Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Krabbe disease or globoid cell leukodystrophy is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder caused by the deficiency of galactocerebrosidase, the lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of galactose from galactosylceramide and galactosylsphingosine (psychosine). Psychosine accumulation results in the loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes in the brain of Krabbe patients as well as twitcher mice (natural model of human Krabbe disease). The aim of the present research was to investigate in twitcher mice the potential role of a diet deficient in galactose enriched in soy isoflavones and a pool of antioxidants molecules, such as l-glutathione, coenzyme Q10, xanthophylls, in counteracting the toxic effects derived by psychosine accumulation. A second goal of this manuscript was to demonstrate suppression of the apoptotic effects of psychosine in cultured oligodendrocyte progenitor mice cells (OLP-II) with antioxidants. The affected twitcher mice began the milk-derivatives free diet on post-natal day 15 although they also received mother's milk until post-natal day 18. Nevertheless, average life span was increased 50%, from 32+/-2 to 48+/-3 days, onset of tremor was delayed 17 days (from 21 days in the untreated twitcher mice to 38 days in the treated affected mice) and the gait in the treated mice was normal until almost a week after the untreated animals died (38+/-1 days versus 32 days at death). Weight gain in the treated animals also progressed to 38 days compared with 22 days for the untreated affected twitcher mice. Protection of the OLP-II cells against psychosine was shown using the MTT test (the ability of the tetrazolium salt MTT to form a dark blue formazan product by mitochondrial dehydrogenase in viable cells) and assay of expression of p53 and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The results showed a time-dependent and concentration-dependent decrease of OLP-II viability on exposure to psychosine and dose-dependent protection with the antioxidants xanthophylls and glutathione. They also demonstrated that psychosine-induced p53 induction of apoptosis and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors could be decreased by l-glutathione and xanthophylls. A dietary approach may constitute a promising clinical management of the late-infantile and juvenile forms of Krabbe leukodystrophy.
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PMID:A galactose-free diet enriched in soy isoflavones and antioxidants results in delayed onset of symptoms of Krabbe disease in twitcher mice. 2041 35

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) or Krabbe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting from the defective lysosomal enzyme galactocerebrosidase (GALC). The lack of GALC enzyme leads to severe neurological symptoms. While most human patients are infants who do not survive beyond 2 years of age, older patients are also diagnosed. In addition to human patients, several naturally occurring animal models, including dog, mouse, and monkey, have also been identified. The mouse model of Krabbe disease, twitcher (twi) mouse has been used for many treatment trials including gene therapy. Using the combination of intracerebroventricular, intracerebellar, and intravenous (iv) injection of the adeno-associated virus serotype rh10 (AAVrh10) expressing mouse GALC in neonate twi mice we previously have demonstrated a significantly extended normal life and exhibition of normal behavior in treated mice. In spite of the prolonged healthy life of these treated mice and improved myelination, it is unlikely that using multiple injection sites for viral administration will be approved for treatment of human patients. In this study, we have explored the outcome of the single iv injection of viral vector at post-natal day 10 (PND10). This has resulted in increased GALC activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and high GALC activity in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). As we have shown previously, an iv injection of AAVrh10 at PND2 results in a small extension of life beyond the typical lifespan of the untreated twi mice (~40 days). In this study, we report that mice receiving a single iv injection at PND10 had no tremor and continued to gain weight until a few weeks before they died. On average, they lived 20-25 days longer than untreated mice. We anticipate that this strategy in combination with other therapeutic options may be beneficial and applicable to treatment of human patients.
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PMID:Intravenous injection of AAVrh10-GALC after the neonatal period in twitcher mice results in significant expression in the central and peripheral nervous systems and improvement of clinical features. 2553 12