Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method is described for the recovery of fatty acids from silica gel on thin-layer plates. The method is simple and rapid and depends on the conversion of silica gel to potassium silicate, using potassium hydroxide, followed by acidification in such a way that the silicic acid is kept in solution. Fatty acids are then extracted by shaking with solvent. Fatty acid recovery from free fatty acid, phospholipid, glyceride and cholesterol ester zones is more than 90% efficient. There is no oxidation or isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids.
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PMID:Quantitative recovery of free and esterified fatty acids from thin-layer plates coated with silica gel. 19 41

Recently, also detergents have been proposed for use in the pretreatment of clinical material for cultural demonstration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. One of such substances is the anionic detergent. Neckal BX (diisobutyl naphthaline sulphonate) which in combination with 0.5% sodium hydroxide, is capable of homogenization and decontamination of the material within 16-18 h of action. At the same time, the mycobacteria are accumulated in the sediment by precipitation in the presence of barium, calcium, and phosphate ions. The results obtained by the new method were compared with those obtained by the sulphuric acid method, in a paralles study of samples of sputum, gastric juice, and faeces and a second one of sputum samples only. By using two different formulas for reagents (Table 1), the mycobacterial isolation rate was shown to be dependent upon the concentration of the precipitant. By the following criteria, the Nekal method was superior over pretreatment with sulphuric acid: 1. The reduction of the number of contaminated was obvious in the cases of sputum and gastric juice samples and significant for sputum samples. (Tables 2-7). 2. Using Nekal BX, 31 out of 616 sputum samples were found to be positive; using sulphuric acid, their number was only 22. This difference was found to be statistically significant. The additional yield came primarily from material containing only few mycobacteria and samples which could not be assessed because of contamination present after pretreatment with sulphuric acid (Table 8). The average period which passed until reading of the cultures was approximately the same: 4.2 weeks for sulphuric acid and 4.4 weeks for Nekal (Table 9). When applying the new method, the material admits of mechanical shaking and need not be centrifuged. No strict control of the period of action is required. Taking into account these operational advantages, the Nekal method is considered particulary suitable for laboratories receiving high numbers of samples.
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PMID:[Use of nekal BX for pretreatment of clinical material before culture to diagnose tuberculosis (author's transl)]. 82 Jan 30

The administration of veratramine produced generalized tremor, myoclonus, hindlimb abduction, backward gait and Straub tail, similar to the "5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) syndrome", in mice. Pretreatment with metergoline, methysergide, mainserin or cyproheptadine ameliorated veratramine-induced myoclonus and tremor. For suppression of other symptoms, mianserin and cyproheptadine were effective. Metergoline improved hindlimb abduction and Straub tail, but did not inhibit backward gait. Methysergide was ineffective for the remaining symptoms. 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) enhanced all these symptoms except for Straub tail. 8-Hydroxy-2-[di-n-propylamino] tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT) augmented tremor, hindlimb abduction and backward gait, but did not influence myoclonus and Straub tail. 5-Methoxy-3[1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl] 1H-indole (RU 24969) did not modify the symptoms. Destruction of 5-HT neurons using 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) resulted in suppression of the syndrome. The denervation supersensitivity caused by 5,6-DHT did not increase the response to veratramine. These findings indicate that part of the site of action of veratramine may be the presynaptic 5-HT neurons.
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PMID:Veratramine-induced behavior associated with serotonergic hyperfunction in mice. 171 Feb 97

A rapid sensitive technique was developed for the analysis of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in plasma stored in plastic bags by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection and a Hypersil ODS column. The compound was easily and efficiently extracted with a mixture of sodium hydroxide and acetonitrile, which allowed the deproteinization of plasma samples. The recovery was greater than 95% and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were better than 6.5%. The results obtained showed that the amount of DEHP accumulated in plasma varied according to different parameters and depended on the storage conditions (time, temperature and shaking) and also on the lipid content of the stored plasma and the sterilization process of the PVC bags.
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PMID:Rapid determination by high performance liquid chromatography of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate in plasma stored in plastic bags. 186 66

An extraction-derivatization method suitable for the analysis of subnanogram amounts of biogenic amines in aqueous solution has been developed. The most satisfactory procedure for the analysis of these compounds was reaction with 3,5-ditrifluorobenzoylchloride (DTFMBCl) in phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 followed by extraction of the resultant amide esters into ethyl acetate. This was followed by hydrolysis of the phenolic ester functionalities by shaking the organic layer with 10 M ammonium hydroxide. The phenolic and alcoholic hydroxyl groups were then reacted with bistrimethylsilylacetamide and the trimethylsilyl-DTFMB amides were then analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the negative ion chemical ionization mode with methane as reagent gas. The limits of detection for these derivatives was less than 1 pg and the method was readily applicable to the extraction and analysis of 0.5 ng of a given biogenic amine.
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PMID:An extraction-derivatization method suitable for the analysis of biogenic amines by gas chromatography negative ion mass spectrometry. 340 22

A method was developed for quantitative determination of endogenous production of prostaglandin (PG)E1, PGE2 and PGE3 by Rana temporaria lung, heart and urinary bladder homogenates, since these tissues contain the precursors, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic, arachidonic and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids. Following homogenization and shaking at 22 degrees C for 30 min, media were extracted by XAD-2, treated with sodium hydroxide in order to convert PGE compounds into PGB compounds, purified by thin-layer chromatography, and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with homo-PGE1 as an internal standard. The ratio of prostaglandins E1, E2 and E3 compared to the ratio of fatty acid precursors in tissue suggested that the tissue content of precursor is not the only factor determining the type of prostaglandin synthesized.
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PMID:Quantitative determination of prostaglandins E1, E2 and E3 in frog tissue. 349 37

Several cultures of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were successfully immobilized with titanous hydroxide. The immobilization efficiency for the microorganisms investigated in saline and broth media ranged from 80.2 to 99.9%. The immobilization of salmonellae was effective over a wide pH range. The presence of buffers, particularly phosphate buffer, drastically reduced the immobilization rate. However, buffers may be added to immunoassay systems after immobilization of microorganisms. The immobilization process involved only one step, i.e., shaking 100 microliter of culture with 50 microliter of titanous hydroxide suspension in polystyrene tubes for only 10 min. The immobilized cells were so tenaciously bound that vigorous agitation for 24 h did not result in cell dissociation. The nonspecific binding of 125I-labeled antibody from rabbits and 125I-labeled protein A by titanous hydroxide was inhibited in the presence of 2% gelatin and amounted to only 5.6 and 3.9%, respectively. We conclude that this immobilization procedure is a potentially powerful tool which could be utilized in solid-phase immunoassays concerned with the diagnosis of microorganisms.
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PMID:Immobilization of microorganisms for detection by solid-phase immunoassays. 390 Jan 28

The effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the physical stability of aluminum hydroxycarbonate and magnesium hydroxide gels was studied. Coagulation following a freeze-thaw cycle, leading to the formation of visible aggregates, affected the content uniformity of both gels. The freeze-thaw cycles did not affect the crystal form or surface characteristics of the gels as determined by X-ray powder diffraction and point of zero charge, but caused a slight reduction in the rate of acid neutralization and a large increase in the rate of sedimentation. The greatest effect was observed after the first freeze-thaw cycle. While the duration of freezing was not a factor, the rate of freezing was important and was inversely related to the aggregate size. The aggregates which formed following a freeze-thaw cycle were not redispersed by shaking, but were reversed by ultrasonic treatment or homogenization. The adsorption of polymers or surface-active agents prior to freezing reduced and, in some cases, prevented the formation of aggregates. The physical instability produced by a freeze-thaw cycle was explained by the modified DLVO theory. The force exerted on the particles by the growing ice crystals forced the particles into the primary minimum, producing strong interparticle attraction. On thawing, simple agitation did not provide enough force to overcome the attractive force of the primary minimum. Adsorption of polymers or surface-active agents increased the steric repulsive force and prevented the particles from reaching the primary minimum.
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PMID:Mechanism of freeze-thaw instability of aluminum hydroxycarbonate and magnesium hydroxide gels. 669 78

Trimethyltin (TMT) produces unique pathological and behavioral changes after a single dose. In this study, TMT was used to examine the ability of a neurobehavioral screening battery (functional observational battery and motor activity) to characterize these behavioral changes in rats. The behavioral profile of TMT was obtained using these tests in male Long-Evans (LE) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats, to assess the influence of rat strain, and in LE males and females to evaluate gender-related differences. All rats were tested before dosing and again at 1, 7, 21, and 42 d after a single dose of either 0, 4, 6, or 8 mg/kg TMT-hydroxide (intravenously). In general, the characteristic syndrome of tremor, increased reactivity, and hyperactivity was observed; however, the magnitude and time course of these effects were much greater in F344 rats. Significant strain- but not gender-related differences were obtained when comparing TMT effects on different domains of neurological function. Comparisons of predosing data between male LE and F344 rats, as well as between male and female LE rats, revealed significant differences in baseline values for about half of the measures of the test battery. These preexisting differences, however, could not account for the observed dissimilarities in treatment effects. Quantitative and qualitative differences were evident to a greater extent when comparing LEs and F344s than between males and females. Therefore, conclusions based on these types of neurobehavioral screening data would be influenced considerably more by the differences between rat strains.
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PMID:Rat strain- and gender-related differences in neurobehavioral screening: acute trimethyltin neurotoxicity. 861 24

A simple and rapid method for the determination of amphetamine (AP) and methamphetamine (MA) in human hair was developed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection (GC-NPD). The hair (1 mg) was dissolved in 0.2 ml of a 5 M sodium hydroxide solution in a tightly sealed vial by shaking at 75 degrees C for about 5 min. In order to adsorb AP and MA on the SPME fiber, 100 microm of polydimethylsiloxane fiber was exposed to the headspace of the vial, and the vial was heated at 55 degrees C for 20 min. Then the fiber was removed from the vial and inserted into the injection port of the GC-NPD system using a CBJ-17 capillary column. The compounds adsorbed on the fiber were analyzed by exposing the fiber at 220 degrees C for 30 s in the GC injection port. By using this method, AP and MA in human hair could be analyzed simply and rapidly without any interference from coexisting substances. The percentages of AP and MA extracted from human hair by the SPME method were 48 and 62%, respectively, and relative standard deviations were below 10% (n=5). The calibration curves for AP and MA were linear in the ranges of 0.4-15 and 4-160 ng/mg hair, respectively. The detection limits of AP and MA at a signal-to-noise ratio of three were 0.1 and 0.4 ng/mg hair, respectively. This method could be applied to the analysis of an abuser's hair sample.
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PMID:Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in human hair by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. 961 38


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