Table 8). The average period which passed until reading of the cultures was approximately the same: 4.2 weeks for sulphuric acid and 4.4 weeks for Nekal (Table 9). When applying the new method, the material admits of mechanical shaking and need not be centrifuged. No strict control of the period of action is required. Taking into account these operational advantages, the Nekal method is considered particulary suitable for laboratories receiving high numbers of samples.
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PMID:[Use of nekal BX for pretreatment of clinical material before culture to diagnose tuberculosis (author's transl)]. 82 Jan 30

Pronounced resting tremor was produced in unanesthetized cats by injecting morphine (25-110 mug) into the caudate nucleus. The effects of morphine were antagonized by intracaudate (i.c.) injections of nalorphine (81-263 mug). Tremor activity was also inhibited by i.c. injections of dopamine (61-145 mug), Ca2+ (24-40 mug), scopolamine (88-121 mug) and hemicholinium-3 (HC-3; 73-129 mug) while serotonin (125 mug) was ineffective. Tremor inhibition by HC-3 was reversed by i.c. doses of acetylcholine (15-30 mug) which were subthreshold for tremor production in the absence of morphine. Morphine (55-110 mug) further increased the intensity of ongoing tremor activity induced by physostigmine (111 mug i.c.) I.c. injections of nalorphine antagonized the motor effects of morphine without affecting physostigmime tremor. Tremor production by morphine is attributed to a reduction in dopamine function which allows cholinergic activity in the caudate nucleus to predominate.
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PMID:Tremor production by intracaudate injections of morphine. 114 25

42 episodes of verified or clinically suspected cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in 40 bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients were treated with foscarnet (trisodium phosphonophormate hexahydrate). CMV infection was verified in 31/42 treatment episodes. Symptoms treated were pneumonia (n = 17), pancytopenia with or without fever (n = 12), enteritis (n = 5), fever (n = 4), encephalitis (n = 2), retinitis (n = 1) and hepatitis (n = 1). Foscarnet was given as a continuous intravenous infusion. Side-effects observed were increase in serum creatinine (38%), decrease in serum calcium (19%), increase in serum bilirubin (12%), decrease in hemoglobin concentration (7%), increase in serum calcium (5%), increase in serum transaminase (5%), hypophosphatemia (2%) and tremor (2%). CMV was eradicated from blood and/or urine in 11/25 (44%) of assessable treatment episodes with infection verified by isolation. Overall clinical improvements including eradication of CMV, afebrility and/or improvements in laboratory abnormalities were seen in 14/31 (45%) episodes of verified infection. All 15 patients with CMV interstitial pneumonia (CMV IP) died. We conclude that foscarnet is nephrotoxic but otherwise well tolerated with moderate clinical and virostatic effects on CMV infection. The effect on CMV IP is discouraging.
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PMID:Foscarnet for treatment of cytomegalovirus infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. 132 57


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