Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The current model for branching morphogenesis of mouse lung proposes that the epithelium bifurcates as cells pursue separate sources of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 10, secreted from mesenchymal tissue through interactions with epithelial tissue. If so, it may be assumed that the lung epithelium will grow into a uniform, expanding ball (without branching) when uniformly exposed to a constant concentration of FGF10. To test this hypothesis, we cultured Matrigel-embedded lung epithelium explants in FGF10-supplemented medium while shaking the culture dishes. Shaking cultures with FGF10 resulted in inferior epithelial branching compared to control cultures at rest. However, this effect was unexpectedly accompanied by poor growth rather than by ball-like expansion. When using FGF1, epithelial cultures grew and branched similarly well under either culture condition. Thus, we hypothesized that FGF10 signaling must be mediated by autocrine FGFs, such as FGF1, which might easily diffuse through the culture medium in the shaking culture. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that FGF9 as well as FGF1 were expressed in the epithelium in vivo and in FGF10-stimulated epithelium in vitro, and FGF9 induced epithelial branching at a much lower concentration than FGF10. These results suggest that FGF1 and FGF9 may mediate FGF10 signaling and induce branching in the lung epithelium via autocrine signaling.
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PMID:Autocrine growth factors are involved in branching morphogenesis of mouse lung epithelium. 2331 59

Mouse lung rudiments express eight members of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family genes from embryonic day 10 (E10) to E13. Some of these are expressed in either the epithelium or mesenchyme, while others are expressed in both. Incorporating the results of our previous study, we characterized the branch-inducing activities of all of FGFs expressed in the early lung rudiment. Of these, FGF1, FGF2, FGF7, FGF9 and FGF10 induced branching morphogenesis in Matrigel-embedded E11 epithelium, and their effective concentrations varied (10 nM, 10 nM, 3 nM, 1 nM, and 100 nM, respectively). Whereas shaking culture dishes containing medium supplemented with FGF7 or FGF10 showed reduced branching morphogenesis, those supplemented with FGF1, FGF2, or FGF9 did not, suggesting the involvement of autocrine growth factor(s) in branching morphogenesis induced by FGF7 or FGF10. In the presence of heparin, a well-known activator of FGF signaling, cystic morphology with lumen expansion was observed in cultures containing FGF1, FGF7, or FGF10, but growth arrest was observed in cultures containing FGF2 or FGF9. These results indicate that several paracrine and autocrine FGFs function during branching morphogenesis of lung epithelium.
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PMID:Characterization of FGF family growth factors concerning branching morphogenesis of mouse lung epithelium. 2483 98