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 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The synthesis, physicochemical properties and interactions of two new thiocarbohydrazones, namely 1,5-bis[1-(2-pyridyl) ethylidene] thiocarbonohydrazide (APTH) and 1,5-bis[phenyl-(2-pyridyl) methylene] thiocarbonohydrazide (BPTH) have been studied as well as the use of both compounds as extracting reagents. These thiocarbohydrazones form yellow complexes with bivalent metal ions, and these are extractable into methyl isobutyl ketone. Conditions for quantitative extraction of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) are established from a critical study of the effect of pH, shaking time, reagent concentration in the organic phase, ionic strength and volume ratio of aqueous to organic phase.
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PMID:Preconcentration of cadmium, cobalt, copper, nickel and zinc by solvent extraction into methyl isobutyl ketone with 1,5-bis [1-(2-pyridyl) ethylidene] thiocarbonohydrazide and 1,5-bis [phenyl-(2-pyridyl) methylene] thiocarbonohydrazide. 1896 88

A system for separation of zinc traces from large amounts of cadmium is proposed in this paper. It is based on the solid-phase extraction of the zinc in the form of thiocyanate complexes by the polyurethane foam. The following parameters were studied: effect of pH and of the thiocyanate concentration on the zinc extraction, shaking time required for quantitative extraction, amount of PU foam necessary for complete extraction, conditions for the separation of zinc from cadmium, influence of other cations and anions on the zinc sorption by PU foam, and required conditions for back extraction of zinc from the PU foam. The results show that zinc traces can be separated from large amounts of cadmium at pH 3.0+/-0.50, with the range of thiocyanate concentration from 0.15 to 0.20 mol l(-1), and the shaking time of 5 min. The back extraction of zinc can be done by shaking it with water for 10 min. Calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, aluminum, nickel and iron(II) are efficiently separated. Iron(III), copper(II) and cobalt(II) are extracted simultaneously with zinc, but the iron reduction with ascorbic acid and the use of citrate to mask copper(II) and cobalt(II) increase the selectivity of the zinc extraction. The anions nitrate, chloride, sulfate, acetate, thiosulphate, tartarate, oxalate, fluoride, citrate, and carbonate do not affect the zinc extraction. Phosphate and EDTA must be absent. The method proposed was applied to determine zinc in cadmium salts using 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) as a spectrophotometric reagent. The result achieved did not show significant difference in the accuracy and precision (95% confidence level) with those obtained by ICP-AES analysis.
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PMID:Quantitative separation of zinc traces from cadmium matrices by solid-phase extraction with polyurethane foam. 1896 83

The present work describes a novel method for the incorporation of Nile blue A into polyurethane foam matrix. This foam material was found to be very suitable for the extraction of metal ions from aqueous solutions. The characterization of Nile blue A grafted foam and the effect of halide concentration, pH, shaking time, extraction isotherm and capacity have been investigated. This foam material was found to be suitable for the separation and preconcentration of iron (III), zinc (II), cadmium (II) and mercury (II) from waste water. The extraction was accomplished in (15-20) minutes. Iron was separated from acid medium (2-4 M HCl), zinc from (3-5 M HCl), cadmium from (4-6 M HCl) as thiocyanate complexes and mercury was separated from (1-2 M HCl) as chloride.
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PMID:Preconcentration and separation of iron, zinc, cadmium and mercury, from waste water using Nile blue a grafted polyurethane foam. 1896 73

Removal of heavy metals from wastewater is obligatory in order to avoid water pollution. In the present study, performance of Dowex HCR S/S cation exchange resin was evaluated for removal of nickel and zinc from aqueous solutions. Batch shaking adsorption experiments were performed in order to examine the effects of pH, dosage of resin and contact time on removal process. It was observed that more than 98% removal efficiency was achieved under optimal conditions for nickel and zinc. The experimental equilibrium data were tested for the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. Correlation coefficients indicate the following order to fit isotherms: Langmuir>Freundlich>Temkin for both nickel and zinc ions. Pseudo-first- and -second-order kinetic models were used for describing kinetic data. It was determined that removal of Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) was well-fitted by second-order reaction kinetic. Furthermore, separation factors and distribution coefficients of nickel and zinc for Dowex HCR S/S were calculated.
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PMID:Kinetics and equilibrium studies for the removal of nickel and zinc from aqueous solutions by ion exchange resins. 1920 Oct 87

The aim of this study was to determine oxidative stress status as well as blood lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) levels and clinical markers in workers of a Zn-Pb mine. A comparative cross-sectional analysis was performed in 67 mine workers who have been in contact with Zn and Pb in comparison to a control group containing 67 healthy subjects with the same age and sex. Lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, myleoperoxidase, DNA damage, total antioxidant capacity, Zn, and Pb levels were measured in blood of workers and controls. Clinical examination was accomplished to record any abnormal sign or symptoms. Comparing with controls, the workers showed higher blood levels of superoxide dismutase, myleoperoxidase, glutathione reductase, lipid peroxidation, Pb, and Zn. Workers showed lower DNA-damage as compared with controls. Workers showed clinical symptoms such as memory impairment, less of concentration, insomnia, headache, claudication, epigasteric, inappetence, agitation, tremor, decreasing of reflection of deep tendon, conduction deafness of ear, and fatigue. The workers had extra normal levels of Pb (0.9-3 microg/dL) and showed oxidative stress. Taken together, the results indicate that exposure to combination of Pb and Zn in mine elevates total antioxidant capacity of body in a reflex to overcome to oxidative stress. Especially, in the present case, it seems that toxic effect of Pb has been greater than positive effects of Zn, but the combination exposure has resulted in not such a critical toxicity situation.
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PMID:Study on clinical and biochemical toxicity biomarkers in a zinc-lead mine workers. 2037 35

Two new silica-gel phases were produced directly via the chemical interaction of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane modified silica gel with 8-aminoquioline, phase I and 2-aminopyridine, phase II under reflux conditions. The selectivity properties exhibited by the phases under investigation for the uptake of Ca(II), Mg(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) were determined at different pH values and shaking times under static conditions. The immobilization process and binding of metal ions to the phases were proved via infrared spectra. The phases showed high performance towards Ca(II) extraction at pH 10.00. The equilibrium data were better fitted with a Langmuir model (r(2) = 0.985). The adsorption kinetics data were best fitted with the pseudo-second-order type. Good validation was obtained on applications of the two phases for the separation and determination of Ca(II) in natural water and pharmaceutical samples with no matrix interferences at pH 10.00 under dynamic conditions prior to determination by AAS.
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PMID:Solid-phase extractors based on 8-aminoquinoline and 2-aminopyridine covalently bonded to silica gel for the selective separation and determination of calcium in natural water and pharmaceutical samples. 2041 May 71

A novel bacterium capable of degrading 17beta-estradiol (E2) was isolated from the activated sludge collected from wastewater treatment plant of an oral contraceptives producing factory in Xianju, Zhejiang. According to its morphology, physiochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, this strain was identified as Bacillus sp. The optimal pH and temperature for E2 biodegradation in shaking flasks were 7.5 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The enhanced action of peptone and Lab-Lemco were quite obvious; metal ions such as Ba2+, Zn2+, Sn2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, Pb2+ inhibited degradation, and the actions were ordinal increasing; the addition such as Ca2+, Fe2+, KNO and amylum had no obvious effect on the degradation of E2. Furthermore, this strain could degrade E2 completely within 7 days with initial concentration ranged from 0.5 to 50 mg/L and was capable of converting E2 to estrone (E1), then to nonestrogenic compounds, thus 95% of initial estrogenic activities was decreased within 15 days during the biodegradation process.
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PMID:[Isolation, identification of 17beta-estradiol (E2)-degrading strain and its degradation characteristics]. 2062 70

Wilson's disease is an inherited disorder leading to accumulation of copper in tissues, mainly in the liver and brain. Genetic defect is in the gene coding ATPase type P (ATP7B). The inheritance is autosomal recessive. Up to now, more then 500 mutations causing Wilson's disease were described. The most frequent mutation in Central Europe is mutation H1069Q. The manifestation of Wilson's disease is usually hepatic or neurologic. Hepatic form is manifested by acute or chronic hepatitis, steatosis or cirrhosis. Neurologic involvement is manifested usually after 20 year of age by motor disturbances (tremor, disturbed speech, problems with writing), which could progress into severe extrapyramidal syndrome with tremor, rigidity, dysartria, dysfagia and muscle contracture. Diagnosis is based on clinical and laboratory examinations (neurologic symptoms, liver disease, low serum ceruloplasmin levels, elevated free copper concentration in serum, high urine copper excretion, and presence of Kayser-Fleischer rings). Confirmation of diagnosis is done by hepatic copper concentration in liver biopsy or by genetic examination. Untreated disease leads to the death of a patient. Treatment is based on chelating agents decreasing the copper content by excretion into urine (D-penicillamine, trientine) or on agents preventing absorption of copper from food (zinc, ammonium-tetrahiomolybdene). Patients with asymptomatic Wilson's disease have to be treated as well. In Czech Republic either penicillamine or zinc are used. Liver transplantation is indicated in patients with fulminant liver failure or decompensated cirrhosis. Screening in families of affected patients (all siblings) is obvious.
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PMID:[Wilson's disease]. 2066 62

Bacterial attachment and growth on material surfaces are considered to be the primary steps leading to the formation of biofilm. Biofilms in hospital and food processing settings can result in bacterial infection and food contamination, respectively. Prevention of bacterial attachment, therefore, is considered to be the best strategy for abating these menaces and therefore the development of antibacterial metals becomes important. In this study, nine pure metals, viz. titanium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, tin, and lead have been tested for their antibacterial properties against two bacterial strains, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. This was accomplished using two assay methods, the film contact method and the shaking flask method. The results show that the antibacterial properties varied significantly with different metals and the effectiveness of metals to resist bacterial attachment varied with the bacterial strain. Among the metals tested, titanium and tin did not exhibit antibacterial properties. TEM images showed that metal accumulation resulted in the disruption of the bacterial cell wall and other cellular components.
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PMID:Antibacterial properties of nine pure metals: a laboratory study using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 2093 49

Wilson disease is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder of copper balance leading to hepatic damage and neurological disturbance of variable degree. The defective gene, ATP7B, encodes a hepatic copper-transporting protein, which plays a key role in human copper metabolism. Our knowledge of the genetic basis of Wilson disease has increased dramatically; however, understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation and multifarious effects of copper toxicity as basis for targeted and individualised therapy strategies is still insufficient. Clinical manifestations are related to copper accumulation predominantly in the liver and brain and include hepatic disease ranging from mild hepatitis to acute liver failure or cirrhosis and/or neurological symptoms such as dystonia, tremor, dysarthria, psychiatric disturbances. Mixed presentations occur frequently. Early recognition by means of clinical, biochemical or genetic examination and initiation of therapy with copper chelators, zinc salts or even liver transplantation in cases of acute and chronic liver failure are essential for favourable outcome.
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PMID:Wilson disease. 2095 57


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