Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This method is applicable for determining activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), a heat-labile enzyme, in cooked, boneless, nonbreaded broiler marinated (83.65% meat) and nonmarinated (100% meat) breast and thigh and in a 50:50 blend of breast and thigh meat. The assay uses a self-indicating substrate that, when acted upon by ACP, loses a phosphate radical and becomes a highly fluorescent compound. Cooked meat is added to deionized distilled water in a 1:3 ratio, blended with a hand-held homogenizer, and then centrifuged at 2500 relative centrifugal force for 5 min. ACP activity in the filtrate is measured after shaking on a Vortex mixer 75 microL of the extract with a pH 5.00 acetate buffer containing a nonfluorescent aromatic monophosphoric ester substrate. The rate of fluorophore formation is monitored during a 3 min incubation period (38 degrees C) in a fluorometer, and ACP enzyme activity (mU/kg sample) is calculated. Three laboratories analyzed 6 cooked poultry products (marinated and nonmarinated breast, thigh, and 50:50 breast/thigh blend). Five cooking temperatures were used to generate different ACP activity levels, which were replicated twice with duplicate samples and duplicate sample tests representing 720 data points. Log10 ACP activity (mU/kg sample) performance repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations (sr and sR) and relative standard deviations (RSDr and RSDR) over 5 cooking treatments for 6 products were as follows: marinated breast: sr = 0.02, sR = 0.08, RSDr = 0.60%, RSDR = 2.12%; nonmarinated breast: sr = 0.02, sR = 0.04, RSDr = 0.66%, RSDR = 1.29%; marinated thigh: sr = 0.01, = 0.01, RSDr = 0.37%, RSDR = 0.37%; nonmarinated thigh: sr = 0.02, sR = 0.05, RSDr = 0.53%, RSDR = 1.43%; marinated 50:50 breast/thigh blend: sr = 0.01, sR = 0.05, RSDr = 0.36%, RSDR = 1.31%; nonmarinated 50:50 breast/thigh blend: sr = 0.01, sR = 0.04, RSDr = 0.32%, RSDR = 1.12%.
 ...
PMID:Fluorometric determination of acid phosphatase in cooked, boneless, nonbreaded broiler breast and thigh meat. 968 Jul 15

Amphotropic Moloney-murine leukemia virus recombinants (Mo-AmphoV) induce a severe spongiform encephalomyelopathy in newborn mice. We show here that a coisogenic recombinant with a 10A1-MuLV host range (Mo-10A1V) also induces a neurodegenerative disease, clinically characterized by mild tremor and ataxia. Spongiform lesions are most severe in the metencephalon and mesencephalon but extend into the prosencephalon and spinal cord. Significantly, the quality of histopathology was indistinguishable between Mo-AmphoV and Mo-10A1V, probably reflecting a final common pathogenic pathway. Common receptor use thus may be an important determinant in the pathogenicity of these viruses. These results have implications for the clinical use of retroviral pseudotypes that use phosphate transporters for cell entry.
 ...
PMID:Murine leukemia virus recombinants that use phosphate transporters for cell entry induce similar spongiform encephalomyelopathies in newborn mice. 987 10

There are special considerations when performing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on a patient with malaria. A 70-year-old female with a recent history of severe aortic stenosis was scheduled to undergo elective aortic valve replacement. One week prior to surgery, the patient developed shaking chills and fever, with a positive malaria smear. An extensive literature search was undertaken to determine the effect of CPB on a patient with active malaria, but no prior reference was found. One major concern was the lysis of red blood cells while on bypass. The surgery was performed uneventfully, following 2 weeks of treatment with primaquine phosphate.
 ...
PMID:Cardiopulmonary bypass on a patient with malaria. 1041 Dec 53

This study examines the effect of high glucose levels on the markers of oxidative stress, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and induction of coagulation by high-glucose-treated red blood cells (RBCs). Washed normal RBCs were suspended to 15% hematocrit in phosphate-buffered saline and incubated with different concentrations of glucose for 24 hours in a shaking water bath at 37 degrees C. This treatment caused depletion of vitamin E and accumulation of vitamin E-quinone and malondialdehyde ([MDA] an end product of lipid peroxidation), externalization of PS in the membrane bilayer, and induction of coagulation by RBCs. Pretreatment of RBCs with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin E reduced membrane lipid peroxidation, PS externalization, and the tendency of high-glucose-treated RBCs to clot plasma. This study provides further evidence for the increased oxidative stress in RBCs exposed to high glucose levels. In addition, it suggests a role for membrane lipid peroxidation in the PS externalization in the membrane bilayer and in the induction of clotting by RBCs exposed to hyperglycemia. It also suggests that certain antioxidants can decrease cellular damage and restore certain cellular functions in diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Effect of vitamin E and N-acetylcysteine on phosphatidylserine externalization and induction of coagulation by high-glucose-treated human erythrocytes. 1045 57

The aim of this study is to clarify the physico-chemical factors which influence apatite formation on/in a hydrogel during a novel alternate soaking process. A poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) gel was used as a model matrix. The amount of apatite formed on/in PVA gels decreased with an increase in the reaction temperature during the same reaction cycles. This suggested that the equilibrium swelling ratios decreased with increasing reaction temperatures; that is, the diffusion of calcium and phosphate ions reduced at high reaction temperature. However, the crystallinity of apatite formed on/in PVA gels was greater at higher reaction temperatures. The amount of apatite formed on/in PVA gels increased with an increase in the calcium and phosphate solution concentrations, and increased by shaking at the first three reaction cycles. A few influences could be observed when the solution volume was changed, however, the soaking order was not effective in this study. These results indicate that the amount of apatite formation on/in PVA gels can be controlled by changing the reaction temperature and the Ca- and P-solution concentrations, and that the crystallinity of apatite can be also changed by controlling the reaction temperatures.
 ...
PMID:Apatite formation on/in hydrogel matrices using an alternate soaking process (III): effect of physico-chemical factors on apatite formation on/in poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel matrices. 1048 15

Tremor is the most visible symptom of Parkinson's Disease (PD), and should be the appropriate parameter in models for its evaluation. Lack of reliable PD tremor models and methods to distinguish tremors from nontremor movements means that nontremor behavior such as rotation following basal ganglia damage are mostly used. Our laboratory has shown that S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) injections into the brain of rats reliably produced tremors, rigidity, hypokinesia, and abnormal posture. Thus, SAM-induced tremors, when distinguished from nontremor activities, has the potential as a model for testing anti-PD agents. Tremor Monitor-recorded activity profiles of the rats injected with SAM showed low-amplitude signals interlaced with high-amplitude bursts of tremor episodes. Control activities were of low-medium amplitudes with no such patterns. The number of real and apparent episodes detected over 20 min were 92 +/- 12 and 84 +/- 14 lasting 470 +/- 50 and 210 +/- 50 s, indicating mean durations of 5.1, and 2.4 s, frequencies of 12 +/- 0.1 and 11 +/- 0.2 Hz, cycles (waves) per episode of 54 +/- 6 and 19 +/- 2 and amplitudes of 42.3 +/- 5 and 19.8 +/- 1 for the SAM-treated and control rats, respectively. The nontremor activities of rats injected with phosphate-buffered saline were distinguished and eliminated by raising the minimum amplitude and number of cycles to 20. This procedure is being enhanced for screening antitremor agents and for elucidating the possible mechanism for Parkinsonism.
 ...
PMID:Quantification of S-adenosylmethionine-induced tremors: a possible tremor model for Parkinson's disease. 1068 94

Glycoxidative modification of various body proteins, including fibronectin (FN), has been shown to change their structural and functional properties, and be implicated in pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Little is known about the role of secondary structure of glycoxidative FN (gFN) in its domain functions. gFN was prepared by incubation with 25 and 200 mM glucose in 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C on a shaking plate under aerobic and sterile conditions for various time intervals up to 49 days, being defined as gFN25 and gFN200, respectively. Unmodified FN (uFN) was prepared by incubation in 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer without any glucose at 4 degrees C for 49 days. The extent of glycoxidative modification was examined using a noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an antibody against N(epsilon) -(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), one of the major glycoxidation products. The binding activities of uFN and gFN to collagen, gelatin and heparin were determined by a solid phase enzyme immunoassay or heparin-affinity HPLC. Cell attachment was estimated by the extent of adhesion of FITC-labeled smooth muscle cells to uFN or gFN. Conformational change in gFN was detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and spectroscopy (circular dichroism). CML was detected in gFN25 and gFN200 after 49 and 21 days of incubation, respectively. Levels of CML were about six-fold higher in gFN200 than in gFN25 after 49 days. Both gFN25 and gFN200 showed a significant decrease in the ability of binding to collagen and gelatin after 7 days of incubation. The binding activity for heparin was significantly decreased in both gFN25 and gFN200 after one day. Cell attachment activity was reduced to 89% and 76% of the unmodified form in both gFN25 and gFN200 after 49 days, respectively. High molecular weight materials were found in gFN25 and gFN200 after 21 and 7 days, respectively. CD spectrum showed that gFN25 had lost its native conformation after 3 days of incubation, depending upon the concentration and incubation interval of the applied glucose. These in vitro results suggest that the loss of native conformation may reduce the domain functions of gFN, including binding activity to macromolecular ligands and cell attachment, and may play a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
 ...
PMID:Causal relationship between conformational change and inhibition of domain functions of glycoxidative fibronectin. 1099 58

Low entrapment of drugs into liposomes is a serious challenge in their commercial application. 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP), an antineoplastic agent, is such a drug with low entrapment efficiency (EE). We devised their lipophilic derivatization as a means of enhancing EE by covalently coupling 6-MP with glyceryl monostearate (GMS) via a succinic anhydride spacer. This prodrug had an improved partition coefficient value of 25.16 compared to 1.22 for free drug, confirming higher lipophilicity. A hydrolysis rate study of prodrug indicated 2.90%, 12.5%, 24.1%, and 25.1% hydrolysis in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) and 10%, 20%, and 30% serum, respectively. Liposomes of phosphatidylcholine (PC)/sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and dicetyl phosphate bearing drug or prodrug were prepared by shaking by hand and sonication methods. The EE was found to increase from 1.92% for free drug to 91.8% for drug-conjugate. An in vitro cell line toxicity study on L1210 leukemia cells showed improved performance of liposome-encapsulated drug-conjugate compared to free drug. The plasma drug level profile following administration of free drug and the liposomal formulation containing prodrug (HE liposome) manifested a higher sustained level of the latter, which was further improved in case of sphingomyelin-containing liposomes (STHE liposome). The pharmacokinetic parameters revealed an increase in half-life, from 61 min to 120 min for the HE liposomes and 296 min for the STHE liposomes. Therefore, increased entrapment was made possible through lipophilic derivatization, and it was subsequently tested in vivo.
 ...
PMID:High-entrapment liposomes for 6-Mercaptopurine--a prodrug approach. 1114 34

This study compared the effect of different physical and chemical treatments of strawberries and tomatoes to determine their ability to recover seeded viral and bacterial pathogens from produce surfaces. Solutions of salts, amino acids, complex media, and detergents were compared as eluants. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing 0.1% Tween 80 eluted the highest number of seeded microorganisms. Elution with this defined solution was then compared under different conditions of physical agitation. Rotary shaking for 20 min at 36 degrees C eluted higher numbers of viruses and bacteria than did low- or high-speed stomaching. Commercially available and laboratory prepared bacteriological differential media were compared for their ability to recover and distinguish eluted Salmonella Montevideo and Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains from seeded produce. The recovery of seeded bacterial pathogens was low when differential media containing selective ingredients were used (MacConkey sorbitol agar, XLD agar, MacConkey agar). Highest recoveries were obtained on a medium consisting of tryptic soy agar supplemented with sodium thiosulfate and ferric ammonium citrate compared with selective media that inhibited up to 50% of the growth of the eluted microorganisms.
 ...
PMID:Elution, detection, and quantification of polio I, bacteriophages, Salmonella montevideo, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from seeded strawberries and tomatoes. 1125 69

The mechanism of the inactivation of Lactobacillus casei phage PL-1 suspended in a phosphate buffer by black-light (BL) -catalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film was studied. Generation of both superoxide anions (O2-) and hydroxyl radicals (*OH) was confirmed in the aqueous medium in which TiO2 film was settled with BL irradiation under gentle shaking. With BL-irradiation alone without TiO2 film, only O2- was generated to some extent. The genome DNA inside the phage particles was found to be fragmented by the treatment of PL-1 phages with BL-catalytic TiO2 film. The phage inactivation by BL-catalytic TiO2 film was inhibited by the addition of albumin in a concentration-dependent manner. BL-catalytic TiO2 film was considered to cause primarily the damage to the capsid protein through the generation of active oxygen species such as *OH, followed by damage to the genome DNA inside the phage particles.
 ...
PMID:Mechanism of the photocatalytic inactivation of Lactobacillus casei phage PL-1 by titania thin film. 1127 Jun 52


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>