Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two adult patients with opsoclonus and tremor of the whole body associated with viral infections are reported. The first man presented with mumps (parotitis, orchitis and encephalitis). Paired serum mumps titers were both 1:80. The second patient had conjunctivitis and dizziness. Acute and convalescent sera showed significant rise of poliovirus type 3 titer. Clonazepam attenuated the symptoms in both patients.
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PMID:Opsoclonus in mumps and poliovirus type 3 encephalitides: a report of 2 cases. 279 27

We present seven cases of tremor caused by mild head injury without loss of consciousness. The interval between head trauma to onset of symptoms was 1 to 4 weeks. A posture and kinetic tremor of the hands and head occurred unassociated with other neurologic signs. Myoclonic-like jerking was frequently present. Neuroimaging studies were normal. Clonazepam administration resulted in tremor reduction in three patients and propranolol decreased tremor in one patient. A tremor, similar to essential tremor, can be a rare complication of head trauma.
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PMID:Post-traumatic tremor. 290 97

A 38-year-old man was admitted to Iwakuni National Hospital on July 6, 1978, with the complaints of difficulty seeing and walking. Two weeks before admission, he first experienced dizziness and it slowly progressed to uncontrollable tremor-like movements of the whole body. On admission, he was alert, oriented and afebrile. He had not experienced nausea, vomiting nor headache. He showed irregular horizontal oscillations of the eyes. Electronystagmographic study showed that this jerky eye movement appeared especially with changes of fixation of the eyes. It was also recorded during conjugate eye movement, and while he closed his eyes. He was ataxic, unable to walk, but no other abnormalities in cerebellar functions were observed. Spinal tap was performed and yielded watery clear cerebrospinal fluid containing 9/mm3 mononuclear cells. Clonazepam was given, 1.5 mg per day, for three days followed by doses of 3 mg per day. Improvement in walking was observed one week after starting the medication, when reserpine was started at a dose of 1 mg per day and increased to a dose of 1.5 mg per day in three days. One week after starting reserpine, opsoclonus improved markedly and he became able to read again. He was discharged home on September 3, 1978. Six months after admission, reserpine was decreased to 0.5 mg per day. Difficulty in reading developed within a month. Reserpine was given 1.0 mg per day and the doses was continuously given for next three months. One year after admission, he is back to his former occupation without medication. He complains of slight difficulty in reading for more than an hour, and in watching TV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Opsoclonus-polymyoclonia syndrome suppressed with reserpine]. 371 80

We studied three patients: two with voice and hand tremor, and one with voice tremor. Voice tremor was associated with synchronous rhythmic contraction of cricothyroid and rectus abdominis muscles, but not always vocalis muscle. Voice tremor was manifested only in voluntary phonation or expiration, not in involuntary phonation, voluntary inspiration, or involuntary expiration and inspiration (breathing at rest). Impaired regulation of the CNS programs innervating the voluntary expiratory muscles probably causes voice tremor. Clonazepam and propranolol were helpful in blinded studies.
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PMID:Voice tremor: dysregulation of voluntary expiratory muscles. 379 27

A pharmacological study was carried out of a case of severe insomnia following brain-stem lesions; several polygraphic controls were used. Initially total duration of sleep was brief (less than 4 h) with a high REM/NREM ratio and a short paradoxical sleep (PS) latency. In addition, periodic breathing and tremor were observed. Slow injection of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) improved sleep both quantitatively and qualitatively, although PS latency remained short. These effects were reversible. The effects of 5-HTP + benzerazide, of L-DOPA + benzerazide (Modopar) and of clonazepam (Rivotril) were compared.
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PMID:Sleep disturbances in a case of brain-stem lesions; pharmacological study. 619 41

Startle disease is an autosomal dominant disorder with two phenotypic expressions. In the major form, there is hypertonia in infancy, and later an insecure gait. The patients have falling attacks without unconsciousness and in these, they are often injured or suffer concussions. Episodes of shaking of the limbs lasting for several minutes and resembling generalized clonus or repetitive myoclonus occur. These are most often nocturnal and are also unaccompanied by loss of consciousness. the patients are hyperreflexic and show an increased incidence of associated neurological and electroencephalographic abnormalities. The minor form of startle disease is only manifested by excessive startle and this is inconstant. In infancy it is brought out by febrile illness and in adult life by emotional stress. Gastaut and Villeneuve postulated the existence of a sporadic form of hyperekplexia different from the disorder described by Suhren et al. Review of their report and comparison with the cases of Suhren et al, and our own patients leads us to believe that the sporadic and familial forms of startle disease are the same. The disorder is rare, probably misdiagnosed initially as spastic quadriplegia, and later as epilepsy. Clonazepam appears to be the treatment of choice and its effect is sustained.
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PMID:Startle disease or hyperekplexia: further delineation of the syndrome. 677 25

The authors report the results of treatment of hereditary extrapyramidal diseases with new preparations acting upon neurotransmitter systems. Patients with torsion dystonia, Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease, hereditary tremor, myoclonic epilepsy were followed-up for several years.. The best results in akinetic-rigidity syndromes (Parkinson's disease, rigid froms of torsion dystonia, Hallevorden-Spatz disease) were obtained with L-DOPA (including Sinemet, Nacom, Madopar) and in many patients these preparations were given in combination with other drugs (cholinolytic agents, Midantan) which contributed to compensation of the disturbed equilibrium of neurotransmitter systems and reduction of side effects. For decreasing the side effects of L-DOPA (hyperkineses of dystonic type, chorea and myoclonia) preparations from the group of phenothiazine and diazepine were given. In many cases improvement was achieved by slover increase of L-DOPA doses. In the hyperkinetic syndromes (Huntington's chorea, idiopathic tremor, myoclonic epilepsy, hyperkinetic torsion dystonia) preparations of phenothiazine, butyrophenone and new drugs active on the GABAergic system (Baclophen, Lyoresal, Pantogam) and diazepine (Clonazepam) were used. The analysis of the results shows that disturbed equilibrium of central neurotransmitters plays and important role in the pathogenesis of hereditary extrapyramidal system diseases.
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PMID:[Pathogenetic treatment of various hereditary extrapyramidal disorders with new drugs]. 732 7

We report three cases and a literature review describing a syndrome of intermittent idiopathic focal or segmental dystonic tremor dramatically responsive to clonazepam. All patients were young men who had intermittent symptoms. After magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and laboratory analysis of blood, each patient was treated with clonazepam and clinically observed for 1 year. In all three cases clonazepam produced full abatement of the tremor. None of the patients displayed progression of symptoms, and all have remained tremor free with stable doses of clonazepam. Clonazepam-sensitive intermittent dystonic tremor may represent a benign syndrome occurring in young men.
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PMID:Clonazepam-sensitive intermittent dystonic tremor. 748 66

Periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus) are characterized by a triple flexion of the ankle, knee and hip, which are particularly evident during 1-2 and 2-3 sleep stages. Iijima et al (1991) reported these movements in 5 out of 7 HAM patients, suggesting that nocturnal myoclonus is not rare in HAM. L-dopa and bromocriptine are reported to be the most effective. Spinal myoclonus (SM) is characterized by symmetric, rhythmic involuntary contractions of muscle groups supplied by one or several contiguous segments of the spinal cord. There has been only one case report of SM by Kanda et al (1988). Clonazepam and tetrabenazine are reported to be the most effective. Tremor is characterized by a sinusoidal oscillatory movement produced by synchronous or alternating contractions of reciprocally innervated antagonist muscles. Postural finger tremor was seen in about 40% of HAM patients (Suwazono et al, 1989). Painful, paroxysmal muscle contractions of the lower limbs were reported in only one patient with HAM by Ikeda et al in 1990. Based on electrophysiological findings, they were thought to be caused by reciprocal excitation in the spinal cord.
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PMID:[Movement disorders in HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM)]. 827 83

Tremor is a symptom of many disorders, including Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, orthostatic tremor, cerebellar disease, peripheral neuropathy and alcohol withdrawal. Tremors may be classified as postural, rest or action tremors. Symptomatic treatment is tailored to the tremor type. Combination therapy with carbidopa and levodopa remains the first-line approach for parkinsonian tremor. Essential tremor may be amenable to propranolol or primidone. Propranolol may be useful in treating alcohol withdrawal tremor, and isoniazid may control the cerebellar tremor associated with multiple sclerosis. Clonazepam may relieve orthostatic tremor. Other agents are also available for the treatment of tremor. When medical therapy fails to control the tremor, surgical options such as thalamotomy, pallidotomy and thalamic stimulation should be considered in severe cases. Thalamic stimulation, the most recent of these surgical approaches, offers the advantage over ablative procedures of alleviating tremor without the creation of a permanent lesion.
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PMID:Classification of tremor and update on treatment. 1019 97


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