Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of cyclosporin A in acute and chronically active inflammatory bowel disease was tested in 11 patients with Crohn's disease and two with ulcerative colitis who had exhibited a poor response to at least eight weeks of conventional therapy. Trough levels of the drug in the therapeutic range were obtained in 12 of 13 patients. Cyclosporin A, which was usually added to the continued previous medication, including corticosteroids (11 of 13) or metronidazol (1 of 13), prompted an apparent clinical improvement in all but one patient. In six of the nine Crohn's disease patients with an initial Best index of greater than 150, a definite fall by at least 100 points was observed after 2-10 weeks of treatment, but the van Hees index declined only in two patients. All four patients with chronic perineal fistulation experienced symptomatic relief. Both patients with ulcerative colitis had a clinical remission. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate or serum albumin improved in eight of 13 patients. However, two of the nine responders with Crohn's disease relapsed during cyclosporin A therapy and three immediately after the medication was discontinued. Common side effects included hypertrichosis, tremor, and hyperesthesia; hypertension and epigastric pain each occurred only in one patient.
Dig Dis Sci 1989 Sep
PMID:Cyclosporin A treatment in inflammatory bowel disease. 276 6

Tremors of the isoelectric line in routine electrocardiograms have been described in patients with spinal muscular atrophy and have been interpreted as fasciculations of denervated muscles. In order to evaluate this phenomenon, 13 patients with spinal muscular atrophy have been studied (average age: 37.3 months). A first electrocardiogram was recorded routinely; a second tracing was then recorded with double sensitivity and double speed. In addition, all patients were evaluated clinically and had M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiography. Regular and constant spikes on the isoelectric electrocardiographic line were recorded in 12 patients (93.4%); their frequency ranged from 39 to 48 cycles/sec (average: 42.08 +/- 2.64). Contrary to previous reports, we found an "abnormal" electrocardiogram in all our patients with severe spinal muscular atrophy. The only patient with a normal electrocardiogram had a mild and clinically stable form of spinal muscular atrophy. We did not find any significant structural cardiac abnormality by clinical and echocardiographic evaluation. We conclude that continuous tremor on the isoelectric line of electrocardiogram represents a characteristic of spinal muscular atrophy in these patients. It is a result of muscle fasciculations and does not imply any abnormality of the heart.
Int J Cardiol 1989 Sep
PMID:Electrocardiographic abnormalities in childhood spinal muscular atrophy. 276 7

High doses of inhaled salbutamol produce substantial improvements in airway response in patients with asthma, and are associated with dose-dependent systemic beta-adrenoceptor responses. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether tachyphylaxis occurs during prolonged treatment with high dose inhaled salbutamol. Twelve asthmatic patients (FEV1, 81 +/- 4% predicted), requiring only occasional inhaled beta-agonists as their sole therapy, were given a 14-day treatment with high dose inhaled salbutamol (HDS), 4,000 micrograms daily, low dose inhaled salbutamol (LDS), 800 micrograms daily, or placebo (PI) by metered-dose inhaler in a double-blind, randomized crossover design. During the 14-day run-in and during washout periods, inhaled beta-agonists were withheld and ipratropium bromide was substituted for rescue purposes. At the end of each 14-day treatment, a dose-response curve (DRC) was performed, and airway (FEV1, FEF25-75) chronotropic (HR), tremor, and metabolic (K, Glu) responses were measured at each step (from 100 to 4,000 micrograms). Treatment had no significant effect on baseline values. There were dose-dependent increases in FEV1 and FEF25-75 (p less than 0.001), and pretreatment with HDS did not displace the DRC to the right. DRC for HR (p less than 0.001), K (p less than 0.001), and Glu (p less than 0.005) were attenuated after treatment with HDS compared with PI. There were also differences between HDS and LDS for HR (p less than 0.001) and Glu (p less than 0.05) responses. Frequency and severity of subjective adverse effects were also reduced after HDS: tremor (p less than 0.001), palpitations (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Am Rev Respir Dis 1989 Sep
PMID:Tachyphylaxis to systemic but not to airway responses during prolonged therapy with high dose inhaled salbutamol in asthmatics. 278 34

Extracellular single unit activity was recorded from neurons of the internal (GPi) and external (GPe) pallidal segments, and from 'border cells' (Bor) which are part of the nucleus basalis, in 2 cynomolgus monkeys rendered parkinsonian by MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine). Cell counts showed that at least 90% of the nigral neurons of the compacta-type were degenerated. Electrical stimulation was applied to 3 sites bilaterally in the striatum: one in the caudate nucleus and 2 in the putamen. The results were compared to those obtained in intact monkeys. In the parkinsonians, more neurons of the 3 types responded to ipsilateral stimulation. The difference was even greater for contralateral responses, except in the case of Bor neurons. Greater proportions of the 3 types of neurons also responded to 2 and 3 sites and showed convergent responses to both the caudate nucleus and the putamen. The magnitude of the responses was larger. These results are in accordance with the excessive and unselective responses of the same neurons to passive limb movement, obtained in the same animals and described previously. The electrical stimulation allowed more detailed analyses of the responses. The major change in the responses of GPi and Bor neurons was the more frequent and larger late inhibitions, whereas the excitations were larger in GPe neurons. Long lasting oscillatory responses occurred frequently in the parkinsonians, mainly in GPi, and at frequencies close to the tremor displayed by the animals. Responses beginning with early inhibition were displayed by neurons located in the center of the pallidal zone of influence of each striatal stimulation site, as in intact animals, but in the GPi of the parkinsonians they were less frequently curtailed by excitation. Moreover, in the parkinsonians, the zones of influence were larger in both GPi and GPe, mainly because of the expansion of their periphery, where responses began with excitation and had lower thresholds than in intact animals. The dopamine agonist apomorphine normalized the responses in the parkinsonians. Thus, both the temporal and spatial magnitudes of inhibitions and excitations are abnormal at the output of the basal ganglia in parkinsonism.
Brain Res 1989 Sep 25
PMID:Responses of pallidal neurons to striatal stimulation in monkeys with MPTP-induced parkinsonism. 279 Apr 69

A 32 year old male is described with an onset of upper limb postural tremor in adolescence followed by muscle cramps. Progressive proximal amyotrophy and weakness in the limbs developed late in the third decade. Examination disclosed, in addition, bilateral facial weakness and mild dysarthria. Enzyme studies revealed hexosaminidase A and B deficiency, indicating a diagnosis of Sandhoff disease. Intra-axonal membranocytoplasmic bodies were present in a rectal biopsy. The presentation, which resembled that of X-linked bulbospinal neuronopathy, widens the clinical spectrum for disorders related to G(M2) gangliosidosis.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989 Sep
PMID:Sandhoff disease mimicking adult-onset bulbospinal neuronopathy. 279 83

To ascertain the efficacy of systemic cyclosporin therapy in the management of scleritis we performed an open, uncontrolled study of the use of this drug in severe refractory disease. Five of seven patients whose disease had previously been poorly controlled with a combination of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs responded to cyclosporin therapy (10 mg/kg/day). Systemic side effects occurred in all but one patient, with tremor, hirsutism, hypertension, and raised serum creatinine being common. Recurrence of disease activity on decreasing the dosage of cyclosporin was frequent. The results indicate that cyclosporin is a useful additional drug in the treatment of severe scleritis.
Br J Ophthalmol 1989 Sep
PMID:Cyclosporin therapy for severe scleritis. 280 30

1. The effect of tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) on cholinergically mediated behaviour in the rat and mouse has been investigated. In addition the actions of this compound on cholinesterase activity and on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors has also been examined. 2. Administration of THA (5-20 mg kg-1, i.p.) produced a dose-dependent increase in tremor, hypothermia and salivation in both rats and mice. A similar profile of activity was seen following physostigmine (0.1-0.6 mg kg-1) administration. 3. THA was approximately fifty fold less potent than physostigmine in inducing behavioural change but its effects persisted for over twice as long as those of physostigmine. For example THA-induced hypothermia was still present at 4 h in the mouse and 8 h in the rat. 4. In vitro THA was a potent non-competitive inhibitor of rat brain cholinesterase (IC50: 57 +/- 6 nM) and bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 50 +/- 10 nM) but was a more potent inhibitor of horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 7.2 +/- 1.4 nM). 5. Radioligand binding studies indicated that THA binds non-selectively but with moderate potency to both M1 (Ki: 600 nM) and M2 (Ki: 880 nM) muscarinic receptors. THA also interacted with the allosteric site present on cardiac M2 receptors. 6. It is concluded that THA is a reversible non-competitive inhibitor of cholinesterase with a long half life (compared with physostigmine). It also may antagonize muscarinic receptors at high doses. The long half life may account for its reported efficacy in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Br J Pharmacol 1989 Sep
PMID:The cholinergic pharmacology of tetrahydroaminoacridine in vivo and in vitro. 280 55

The neural signal carried by the abducens nerve during eye fixations was simulated. The neural discharge was defined by the number of spikes carried by the abducens nerve within each ms. Calculations were based on real neurophysiological data. The computed neural signal showed frequency histograms and variance/mean ratios typical of a Poisson distribution. A peak was obtained in the power spectral density function of the simulated neural signal. This peak appeared in the frequency range corresponding to the firing rate of single motoneurons for each eye position. It remained as a broad spectral peak after filtering by a second-order differential equation simulating the ocular mechanics. The obtained spectra are similar to the described power spectral density function of eye position recordings. Present results add evidence of a possible neural basis for ocular tremor.
Int J Biomed Comput 1989 Sep
PMID:Computer simulation of the neural discharge carried by the abducens nerve during eye fixation in the cat. 280 3

A mutant mouse (wriggle mouse sagami, WMS) with neurological disorders was found in a colony of the BALB/c strain. The clinical signs included tremor, dystonia and involuntary movements. The concentrations of the neurotransmitter substances, noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and acetylcholine (ACh), were measured simultaneously with their metabolites in dissected brain regions by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The turnover of 5-HT was significantly higher in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain and pons-medulla of WMS than of the genetic control, BALB/c. The intrastriatal DA and its metabolites, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid were increased. However, there was no evidence to suggest an increase in turnover rate of this neurotransmitter. An increase in concentration of and decrease in turnover rate of NA were observed in the cerebellum of this mutant. These findings suggest that multiple disturbance of the neurotransmitter system was largely responsible for the manifestation of the clinical signs of WMS.
Neurosci Lett 1989 Sep 11
PMID:Functional difference in monoamine transmitters in the behaviorally abnormal mouse mutant (wriggle mouse sagami). 281 21

Male mice were treated orally with the organophosphorus insecticides fenamiphos and dichlorvos at 10 and 150 mg/kg, respectively. The insecticides produced signs of toxicosis characteristic of cholinesterase inhibition, and induced death in all treated mice. Pretreatment of mice with diphenhydramine HCl (20 and 30 mg/kg, subcutaneously) 15 min before either insecticide significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the incidence of toxic manifestations (excessive salivation, Straub tail, and whole body tremor), delayed the onset of death, and increased the percentage of survivors. Doses of diphenhydramine less than 20 mg/kg were not so effective. The data indicated a protective property of diphenhydramine against organophosphorus insecticide-induced toxicosis.
Toxicology 1989 Sep
PMID:Effect of diphenhydramine on organophosphorus insecticide toxicity in mice. 281 94


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