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A microbial consortium consisting of a white-rot fungus 8-4* and a Pseudomonas 1-10 was isolated from wastewater treatment facilities of a local dyeing house by enrichment, using azo dye Direct Fast Scarlet 4BS as the sole source of carbon and energy, which had a high capacity for rapid decolorization of 4BS. To elucidate the decolorization mechanisms, decolorization of 4BS was compared between individual strains and the microbial consortium under different treatment processes. The microbial consortium showed a significant improvement on dye decolorization rates under either static or shaking culture, which might be attributed to the synergetic reaction of single strains. From the curve of COD values and the UV-visible spectra of 4BS solutions before and after decolorization cultivation with the microbial consortium, it was found that 4BS could be mineralized completely, and the results had been used for presuming the degrading pathway of 4BS. This study also examined the kinetics of 4BS decolorization by immobilized microbial consortium. The results demonstrated that the optimal decolorization activity was observed in pH range between four and 9, temperature range between 20 and 40 degrees C and the maximal specific decolorization rate occurred at 1,000 mg l(-1) of 4BS. The proliferation and distribution of microbial consortium were also microscopically observed, which further confirmed the decolorization mechanisms of 4BS.
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PMID:Biodegradation mechanisms and kinetics of azo dye 4BS by a microbial consortium. 1531 27

Eight high-effective decolorization strains were isolated by enrichment using Direct Fast Scarlet 4BS as sole source of carbon and energy. The optimal microbial consortium consisting of fungus 8-4(*) and bacterium 1-10 was selected by optimizing combination decolorization experiments with these eight freely suspended strains, whose decolorization activity was higher than individual strains due to synergistic reaction with each other. The optimal microbial consortium was also immobilized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the carrier. This paper optimized the immobilization and operational conditions, investigated the effect of the environmental factors (temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO)) and initial dye concentration on the rate of decolorization by immobilized microbial consortium. The results showed that the optimal decolorization activity was observed in pH range (5-8), temperature range (25-40 degrees C) under shaking culture of high DO level. Decolorization with the optimal microbial consortium gave a relatively high maximum decolorization activity (ca. 81.25 mgl(-1)h(-1)), which occurred at a dye concentration of 1000 mgl(-1), suggesting the applicability of the strains in remediation of wastewater containing high azo dye concentrations. The immobilized beads could be reused for more than 30 cycles, without losing any degradation capacity. The changes of UV-visible spectra and the change curve of COD of 4BS solution before and after decolorization cultivation and the proliferation and distribution of microbial consortium in gel beads were also microscopically observed, which could be used for conferring the decolorization mechanisms of dye 4BS.
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PMID:Investigation of isolation and immobilization of a microbial consortium for decoloring of azo dye 4BS. 1532 86