Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Daily administration of nicotine (0.5 mg/kg per day s.c.) to rats caused a tremor that appeared only in the tail (tail-tremor) and which became more marked over 8 days. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitors, Nw-nitro-L-arginine (10 mg/kg per day i.p.) or Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (20 and 40 mg/kg per day i.p.), administered each day before nicotine attenuated the development of the tail-tremor. However, neither Nw-nitro-L-arginine (2-10 mg/kg i.p.) nor Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10-40 mg/kg i.p.) affected the tail-tremor that developed after 14 days of repeated nicotine administration. The noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801 ((+)-5-methyl-10,11,-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,b]cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrogen maleate) at 0.2 mg/kg per day (i.p.), or competitive antagonist, CPP (3-[(+/-)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl] propyl-1-phosphonic acid) at 2 mg/kg per day (i.p.), administered each day before nicotine attenuated the development of the tail-tremor. MK-801 (0.01-0.2 mg/kg i.p.) but not CPP (0.5-4 mg/kg i.p.) suppressed the tail-tremor that developed after 14 days of repeated nicotine administration. These results suggest that NO formation mediated by NMDA receptors is involved in the mechanisms underlying the tail-tremor induced by the repeated administration of nicotine.
 ...
PMID:Involvement of nitric oxide in development of tail-tremor induced by repeated nicotine administration in rats. 936 66

Accurate measurements of the hydrogen gas produced by Escherichia coli and Hafnia alvei pure cultures during glucose metabolism were performed under different growth conditions: stagnant, with magnetic stirring or with vibrational shaking. These measurements were carried out using an electrochemical hydrogen sensor based on a platinum-coated solid polymer electrolyte membrane (Pt-SPE). The results obtained were dependent on the hydrodynamic conditions of the growth, with greater hydrogen production being associated with the stagnant conditions. These measurements will eventually enable us to elucidate whether the pathway used for glucose metabolism is either strictly or mainly anaerobic and to modify experimental conditions so as to influence the reaction.
 ...
PMID:Electrochemical measurement of trace concentrations of biological hydrogen produced by Enterobacteriaceae. 940 9

A gram-negative, rod- to oval-shaped, aerotolerant anaerobic bacterium was isolated from an anaerobic enrichment inoculated with sediment taken from below the cyanobacterial mat of a high-salinity pond near Bratina Island on the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The organism was positive for terminal oxidase and catalase and was motile by means of a polar flagellum. Optimal growth of anaerobic cultures occurred at 12 degrees C, at pH 6.5, and at an NaCl concentration of 3% (w/v). Of a variety of polysaccharides tested, only starch and glycogen supported growth. No growth was observed on cellulosic substrates and xylan, and the organism was unable to attack esculin. Monosaccharides and disaccharides, including the cyanobacterial cell-wall constituent N-acetyl glucosamine, were fermented. Per 100 mol of hexose, the following products (in mol) were formed: acetate, 60; formate, 130; ethanol, 56; lactate, 73; CO2, 15; and butyrate, 2. Propionate, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol and succinate were not detectable in the culture medium (< 1 mol per 100 mol of monomer). Hydrogen was not detected in the head space (detection limit < 10(-5) atm). Growth yields in aerobic static liquid cultures were slightly higher than those in anaerobic culture, and fermentation favoured acetate at the expense of electron sink products. Growth was inhibited in aerobic shaking cultures, and the organism did not utilize nitrate or sulfate as electron acceptors. The G+C content of the DNA from the bacterium was 42.8 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the organism is a member of the gamma-subgroup of Proteobacteria, but that it is distinct from other members of this group based on the sequence of its 16S rRNA gene, mol% G+C, morphology, and physiological and biochemical characteristics. It is designated as a new genus and species; the type strain is star-1 (DSM 10704).
 ...
PMID:Psychromonas antarcticus gen. nov., sp. nov., A new aerotolerant anaerobic, halophilic psychrophile isolated from pond sediment of the McMurdo ice shelf, antarctica 947 58

We present the case of a 46-year-old former U.S. Marine who developed unilateral dystonic tremor responsive to anticholinergic medications 13 years after contralateral, combat-induced head trauma. Although conventional neuroimaging techniques showed normal brain anatomy, single-proton computed tomographic scans demonstrated hypometabolism ipsilateral to the area of old trauma. Proton echoplanar spectral imaging demonstrated decreased signal in this same area on creatine imaging, which normalized on anticholinergic medication. Choline imaging on medication showed a signal void in the clinically suspected basal ganglia-thalamus region. We believe that these results indirectly suggest a trans-synaptic origin of the patient's movement disorder.
 ...
PMID:Delayed unilateral post-traumatic tremor: localization studies using single-proton computed tomographic and magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques. 992 47

Three commercial sanitizers containing iodophor (I), peracetic acid/ hydrogen peroxide (PAH), or chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) were evaluated in vitro against planktonic and sessile Bacillus subtilis or Pseudomonas fluorescens cells grown in Standard One Nutrient Broth. Sessile cells were attached to stainless steel or polyurethane test surfaces. Planktonic and attached cells of both bacteria were enumerated by plate counts after sanitizer treatment for 1, 3, or 5 min. Sessile cells were dislodged from test surfaces by shaking them with beads. Cell morphologies were monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Attached B. subtilis and P. fluorescens cells on both surface types were less susceptible to all three sanitizers than their planktonic counterparts. PAH, I, and CG were equally effective against planktonic P. fluorescens cells, which were reduced by 99.999% after 1, 3, and 5 min exposure. PAH was the only sanitizer effective against attached P. fluorescens cells on both surface types; it reduced counts by < or = 99.9% after 1, 3, and 5 min exposure. PAH was also the most effective sanitizer against planktonic B. subtilis cells, reducing counts by 99.9% after 1, 3, and 5 min. Sessile B. subtilis cells on both surface types were the least susceptible to all sanitizers; counts were reduced by only 99.5% or less after exposure to PAH for 5 min. SEM revealed that planktonic and attached cells of both bacteria exhibited symptoms of surface roughness, indentations, and shape distortions after treatment with any of the sanitizers.
 ...
PMID:Different responses of planktonic and attached Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens to sanitizer treatment. 1041 10

Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons that project from substantia nigra to striatum is the primary mechanism that causes Parkinson disease (PD). This death of dopaminergic cells disturbs control over impulses sent from the motor cortex and hence results in the presence of three cardinal motor signs: tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia. The cause of Parkinson disease is unknown. Current treatments relieve symptoms but do not halt the progression of the disease. It is not yet known what causes neurons to degenerate. Influences of aging, environmental toxins, genetic susceptibility have been pointed out by researchers, but the theory of oxidative stress seems to be the most convincing. It is supposed that SN neurons are exposed to oxidative reactions from dopamine metabolism (production) during which hydrogen peroxide and toxic semiquinones are formed. Additionally, in brains of PD patients there are decreased concentrations of defence mechanisms such as glutathion and compensatory ferritin that binds iron, maintaining it in its safe state (Fe2+ iron takes part in Fenton reaction that leads to free radicals production). However, we have to admit that Parkinson disease is probably multifactorial, and the combination of the above stated factors may cause the disease.
 ...
PMID:[Factors which can play important role in pathogenesis of Parkinson disease]. 1061 5

A sensitive chemiluminescence-based method for the assay of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) has been developed. This method, which permits the detection of putrescine (the product of ODC) at a picomolar range, can be used to determine ODC activity in cellular extracts. Extracts are incubated with ornithine and spotted onto p81 phosphocellulose paper strips. After drying, the papers are washed with ammonium hydroxide to remove contaminants, which may interfere with the assay. Putrescine is next eluted from the paper by shaking in an elution buffer containing magnesium sulfate. Partially purified hog kidney diamine oxidase is then used to oxidize putrescine in the eluate. The hydrogen peroxide formed during the oxidation is determined by chemiluminescence using luminol and peroxidase. This simple analytical method has the sensitivity of conventional assays based on the use of radioactive ornithine.
 ...
PMID:A luminescence-based test for determining ornithine decarboxylase activity. 1111 77

Titanium (Ti) is thought to be a highly biocompatible material, and its clinical applications are becoming increasingly frequent. However, there have recently been some clinical papers reporting hypersensitivity and allergic reactions to Ti. The purpose of this study was to assess the corrosive properties of Ti in the intra-oral environment in vitro. Cast pure Ti specimens were immersed in artificial saliva, physiological saline solution, and 128 mmol x L(-1) of lactic, formic and acetic acids for 3 weeks at 37 degrees C with shaking. The colour, weight, surface morphologies and chemical binding state of specimens were observed before and after immersion. Marked discoloration was recognized on the surface of specimens immersed in formic acid, and a significant difference was found between the immersion solutions. Weight changes also varied with solutions; a tendency to increase in formic acid and to decrease in lactic acid. A slight loss was observed in specimens immersed in lactic acid and artificial saliva. The oxide layer composed mainly of Ti-oxide on the surface of the immersed specimens was thinnest in lactic acid, and thickest in formic acid. The present study indicates that both hydrogen evolution type and oxygen diffusion type corrosion on Ti surfaces are possible in the living body. (Our results also confirm some clinical studies reporting Ti accumulation in surrounding tissues and Ti causing allergic reactions.)
 ...
PMID:In vitro assessment of corrosive properties of titanium as a biomaterial. 1142 80

An ultrasonic bath and an ultrasonic probe have been used to develop rapid versions of the three-stage Community Bureau of Reference (BCR, now the Standards, Measurement and Testing Programme) sequential extraction procedure. The effect of the ultrasonic treatments on the extraction of copper, iron, manganese and zinc from a sewage sludge-amended soil has been assessed. Recoveries similar to those of conventional shaking (i.e., conventional value, +/- 30%) could generally be obtained for copper, manganese and zinc, but not for the important matrix element iron. With the use of compromise sonication conditions, steps 1, 2 and 3 of the sequential extraction (excluding the hydrogen peroxide digestion in step 3, which was not performed with sonication) could be completed in 3, 5 and 1 min, respectively, using the ultrasonic probe, and in 3, 1 and 1 h, respectively, using the bath. The extraction procedures developed using the soil performed well when applied to lake sediment BCR CRM 601. Analyte partitioning was generally similar to that obtained with mechanical shaking, and overall metal recoveries were 84-98% of those obtained with the conventional BCR protocol, except for copper extracted with the probe (74%). Poorer performance (analyte recoveries, 58-104%) was obtained when the methods were applied to an intertidal sediment. This highlights the difficulty of developing a version of the BCR extraction, with ultrasonic assistance, which gives a performance equivalent to conventional shaking when applied to different substrates.
 ...
PMID:Effect of ultrasonic agitation on the release of copper, iron, manganese and zinc from soil and sediment using the BCR three-stage sequential extraction. 1152 40

Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), from commercial bovine erythrocytes or ammonium sulfate fractionations (30-45%, 45-60%, 60-75% and 75-90% saturations) of ginger rhizome, was detected on polyacrylamide gels after native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE. The gel was submerged in a 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.9) containing 13 mM glutathione and 0.004% hydrogen peroxide with gentle shaking for 10-20 min. The GSH-Px activity was stained with a solution containing 1.2 mM 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 1.6 mM phenazine methosulfate (PMS) for 10 min. The clear zone of GSH-Px activity on a purple background was found in both native and SDS-PAGE gels. This fast and sensitive method can be used in the process of enzyme purification and characterization of mammalian or plant cells.
 ...
PMID:Activity staining of glutathione peroxidase after electrophoresis on native and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. 1187 Jul 57


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>