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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings were fed nickel sulphate in their diet from day one to 90 days of age. Ducklings fed 1,200 ppm nickel began to tremor and show signs of paresis after 14 days of dosage (age) and 71% of this group died within 60 days of age. Birds fed 1,200 ppm nickel weighed significantly less (P less than 0.05) at 28 days of age than birds fed the other diets. Weights of ducklings fed untreated food or dietary dosages of 200 and 800 ppm nickel diets were not significantly different (P less than 0.05). The weight/length ratio of the humerus (an expression of bone density) from the 800 ppm diet females was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) than the control fed females at 30 and 60 days and for all ducklings fed 1,200 ppm at 30 days of age. The organ-weight/body-weight ratios for heart, liver, and gizzard did not differ from controls or between any dosage group. Liver nickel residues from ducklings that died during this study ranged between 1.0 to 22.7 ppm and kidney residues ranged between 2.7 and 74.4 ppm. Liver and kidney tissues from all ducklings that survived to 90 days of age contained less than 1.0 ppm nickel.
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PMID:Effects of dietary nickel on survival and growth of mallard ducklings. 732 92

Bentonite clay has been used for the adsorption of Fe(II) from aqueous solutions over a concentration range of 80-200 mg/l, shaking time of 1-60 min, adsorbent dosage from 0.02 to 2 g and pH of 3. The process of uptake follows both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and also the first-order kinetics. The maximum removal (>98%) was observed at pH of 3 with initial concentration of 100 mg/l and 0.5 g of bentonite. The efficiency of Fe(II) removal was also tested using wastewater from a galvanized pipe manufacturing industry. More than 90% of Fe(II) can be effectively removed from the wastewater by using 2.0 g of the bentonite. The effect of cations (i.e. zinc, manganese, lead, cadmium, nickel, cobalt, chromium and copper) on the removal of Fe(II) was studied in the concentration range of 10-500 mg/l. All the added cations reduced the adsorption of Fe(II) at high concentrations except Zn. Column studies have also been carried out using a certain concentration of wastewater. More than 99% recovery has been achieved by using 5 g of the bentonite with 3M nitric acid solution.
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PMID:Removal of Fe(II) from the wastewater of a galvanized pipe manufacturing industry by adsorption onto bentonite clay. 1553 87

A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of freely dissolved copper concentrations in aqueous samples after preconcentration with hollow fiber membrane extraction has been developed. The method is based on the equilibrium sampling through a selective membrane into an acceptor solution containing 4-(pyridyl-2-azo)resorcinol (PAR), which serves as stripping agent and metal indicator. Negligible extraction of interferences and equilibrium enrichment of copper allowed for selective spectrophotometric determination of the Cu-PAR complex. Some important extraction parameters such as acceptor composition, shaking, equilibrium time, and sample volume were studied. The optimized methodology showed good linearity in the range of 5-100 microg/L, an enrichment factor of 93, good repeatability and reproducibility (RSDs < 6%, n = 6), and a detection limit of 4 microg/L. The cationic metals Ni2+, C(2+, Cd2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ were shown not to interfere with the measurement of Cu2+. Measurements on samples containing mixtures of various ligands and cations were in good agreement with theoretically calculated concentrations, and the method was also applied to environmental samples. The developed technique requires less labor and less sophisticated equipment than conventional methods typically based on atomic absorption spectrometry or ICP.
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PMID:Equilibrium sampling through membranes of freely dissolved copper concentrations with selective hollow fiber membranes and the spectrophotometric detection of a metal stripping agent. 1631 67

Movement proteins (MPs) that facilitate virus movement in the plants were identified in a number of plant viruses. In this study, full-length MP gene of the Chinese isolate Barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV (BYDV-GAV) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. About 32% of the expressed MP was soluble providing the concentration of isopropyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG), time of the induction, temperature and shaking speed were optimized. The soluble MP was purified using nickel-affinity column. Immune serum prepared against purified MP was used for the detection of MP in the BYDV-GAV infected leaves of oat and in the leaves of transgenic wheat plants expressing the full-length and truncated MP gene.
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PMID:Expression of the barley yellow dwarf virus-GAV movement protein and its detection in the infected and transgenic plants. 1807 5

The extracelluar domain I-IV of target gene VEGFR2 (Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) was cloned from villus of trimester abortion by RT-PCR, and linked to the expression vectors. Then, the transfection conditions were optimized in serum-free suspension culture HEK293 using GFP (Green fluorescence protein) as the report gene. The results showed that the optimal transfection efficiency and cell number were obtained when the ratio of foreign DNA: PEI = 1:2 (W/W), DNA = 1.5 g /10(6) cells and shaking speed (120 r/min) in serum free medium in the beginning 4 hours of transfection. After optimizing the transfection conditions, the expression vector was successfully constructed for transient gene expression in HEK293, COS-7, and CHO-K1. The result shows that the target protein was only detected in CHO-K1 supernatant. Because of the C-terminal 8-His tag of target protein, target protein was subsequently purified using Ni2+-IDA and 5 mg purified protein was obtained in 1.5 L supernatant of CHOK1.
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PMID:[Transient gene expression of soluble VEGFR2: I-IV]. 1872 1

A new approach to the determination of carbon disulphide and carbonyl sulphide in the presence of each other is based on the reaction with 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), and titration with o-hydroxymercurybenzoie acid (HMB) before and after the selective decomposition of the COS-derivative at pH 4. Determination of hydrogen sulphide, thiols, carbon disulphide and carbonyl sulphide in the presence of each other in hydrocarbon solvents involves four titrations with HMB, viz. of all compounds after conversion of CS(2) and COS with DAP, of thiols plus H(2)S, of the thiols alone after removal of H(2)S by extraction, and of CS(2) alone after removal of other compounds by shaking with aqueous alkali. For selective trapping of H(2)S, HCN, RSH, CO(2) and CS(2) + COS, the sample gas is passed successively through a potassium antimonyl tartrate filter, a nickel carbonate filter, a tributyltin chloride filter, a bubbler containing 40% potassium hydroxide solution and a bubbler containing a benzene solution of DAP. The analysis is completed by titration with HMB with dithizone or dithiofluorescein as indicator.
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PMID:Thiomercurimetric determination of carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide, thiols and hydrogen sulphide by use of 1,3-diaminopropane and tributyltin chloride. 1896 59

A new method is proposed for collecting traces of nickel from aqueous solution by precipitation as the alpha-furildioxime complex and adsorption of this onto microcrystalline naphthalene. The precipitate is collected, dried, and dissolved in chloroform, and the nickel is determined spectrophotometrically at 438 nm. The linear calibration range is 2-35 mug/10 ml. The molar absorptivity is 1.6 x 10(4) l. mole(-1). cm(-1). The main advantage is that the nickel is collected quantitatively after only a few seconds'shaking. The effect of varying pH, amount of reagent, naphthalene or buffer, shaking and standing time, and interferences have been investigated.
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PMID:Spectrophotometric determination of nickel after separation by adsorption of its alpha-furildioxime complex on naphthalene. 1896 60

A system for separation of zinc traces from large amounts of cadmium is proposed in this paper. It is based on the solid-phase extraction of the zinc in the form of thiocyanate complexes by the polyurethane foam. The following parameters were studied: effect of pH and of the thiocyanate concentration on the zinc extraction, shaking time required for quantitative extraction, amount of PU foam necessary for complete extraction, conditions for the separation of zinc from cadmium, influence of other cations and anions on the zinc sorption by PU foam, and required conditions for back extraction of zinc from the PU foam. The results show that zinc traces can be separated from large amounts of cadmium at pH 3.0+/-0.50, with the range of thiocyanate concentration from 0.15 to 0.20 mol l(-1), and the shaking time of 5 min. The back extraction of zinc can be done by shaking it with water for 10 min. Calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, aluminum, nickel and iron(II) are efficiently separated. Iron(III), copper(II) and cobalt(II) are extracted simultaneously with zinc, but the iron reduction with ascorbic acid and the use of citrate to mask copper(II) and cobalt(II) increase the selectivity of the zinc extraction. The anions nitrate, chloride, sulfate, acetate, thiosulphate, tartarate, oxalate, fluoride, citrate, and carbonate do not affect the zinc extraction. Phosphate and EDTA must be absent. The method proposed was applied to determine zinc in cadmium salts using 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol (PAR) as a spectrophotometric reagent. The result achieved did not show significant difference in the accuracy and precision (95% confidence level) with those obtained by ICP-AES analysis.
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PMID:Quantitative separation of zinc traces from cadmium matrices by solid-phase extraction with polyurethane foam. 1896 83

Removal of heavy metals from wastewater is obligatory in order to avoid water pollution. In the present study, performance of Dowex HCR S/S cation exchange resin was evaluated for removal of nickel and zinc from aqueous solutions. Batch shaking adsorption experiments were performed in order to examine the effects of pH, dosage of resin and contact time on removal process. It was observed that more than 98% removal efficiency was achieved under optimal conditions for nickel and zinc. The experimental equilibrium data were tested for the Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms. Correlation coefficients indicate the following order to fit isotherms: Langmuir>Freundlich>Temkin for both nickel and zinc ions. Pseudo-first- and -second-order kinetic models were used for describing kinetic data. It was determined that removal of Ni(2+) and Zn(2+) was well-fitted by second-order reaction kinetic. Furthermore, separation factors and distribution coefficients of nickel and zinc for Dowex HCR S/S were calculated.
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PMID:Kinetics and equilibrium studies for the removal of nickel and zinc from aqueous solutions by ion exchange resins. 1920 Oct 87

Bacterial attachment and growth on material surfaces are considered to be the primary steps leading to the formation of biofilm. Biofilms in hospital and food processing settings can result in bacterial infection and food contamination, respectively. Prevention of bacterial attachment, therefore, is considered to be the best strategy for abating these menaces and therefore the development of antibacterial metals becomes important. In this study, nine pure metals, viz. titanium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, molybdenum, tin, and lead have been tested for their antibacterial properties against two bacterial strains, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. This was accomplished using two assay methods, the film contact method and the shaking flask method. The results show that the antibacterial properties varied significantly with different metals and the effectiveness of metals to resist bacterial attachment varied with the bacterial strain. Among the metals tested, titanium and tin did not exhibit antibacterial properties. TEM images showed that metal accumulation resulted in the disruption of the bacterial cell wall and other cellular components.
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PMID:Antibacterial properties of nine pure metals: a laboratory study using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. 2093 49


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