Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The application of ion-selective electrodes is discussed for the kinetic determination of K+ and Na+ concentrations in the system, containing human red blood cells modified by nystatin. A series of mixed solutions was worked out, according to which the Na(+)-glass and the K(+)-thick membrane valinomycin electrodes were calibrated. The human erythrocytes were washed for 3 times with the basic solution (in mol per liter: 0.141 NaCl, 0.004 KCl, 0.002 CaCl2, 0.003 MgCl2, 0.01 glucose), and then were resuspended in it. The suspension was kept in a shaking bath at 37 degrees C. The modification of the cell membranes was performed by the introduction of different amounts of the antibiotic nystatin into the probe. Under these conditions the concentration of Na+ decreased, while K+ concentration increased. The values of concentration were registered ionometrically. In an hour and a half the stationary lines were obtained. Being based on the values of the stationary cation concentrations and the final concentrations, registered after the complete lysis of erythrocytes promoted by saponin, the ratio of cation fluxes across the modified membrane to the flux across the nonmodified membrane was calculated in accordance with the Hodgkin-Katz equation.
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PMID:[An ionometric study of Na+ and K+ fluxes across the nystatin-modified human erythrocyte membrane]. 165 Sep 67

Male Wistar rats were pretreated with phenobarbital, 3-methyl-cholanthrene, or polychlorinated biphenyl. The S9 fraction was isolated from their livers. An amount of 40-microliters territrem (TRA, B, or C) (1 mg/ml methanol) was added to 5-ml reaction mixtures containing S9 (8 mg protein), NADP sodium salt (20 mumol), glucose-6-phosphate monosodium salt (25 mumol), MgCl2 (40 mumol), KCl (165 mumol), and sodium phosphate buffer, 0.1 M, pH 7.4, after preincubation for 5 min. Further incubation was carried out for 30 min by shaking (100 ocillations/min). The reaction was stopped by adding 2 ml acetone. The acetone was then removed by evaporation in a hood at room temperature. The residue was lyophilized and extracted with 2 ml methanol 3 times. When TRB was a substrate, at least four blue fluorescent products, designated as MB1, MB2, MB3, and MB4, were found in the methanol extract by TLC under view of long-wave UV light. MB2 was the major product. When TRA or TRC was a substrate, two products, MA1 (the major product) and MA2 from TRA, and one product, MC from TRC, were, respectively, detected in the methanol extract. The formation of the products was dependent on the presence of S9, NADP, glucose-6-phosphate, and territrem. The reaction was enhanced by pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital. It was demonstrated that MB2 and MA1 are hydroxylated products of the methyl group at the C4 position of TRB and TRA. MB4 was identified as TRC. MC was shown to be identical to MB1, which was the hydroxylated product at the methyl group of C4 position of TRC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Biotransformation of territrems by S9 fraction from rat liver. 168 Jun 23

A rapid sensitive technique was developed for the analysis of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in plasma stored in plastic bags by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection and a Hypersil ODS column. The compound was easily and efficiently extracted with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and acetonitrile, which allowed the deproteinization of plasma samples. The recovery was greater than 95% and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were better than 6.5%. The results obtained showed that the amount of DEHP accumulated in plasma varied according to different parameters and depended on the storage conditions (time, temperature and shaking) and also on the lipid content of the stored plasma and the sterilization process of the PVC bags.
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PMID:Rapid determination by high performance liquid chromatography of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in plasma stored in plastic bags. 186 66

The transport system of taurine was investigated in fragments of goldfish retina prepared from the total tissue and from concentric regions: center and periphery. A high-affinity, saturable, sodium-dependent system was demonstrated in the three types of fragments. The Km for one-site analysis was similar in the two regions and the total retina. The analysis for two sites revealed a significant higher Km for the high-affinity site in fragments from the central region. The maximal uptake rate was higher in the central zone than in the total retina or the periphery. The Hill slopes obtained from saturation experiments of fragments of total retina, center, and periphery were similar to one other and near to 1. The slope of the time course uptake was intermediate for total retina and higher in the center than in the periphery. Hypotaurine and beta-alanine were found to inhibit taurine uptake, but GABA was a weak inhibitor. The values of Ki for hypotaurine by one- and two-site analysis were lower in the central region. The disruption of photoreceptors by shaking did not modify significantly the uptake of the amino acid. Remotion of endogenous taurine by dialysis of central and peripheral fragments increased the uptake in the periphery, but not in the center. The differences observed among the three samples revealed less affinity and high capacity for taurine uptake in the center, plus a higher sensitivity of inhibition. In addition, the peripheral zone had a greater affinity for taurine, and the maximal velocity of the entrance seems to be inhibited by the higher concentration of the amino acid in this zone. These observations may reflect differences between proliferating and non-proliferating regions of the retina (i.e., periphery and center).
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PMID:Differential taurine uptake in central and peripheral regions of goldfish retina. 190 45

Drugs that stimulate adrenergic receptors are expected to affect glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, it was deemed to be of interest to assess whether the new selective beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, broxaterol, exerts any metabolic effect. Broxaterol has been evaluated in 21 patients, 18 men and 3 women, aged 34 to 80 years, with a diagnosis of reversible obstructive airways disease. Broxaterol was administered orally at doses of 0.5 mg thrice daily for 1-12 months, according to an open design. In addition to metabolic parameters (plasma glucose, insulin, high and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, glycerol, sodium, potassium), arterial pH, partial arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressure, lung function tests--forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF75-25) and specific airways conductance (SGaw)--heart rate and blood pressure were assessed at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12 months of treatment. No statistically significant change from baseline was observed in the levels of plasma glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, or free fatty acids. Plasma levels of insulin, glycerol and sodium only increased in the first three months of treatment; a slight hypokalaemia was also observed during the same period. The bronchodilation (significant increase in FEV1, MMEF75-25, SGaw) was maintained throughout the study; no hospital admission was necessary. Tremor, palpitations and restlessness were reported in six patients; no significant changes in heart rate and blood pressure were observed. The data suggest that the metabolic effects of long-term treatment with oral broxaterol can be considered as very negligible.
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PMID:Negligible metabolic effects of long-term oral treatment with a new beta 2-agonist: broxaterol. 198 79

Thirty patients with persistent chronic daily headache, unresponsive to various combinations of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment were selected for an open label study using divalproex sodium. All patients had normal liver function tests. After a baseline observation period of 1 month, patients were given divalproex sodium 1000 to 2000 mg per day, for a period of 3 months. Blood valproic acid levels were kept between 75 and 100 mcg/ml. Liver function studies and blood ammonia levels were obtained periodically. Based on weekly headache index, headache-free days, dysfunctional days and patients' general well-being rating and physicians' global assessment, two thirds of the patients improved significantly. The common side effects included weight gain, tremor, hair loss and nausea. Liver functions were unaffected by treatment. The possible mechanism of action of valproate in headache is discussed. Valproate appears to be a worthwhile addition to the prophylactic treatment of chronic recurrent headache.
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PMID:Valproate in the treatment of persistent chronic daily headache. An open label study. 203 76

A study is carried out on 64 first grade school children for establishing the effect of computer training on the functional status of principally engaged systems with the purpose to determine the optimum duration of work with video terminal during the school day. The examinations are performed before and after computer lessons in mathematics and Bulgarian language in days with one and two lessons, and with the same subjects taught in the traditional way (control group). Traced are the changes in the accommodation, the eye rheobase, critical frequency of fusing the light flickers, resistance, volume and accuracy of the visual perception, static tremor and excretion of sodium and potassium in the saliva. The data point out to relatively higher pressure at work on video terminal in comparison with the traditional education. This imposes restriction in the duration of the lesson up to 20 minutes. The inclusion of second inconsistent computer lessons in the educational programme has no unfavourable effect on the functional status of the organism.
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PMID:[The effect of instruction with computers on the functional state of first-graders]. 209 48

Eleven cows in late lactation were exposed to butyric acid for three weeks and were compared to five controls. Two intraruminal doses were daily applied, that is 1.0 g/kg B.W. of butyric acid to six animals and 1.0 g/kg B.W. of sodium butyrate to another five. Decline in milk yield was clinically recorded in response to butyric acid, while muscle tremor and diarrhoea resulted additionally from sodium butyrate. Behaviours of the clinico-chemical parameters of beta-OH-butyrate, glucose, free fatty acids, bilirubin, ASAT, gamma-GT, AP, and cholesterol were comparable to those in fattening bulls. Liver damage was not safely established. Some of the clinico-chemical alterations were more strongly pronounced after administration of sodium butyrate. One cow fell ill with ketosis under butyric acid load.
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PMID:[Subacute butyric acid exposure in cattle. 4. Clinical influence and effect on the carbohydrate-fat metabolism and liver function of cows]. 210 47

Mexiletine is a Class IB antiarrhythmic which has basic and clinical electrophysiologic properties similar to lidocaine. Like other Class I antiarrhythmic agents, mexiletine blocks the rapid inward sodium current responsible for phase 0 of the action potential. It has been noted in the clinical electrophysiology laboratory to have minimal effect on sinus node function and AV nodal and His-Purkinje system conduction. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that oral absorption is rapid with bioavailability of 80-90%. Mexiletine is predominantly metabolized by the liver with elimination half-life of 9 to 12 hours. The antiarrhythmic effects of the primary drug's metabolites remain to be defined. Hemodynamic studies have shown mexiletine to have a lesser negative inotropic effect than procainamide or disopyramide. Although mexiletine as a single agent successfully suppresses 60 to 80% of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias, it has lower efficacy in suppression of induced ventricular arrhythmias. Multiple studies have shown that as monotherapy mexiletine is effective in preventing the induction of ventricular tachycardia in approximately 20% of patients. When used in combination with a Class IA antiarrhythmic drug for suppression of induced ventricular arrhythmias, multiple investigators have reported greater efficacy. Neurological side effects (tremor, dizziness, memory loss) occur in approximately 10% of patients while gastrointestinal side effects (nausea, anorexia, gastric irritation) occur in up to 40% of patients. Proarrhythmia or other serious toxicity from the drug is uncommon.
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PMID:Mexiletine: pharmacology and therapeutic use. 218 14

Freely-moving, posthatch chicks were individually presented 2 concentrations each of quinine, citric acid, fructose, sucrose, sodium saccharin, and distilled water and their behavioral reactions were videotaped and analyzed. Already during the first posthatch day distinct rejection responses to quinine and citric acid could be recognized. Prolonged head shaking and beak clapping episodes were the most dominant features of these reactions. While responses to water and sweet stimuli could be interpreted as acceptance behaviors, the resolution was generally not fine enough to discriminate between reactions to the 2 different sweet concentrations of these stimuli or between them and water. When only water or sugar solutions were presented to other hatchlings in a single session, there was a suggestion of more definite acceptance behavior to some sweet stimuli as compared to water. It is concluded that the systems mediating aversive gustatory responses are present and functioning in posthatching chicks while acceptance responses, though present, are less discriminative among stimuli.
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PMID:Behavioral reactions to gustatory stimuli in young chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus). 236 34


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