Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), sodium valproate, AF-3-5 (1-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4-[3-nitrophenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one), RX336-M (7,8-dihydro-5',6'-dimethylcyclohex-5'-eno-1',2',8',14 codeinone), and Sgd 8473 (alpha-[4-chlorobenzylideneamino)-oxy]-isobutyric acid) each induced repetitive shaking of the body of rats after intraperitoneal injection. This action of the five diverse chemicals appears to be subserved by a common pharmacological component, because pretreatment with d-lysergic acid diethylamide (0.03--1.0 mg kg-1, s.c.) attenuated the shaking behavior in a dose-related manner, and cross tolerance was found between RX336-M and TRH, sodium valproate, and AG-3-5.
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PMID:Lysergic acid diethylamide antagonizes shaking induced in rats by five chemically different compounds. 9 68

In virtually all fur-coated and feathered animals, shaking movements of the body, similar to that made by a dog when wet, occur in response to irritation of the skin or in response to sensations of intense cold. Vigorous shaking movements occur in rats undergoing opiate withdrawal. I was led by this observation to investigations on the pharmacology of agents that stimulate or inhibit shaking. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, injected centrally at submicrogram doses, produced in nondependent, barbiturate-anesthetized animals, shaking behavior identical in its general features to that of morphine withdrawal. AG-3-5 (1-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4[3-nitrophenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one), another chemical stimulant of shaking, produced specific sensations of cold in man by a peripheral site of action. In this context, it should be noted that sensations of cold, and the associated emotional discomfort, are conspicuous symptoms of opiate withdrawal in man. Shaking movements elicited by a variety of stimuli were inhibited by central administration of nanomolar doses of drugs that act as agonists on opiate, muscarinic, and alpha-adrenergic receptors. These observations may provide information on a) the identity of substances in brain that, when released, provoke opiate withdrawal signs and symptoms; b) the chemical nature of substances that stimulate peripheral cold receptors; and c) the pharmacologic classification of centrally acting agents that attenuate withdrawal and produce antinociception.
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PMID:Pharmacological aspects of shaking behavior produced by TRH, AG-3-5, and morphine withdrawal. 626 May 35

RX 336-M (7,8-dihydro-5',6'-dimethylcyclohex-5'-eno-1',2',8',14 codeinone) and four other chemically-diverse agents--AG-3-5 (1-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4-[3-nitrophenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one), Sgd 8473 (alpha-[4-chlorobenzylideneamino)-oxy]-isobutyric acid), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and sodium valproate--each induce signs of withdrawal, most notably 'wet-dog' shaking, after acute i.p. administration in drug-naive rats. They are therefore additions to a recently recognized and, as yet, ill-defined class of behaviorally active compounds. The pharmacological baselines that link these disparate agents together have been studied in the present work, using 'wet-dog' shaking as the behavioral measure and RX 336-M as the reference shake-inducing compound. Peripheral administration of clonidine, haloperidol, d-lysergic acid diethylamide, or morphine suppressed chemically induced shaking: naloxone had no marked effect. Reverse tolerance was associated with TRH-induced shaking whereas tolerance occurred with the other four compounds. Cross-tolerance interactions were asymmetrical. Thus, rats rendered tolerant to RX 336-M were cross-tolerant to AG-3-5, TRH, and sodium valproate but not to Sgd 8473; in contrast, RX 336-M-induced shaking was only significantly reduced in rats made tolerant to Sgd 8473. In view of the unidirectional nature of the cross-tolerance relationships studied, it is concluded that AG-3-5, Sgd 8473, sodium valproate, and TRH initiate 'wet-dog' shaking through neural substrates that differ from the one(s) associated with RX 336-M. Nevertheless, all five compounds may eventually trigger a common shake-inducing mechanism.
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PMID:RX 336-M, a new chemical tool in the analysis of the quasi-morphine withdrawal syndrome. 678 43