Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a 41-year-old male of citrullinemia associated with argininosuccinate acid synthetase deficiency. He was admitted to the Hitachi General Hospital because of finger tremor, restlessness and urinary incontinence. He had short stature and a poor appetite. Laboratory evaluation was summarized as follows: mild hypoglycemia, low plasma cortisol levels, delayed response of 17-OHCS and 17-KS to ACTH administration in urine, and delayed response of plasma ACTH level to insulin administration. In this case, ACTH deficiency is estimated to be a dysfunction of the hypothalamus. Replacement therapy of hydrocortisone improved his symptoms. He was readmitted to the hospital because of delirium and confusion, two weeks after the hydrocortisone administration. At that time, he had flapping tremor. Laboratory examination revealed hyperammonemia (NH3: 231 micrograms/dl) and mild elevation of GOT and GPT. Serum and urinary amino acid determination showed marked elevation of citrulline (478.1 nmol/ml in serum, 4681.2 mumol/day in urine). Lactulose administration, low protein diet and plasmapheresis were started, but he went into a coma. Without any improvement, he died on the 29th hospital day. Autopsy examination of the liver disclosed fatty change. Adrenal cortex depicted severe atrophy. Biochemical analysis of urea cycle enzymes of the liver and kidney showed decreased activity of argininosuccinate synthetase (liver: 0.0022 U/mg protein, 5% of that normal liver, kidney: 0.003 IU/mg protein, 20% of that in normal kidney). Citrullinemia associated with ACTH deficiency have not reported in the literature. It may be presumed that ACTH deficiency is concerned with the delayed onset of hyperammonemia. The relation between citrullinemia and endocrinological abnormalities is also discussed.
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PMID:[A case of citrullinemia associated with isolated ACTH deficiency, rapidly developing coma]. 133 25

Subjective, neuroendocrine and cardiovascular functions were studied in high- and low-anxious musicians performing privately and publicly. Musicians were designated as "high-anxious" if they reported at least one episode of performance-related tremor and as "low-anxious" if they never had experienced tremor while performing in public. All musicians performed privately and publicly while measurements of subjective, neuroendocrine and cardiovascular functions were made. Ratings of effort and distress were made prior to performance. Heart rate was monitored telemetrically before, during and after performance. Urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine and cortisol were sampled after public and private performance, respectively. Situational factors influenced most measures. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, heart rate and ratings of distress but not effort increased from private to public performance. Heart rate was higher in high- than in low-anxious musicians during public performance but similar during private performance. The increase in neuroendocrine activation from private to public performance was similar in the high- and low-anxious groups. It is concluded that heart rate is a sensitive measure of both situational and individual determinants of performance-related distress.
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PMID:Psychobiology of stage fright: the effect of public performance on neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and subjective reactions. 159 99

1. Single doses (10, 30 and 100 mg) of atipamezole (MPV-1248), a new potent and selective imidazole-type alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, and saline placebo were administered as 20 min intravenous infusions to six healthy male volunteers in a randomized double-blind, cross-over phase I study. Later, 100 mg atipamezole was given orally to the same subjects in an open fashion. 2. The i.v. doses resulted in linearly dose-related concentrations of atipamezole in plasma. Pharmacokinetic calculations revealed an elimination half-life of 1.7-2.0 h, an apparent volume of distribution of 3.0-3.5 l kg-1 and a total plasma clearance of 1.1-1.5 l h-1 kg-1. No atipamezole could be detected in plasma after oral dosing. 3. Subjective drug effects were seen mainly after the largest i.v. dose and included increased alertness and nervousness, coldness and sweating of hands and feet, tremor and shivering, motor restlessness, and increased salivation. Salivation was also quantitated using dental cotton rolls, with dose-related increases produced by the i.v. doses. 4. The 100 mg i.v. dose increased plasma noradrenaline concentrations on average by 484 +/- 269 (s.d.)%, and also elevated both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mean increases 17 +/- 7/14 +/- 2 mm Hg). The 30 mg dose had minor and the 10 mg dose no effects on these variables. Adrenaline and cyclic AMP levels in plasma were increased only after the largest dose. No drug effects were observed after oral dosing. 4. Plasma C-peptide and blood glucose levels were not markedly influenced by the drug, and cortisol secretion was not stimulated. 5. The observed effects are compatible with the presumed alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonistic action of atipamezole and are in general concordance with the reported results of other alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists (yohimbine and idazoxan). 6. Although not orally active, atipamezole may prove to be a useful agent in studies of alpha 2-adrenoceptor function in man.
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PMID:Pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetics of atipamezole, a novel alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist--a randomized, double-blind cross-over study in healthy male volunteers. 197 99

The effect of mild insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on symptoms, physiological changes, and adrenaline responses was assessed in 10 normal subjects and 15 insulin-dependent diabetic patients (5 with reduced awareness of hypoglycaemic symptoms). When blood glucose was maintained at 3.2 mmol/l, reaction time was prolonged in both normal and diabetic subjects and plasma adrenaline levels increased in the normals and some diabetics; there were no other physiological responses. 2 normals and 1 diabetic were aware that their blood glucose was low. When blood glucose was maintained at 2.5 mmol/l for 30 min, 9/10 normals but only 4/15 diabetics recognised hypoglycaemia. Increases in hypoglycaemic symptom score, tremor, and sweating, and falls in diastolic blood pressure were significant only in the normal subjects and the 4 "aware" patients. Adrenaline levels increased in all cases, but were more pronounced in the normals and aware diabetics. Reaction time remained prolonged in all groups. All measurements returned to baseline when blood glucose was raised to 4.5 mmol/l. Impairments in adrenaline response may be common, even in diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy and in those who do not complain of hypoglycaemic unawareness; consequent failure to recognise a falling blood glucose may predispose to a risk of severe hypoglycaemia.
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PMID:Influence of sympathetic nervous system on hypoglycaemic warning symptoms. 288 22

Adrenaline is the drug of choice for management of the anaphylactic reaction. The objective of this study was to compare systemic absorption of adrenaline after administration by different routes to healthy volunteers. Ten puffs (1.5 mg as adrenaline base) with 10-15 s intervals between them followed 2 h later by 20 puffs (3 mg) of adrenaline from a pressurized aerosol (Medihaler-Epi, 3M Riker, 14.0 mg/ml adrenaline acid tartrate) were sprayed into the cheek pouch or inhaled through the mouth or the nostrils. Adrenaline was also administered to the eyes by giving 2 drops (1 mg) of Isopto-Epinal (Alcon, 10 mg X ml-1). Finally, 0.5 ml (0.5 mg) of adrenaline was given subcutaneously in the upper arm of the same individuals. The systemic absorption was determined by measuring plasma adrenaline levels and effects on blood pressure, heart rate and finger tremor before and 5, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after adrenaline administration. Adrenaline given as eye-drops did not have any significant effect on these parameters. Subcutaneously administered adrenaline caused within 5 min a significant increase of plasma adrenaline level (from 1.0 +/- 0.2 to peak of 6.5 +/- 1.2 nM) which gradually decreased during 2 h. This mode of adrenaline administration increased the systolic blood pressure by a maximum of 11 +/- 3.5 mmHg, heart rate by 9 +/- 2.2 beats X min-1, tremor ratio by 4 +/- 0.6 and reduced the diastolic blood pressure by 18 +/- 4.7 mmHg. The cardiovascular effects were approximately maximum 15 min after administration and lasted almost 90 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Systemic absorption of adrenaline after aerosol, eye-drop and subcutaneous administration to healthy volunteers. 359 45

Pregnant female rats were fed either a 5.0-5.5% w/v ethanol-containing liquid diet ad lib or pair-fed the isocaloric control diet during gestation weeks 2 and 3. At 75-105 days of age, female offspring of the ethanol-treated dams showed significantly greater corticosterone responses than pair-fed- or normally-derived offspring to the stress of cardiac puncture or of noise and shaking, while pituitary-adrenal responses to exposure to a novel environment, cold or 2-3 days of fasting were normal. Adrenal sensitivity to ACTH in dexamethasone-suppressed adult offspring was unaffected by the prenatal treatment. The results demonstrate that fetal ethanol exposure enhances adult pituitary-adrenal responses to certain stressors, including alcohol as demonstrated previously, and suggest that the long-term effects may be mediated by developmental actions of alcohol on central neural mechanisms involved in the regulation of this neuroendocrine system.
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PMID:Long-term effects of fetal ethanol exposure on pituitary-adrenal response to stress. 707 Oct 91

The aggregates were obtained by constant gyratory shaking of suspension cells freshly isolated from adult rat pineal glands. Their sizes ranged from 60 to 120 microns. Within 4-5 days, the aggregates formed by pinealocytes, astrocytes, and other unidentified cells became organized in a tissue-like configuration. There was no proliferation of the fibroblast cells. Ultrastructural characteristics of the aggregates were revealed by the presence of granular lysosomes, which are typical of pinealocytes, and are actively involved in the secretion. Functional characteristics were studied in static incubation. The aggregates secreted melatonin and other indole amines in culture medium. Basal melatonin release was detected until Day 24 of culture. This secretion was stimulated 230% with Isoproterenol (beta-adrenergic agonist), 725% with Epinephrine (alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists), and 140% with Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide after 5 days in culture, then > 1200% with Forskolin 9 days later (14-day-old aggregates). The results indicate that three-dimensional aggregates obtained from isolated pineal gland cells were the functional multicellular structures with in vivo characteristics.
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PMID:Rat pineal cell aggregates: ultrastructural and functional characteristics. 749 15

The features of the symptoms, laboratory tests and pathological characteristics of adrenal cortical and medullary hyperplasia were studied. In 6 cases of hypercatecholaminenia, plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), catecholamine (CA) and 24-h urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (OHCS) and 17-ketosteroid (KS) were determined. Adrenal glands were examined by CT scan and 131I-MIBG imaging. Pathological examination was performed after operation. The results showed that in 6 cases of hypercatecholaminenia (3 men and 3 women) aged from 34-50 years, the clinical features were just like "pheochromocytoma", for example, episodic headache, perspiration, palpitation, pallor, apprehension, nausea, tremor, anxiety and so on. Plasma levels of CA, NE and E were elevated in all 6 cases. 24-h urinary samples obtained at the onset revealed elevated VMA in 1 case. 24-h urinary cortisol was obviously elevated in all 6 cases. 24-h urinary 17-OHCS, 17-KS was normal. B-type ultrasound, CT, MRI and 131I-MIBG revealed 9 lateral adrenal gland diffuse or nodular enlargement in 6 cases. Pathologic examination showed adrenal cortical and medullary hyperplasia. Clinically, adrenal cortical and medullary hyperplasia resembled "pheochromocytoma". The most significant feature of this disease was both elevated plasma CA and 24-h urinary cortisol obviously. Pathologic examination showed adrenal cortex nodular hyperplasia and medullar diffuse or limit hyperplasia. Whether it is an independent disease or symptoms of the other disease has not final conclusion up till now.
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PMID:Adrenal cortical and medullar hyperplasia--a retrospective analysis of 6 cases. 1267 82

In cats, tremor produced by intraperitoneal pentobarbitone sodium or by intramuscular chlorpromazine was abolished by injection into the cerebral ventricles of a few gamma of adrenaline or noradrenaline, but not of other sympathomimetic amines or of anti-Parkinsonian drugs. Chloralose, urethane, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride produced anti-tremor activity when administered in this way. When adrenaline or noradrenaline was perfused from a lateral ventricle to the aqueduct during pentobarbitone sodium tremor, tremor was inhibited when less than 1 mug. had been perfused. Adrenaline was at least four times as active as noradrenaline. Isoprenaline inhibited tremor when perfused in higher concentrations, but perfusion of ephedrine, amphetamine or of the anti-Parkinsonian drugs in high concentrations was ineffective. Perfusion of 2 mug. of chloralose or of 20 mug. of calcium chloride was sufficient to inhibit tremor. Intraventricular injections of 250 to 500 mug. of 5-hydroxytryptamine initiated tremor. Possible physiological implications of these findings are discussed.
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PMID:Tremor in cats: the effect of administration of drugs into the cerebral ventricles. 1910 41

Shooting ability is compromised by involuntary movement. Some of this movement is physiological tremor. Tremor size has a demonstrable inverse correlation with shooting performance. Consequently, factors which affect tremor size should affect shooting ability. Adrenaline and local muscle warming markedly increase tremor size, whereas local muscle cooling reduces it. The physiological mechanisms behind these changes are not well understood, but they have the potential to affect shooting performance in subjects who exercise heavily and/or are exposed to extreme environments. The Olympic biathlon is an event in which vigorous physical exercise alternates with rifle shooting and it often takes place in a cold environment. The possible impact of exercise, temperature and other factors on the Olympic biathlete is considered here.
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PMID:The influence of muscle tremor on shooting performance. 1992 57


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