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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy has been investigated in a two-stage devascularization model in the rat with portavacal shunt and hepatic artery ligation. There is a significant increase in brain octopamine and phenylethanolamine and a decrease in brain norepinephrine (NE) 6 to 9 hours after hepatic artery ligation. The depletion of NE seems the sequel of diminished synthesis in the presence of an unaltered turnover rate, due to a blockade of tyrosine hydroxylase either by accumulation of false neurochemical transmitters or by phenylalanine. It is most marked in the cortex and midbrain. The high-energy phosphate compounds, ATP, phosphocreatine and glucose-6-phosphate are not diminished in hepatic coma, nor is glucose, indicating that other mechanism are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic state by the increased ammonia level. "intestinal sterilization" and total colectomy have no significant effect on the ammonia level, but cause a decrease in the level or aromatic precursor amino acids in the plasma and brain, with normalization of the level of cerebral transmitters. These results permit the formulation of a unified concept of the hepatic coma syndrome and its clinical manifestations such as flapping tremor, the hyperdynamic cardiovascular state and the hepatorenal syndrome. Moreover, they form the basis for the introduction of a new therapeutic principle in the management of hepatic encephalopathy by L-dopa or modified amino acid solutions, which act by altering the central and peripheral neurotransmitters.
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PMID:[Cerebral manifestations in the hepatic coma syndrome (author's transl)]. 0 92

Spirillum lipoferum grows vigorously on malate, succinate, lactate, or pyruvate, moderately on galactose or acetate, and poorly on glucose or citrate. It reduces 15N2. Acetylene reduction rates decrease rapidly when the pH of the culture rises above 7.8. The organism is highly aerobic and had doubling times as low as 2 h when grown on NH4+. However, S. lipoferum reduces N2 well only under microaerophilic conditions. The optimal pO2 for acetylene reduction by stagnant cultures was 0.006 to 0.02 atm depending upon the cell density; aerated cultures grew well at dissolved O2 concentration corresponding to a pO2 of about 0.008 atm. Shaking S. lipoferum with air temporarily inactivates its nitrogenase; reactivation is inhibited by chloramphenicol. The organism assimilated 20 to 24 mg of N/g of organic acid oxidized during growth. The strains studied can be placed in two groups based upon their morphology and physiological characteristics.
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PMID:Factors affecting growth and nitrogen fixation of Spirillum lipoferum. 0 30

A sterile glucose-mineral salts broth was inoculated with conidia of Penicillium rubrum P-13 and P-3290. Radiolabeled compounds were added to some cultures, these being incubated quiescently at 28 degrees C for 14 days. Other stationary cultures were grown for 21 days, received labeled compounds, and were then grown for 5 more days. The remaining cultures were inoculated with 72-h-old mycelial pellets, received labeled materials and were incubated with shaking for 60 h. Rubratoxin was resolved by thin-layer chromatography. Labeled [1(14)C]acetate, [1,5(14)C]citrate, [2(14)C]malonate, [1(14)C]glucose, [U14C]glucose or [1(14)C]hexanoate were incorporated into rubratoxins A and B by P. rubrum 3290 and into rubratoxin B by P. rubrum 13. Incorporation of [1(14)C]acetate and [2(14)C]malonate increased when exogenous unlabeled acetate, malonate, pyruvate, or phosphoenol-pyruvate was added. Acetate incorporation was influenced by cultural conditions, attaining maximum amounts in quiescent cultures which received labeled acetate after 21 days of incubation. Acetate incorporation in shake cultures was enhanced by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and by unlabeled exogenous citrate.
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PMID:Incorporation of labeled small molecules into rubratoxin. 2 89

Various factors affecting the aggregation of Actinomyces naeslundii strain 12104 were studied. When the pH of glucose-supplemented growth medium fell below 5.5, the cells aggregated and formed microbial masses which tenaciously adhered to the culture vessels. When the organism was cultured in the same medium in the absence of glucose, maximum growth was reduced and the final culture pH values remained above 6.5, but the cells were more dispersed and nonadherent. Adjusting the final pH of these cultures to below 5.5 with HCl caused the cells to aggregate. Cells from unsupplemented cultures with final pH values of 6.7 were washed by centrifugation, dispersed by vigorous shaking, and suspended in buffer at pH values ranging from 4.5 to 8.0. Aggregation (expressed as the percent reduction of optical density at 520 nm after incubation at 37 degrees C) occurred rapidly at pH values below 6.0 but did not readily occur at higher pH values. Aggregation of strain 12104 in washed cell suspensions was induced by low pH and influenced by cell concentration and ionic strength of the environment. Low pH values also induced aggregation in washed cell suspensions of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, and Actinomyces viscosus.
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PMID:Factors affecting the aggregation of Actinomyces naeslundii during growth and in washed cell suspensions. 3 Jul

Enterotoxigenic strain of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 14458) was grown under various conditions with constant shaking to determine the requirements for maximum toxin production. It was evident that 3% tryptic soy broth, 3% NZ-Amine NAK + 3% casein hydrolysate, 3% NZ-Amine NAK + 1% yeast extract, and 3% NZ-Amine NAK + 1% yeast extract + 0.2% glucose are most available toxin production media. But concentration of glucose could strictly triggered the enterotoxin producing efficiency. When glucose concentration was less than 0.5%, although with higher yield, the toxin production was delayed for certain period of time. However, if glucose concentration was up to more than 0.5%, the enterotoxin production was almost inhibited. Some metabolites of glucose to elucidate the inhibitory effect have also investigated. Our results indicated that glycerol and citric acid inhibited the toxin production directly, while the inhibitory effect of lactic acid and acetic acid were due to those acidic metabolites, decreased the pH value of media, and adversely suppressed the bacterial growth.
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PMID:[Studies on staphylococcal enterotoxin B. II. Production and regulation (author's transl)]. 3 15

Conditions for the production of microbial L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase and for the conversion of glycine to L-serine were studied. A number of microorganisms were screened for their abilities to form and accululate L-serine from glycine, and Sarcina albida was selected as the best organism. Enzyme activity in this organism as high as 0.12 U/ml could be produced in shaken cultures at 30 degrees C in a medium containing glucose, ammonium sulfate, glycine, yeast extract, and inorganic salts. L-Serine was produced most efficiently by shaking cells at 30 degrees C in a reaction mixture containing 20% glycine, 5 X 10(-3) M formaldehyde, and 3 X 10(-4) M pyridoxal phosphate in yields of 22 mg of broth in 5 days. L-Serine was easily isolated in 84% yields by ion-exchange resin.
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PMID:Production of L-serine by Sarcina albida. 3 97

The aim of this study was to determine the application of mixed cultures Candida lipolytica and Candida tropicalis in the SCP production. N-paraffin fraction of crude oil and individual n-alkanes C:7--C:17 and glucose were used as carbon sources. The cultures were grown on laboratory scale in shaking flasks and in a 7 1 fermentor. It was found that the mixed cultures gave about 18% higher yield of biomass than the individual cultures.
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PMID:Mixed cultures of different yeasts species and yeasts with filamentous fungi in the SCP production. I. Production of single cell protein by mixed cultures Candida lipolytica and Candida tropicalis. 7 Sep 71

Submerged cultures of Brucella abortus strain 19 were studied in shaking flasks. The influence of the sterilization methods and the medium composition on the bacterial yield and cellular dissociation were studied. The selected medium was as follows (amounts in g/l): casein pancreatic hydrolizated 30; yeast extract 10; glucose, 30; sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous 3,3; sodium monobasic monohydrate 9. Cell concentration of 8 . 10(10) viable cell/ml was obtained after 48 hours when the medium components were separated and sterilized at 121 degrees C for 20 min in autoclave.
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PMID:[Influence of the sterilization technic and culture media components on the growth and dissociation of Brucella abortus strain 19 in submerged cultures]. 11 82

The thermotolerant yeast Candida tropicalis, strain T-20, was cultivated on a chemically defined medium with glucose or malt wort in flasks with shaking at three temperatures: optimal (36degreesC), supraoptimal (38degreesC) and submaximal (41degreesC). An increase of temperature within these limits caused an increase in ATP content in yeast cells and a decrease in phosphohydrolase (ATPase) activity.
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PMID:[ATP content in Candida tropicalis cells growing at different temperatures]. 13 53

The blood and liver giver animals are given "Tromexan" for a period of three days. The blood defibrination is finished off by shaking. The perfusion is made of defibrinated blood to which is added a compounding of mineral salts, albumin and glucose in adequate proportions. The fluid is used during 150 minutes with a biliary flow of 4 ul/minute (instead of 8 in perfusions with heparine). The validity of the preparation is tested by biliary acids, cholesterol and Brom Sulfon Phtalein biliary elimination research. This fluid can be used when heparin is avoided: for example in a case of investigation of fat emulsion scrubbing.
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PMID:[Perfusion of isolated rat liver. Utilization of a perfusion without heparin. Validity of the preparation]. 14 84


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