Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results obtained in a retrospective study on clinical and pharmacological aspects of 41 patients suffering craniocervical dystonia (24 with blepharospasm, 17 with torticollis) and 11 with spasm are here presented. Mean age of symptoms onset was 57.4, 43.8 and 55.8 years old respectively; this variable was comparatively higher in females than in males with torticollis. The prevalence of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm was higher in females. A 38.7% of patients suffering blepharospasm also presented oromandibular dystonia (Meige's syndrome). Other abnormal movements less frequently associated were cephalic tremor, postural hand tremor and larynx dystonia. In three cases with blepharospasm there was family history of Parkinson's disease and in two cases with torticollis there was family history of essential tremor. The mean age of onset was lower in patients with clonic torticollis and the evolution time of symptoms was longer than in those who presented the tonic type. Clonic torticollis were less frequently associated to pain. Trihexyphenidyl (anticholinergic) was the most efficient drug in craniocervical dystonia, and clonazepam in facial hemispasm. In general, as earliest the age of onset was, as better the therapeutical response was.
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PMID:[Craniocervical dystonia and facial hemispasm: clinical and pharmacological characteristics of 52 patients]. 176 88

Rats given a tremorigenic dose of DDT (75 mg/kg, PO) were treated with pharmacological agents either 30 min prior to DDT or 1-2 h prior to testing at the time of peak effect (12 h postdosing). The administration of mephenesin (a centrally acting muscle relaxant) or Dilantin (an anticonvulsant) prior to DDT significantly attenuated tremor. Pretreatment with pizotifen (a serotonergic receptor antagonist) had no significant effect on tremor. Administration of the same agents 1-2 h prior to measurement had minimal effects. Trihexyphenidyl (a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist) exacerbated the tremor produced by DDT. These data suggest that cholinergic neurotransmitter systems may be involved in DDT-induced tremor. That DDT-induced tremor was significantly attenuated by mephenesin and Dilantin is in accord with the conclusion that DDT-induced tremor is a manifestation of repetitive discharge due to interference with ionic conductance.
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PMID:DDT-induced tremor in rats: effects of pharmacological agents. 392 13

Fourteen slightly disabled patients with Parkinsonism were treated separately with benzhexol, amantadine, and levodopa. Benzhexol and amantadine both gave a 15% reduction in functional disability and levodopa a 36% reduction. Benzhexol lessened the rigidity and improved the flexion of posture of Parkinson's disease, but had little or no effect on akinesia and tremor. Amantadine and levodopa caused improvement in all these symptoms. The combination of benzhexol and amantadine was as effective after four weeks of treatment as levodopa was after six months.
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PMID:Comparative trial of benzhexol, amantadine, and levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. 483 13

The purpose of this study was to compare the subchronic, low-dose effects of clozapine with those of olanzapine in a learned behavioral task previously shown to distinguish between clozapine and haloperidol with acute and subchronic treatment regimes. Rats were trained to use a single forelimb to press a force-recording operandum and simultaneously to lick water from a dipper that remained available while forelimb force exceeded a modest lower limit. Analysis of the resulting forcetime recordings provided measures of task engagement (time on task-analogous to response rate), lick rhythm, tremor, ballistic (maximum force) and tonic (hold force) forelimb force measures, as well as the durations of the individual responses. In a between-groups dosing design, five separate groups of rats received vehicle, clozapine 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg, olanzapine 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg daily for 27 days. A 7-day withdrawal period followed. On days 22 and 26 of antipsychotic drug treatment, all rats additionally received 0.3 mg/kg trihexyphenidyl or 1.0 mg/kg quipazine, respectively. The effects of olanzapine and clozapine were similar in that both drugs reduced time on task, increased response duration, and slowed lick rhythm. The two drugs differed in that clozapine reduced the force and tremor measures but olanzapine did not. Both tolerance and withdrawal effects, as reflected by the tremor measure, were observed for clozapine but not for olanzapine. Trihexyphenidyl further increased the duration of responses already lengthened by clozapine; in contrast, trihexyphenidyl decreased the duration lengthening effect of olanzapine. Taken together, the results indicated that olanzapine did not have the antitremor and hypotonic effects displayed by clozapine, and olanzapine did not induce tolerance and withdrawal phenomena as clozapine did.
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PMID:Similarities and differences between the subchronic and withdrawal effects of clozapine and olanzapine on forelimb force steadiness. 929 20