Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of buspirone and verapamil on spasmodic torticollis were investigated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover studies. Buspirone was given in doses of 20-100 mg/day for 4 weeks to 14 patients; verapamil was given in doses of 40-100 mg/day for 3 weeks to 8 patients. Neither drug improved symptoms of the movement disorder (posture, motility, rigidity, tremor), pain, perceived stress, or mood, either in the whole group or in any individual patient.
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PMID:Failure of buspirone and verapamil to improve spasmodic torticollis. 162 68

The effects of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), buspirone and isapirone were examined at 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) binding sites and on the 5-HT behavioral syndrome in the rat. 8-OH-DPAT, 5-MeODMT, buspirone and isapirone are all potent inhibitors of 3H-8-OH-DPAT binding to rat brain membranes (Ki values = 1.9-13 nM). However, these drugs have differential effects on the 5-HT behavioral syndrome. 8-OH-DPAT, 5-MeODMT and buspirone induce hindlimb abduction, flattened body posture and Straub tail. Isapirone induces only a slight flattening of body posture. By contrast, 8-OH-DPAT and 5-MeODMT, but not buspirone and isapirone, and isapirone, also induce forepaw treading, head-weaving and tremor. However, both buspirone and isapirone antagonize the induction of these three behaviors by 8-OH-DPAT or 5-MeODMT. These data show that 8-OH-DPAT and 5-MeODMT are "full agonists" in relation to six components of the 5-HT behavioral syndrome. Buspirone and isapirone, on the other hand, act as "antagonists" in relation to forepaw treading, head-weaving and tremor. Therefore, these data suggest that specific components of the 5-HT behavioral syndrome are mediated by 5-HT1A receptors.
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PMID:Differential effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine1a selective drugs on the 5-HT behavioral syndrome. 294 47

Rats given a liquid diet containing 10% (v/v) alcohol consume high quantities of alcohol. Within 8 hr after cessation of the alcohol intake, the animals will show alcohol-withdrawal reactions including a supersensitivity to harmine-induced tremor and an inhibition of exploratory behaviour in a neutral environment. Several drugs can overcome one or more of these alcohol-withdrawal reactions. A reduction of the alcohol withdrawal-induced inhibition of exploration, in terms of both the number of transits into the open field and the time spent in the open field, was obtained with chlordiazepoxide, ritanserin, mianserin and propranolol. Of these four compounds, propranolol and mianserin were also active against the supersensitivity to both 5.00 and 10.00 mg/kg harmine-induced tremor. Chlordiazepoxide and ritanserin were only active against 5.00 mg/kg harmine. Other compounds that reversed the supersensitivity to harmine-induced tremor during alcohol withdrawal included buspirone, fluoxetine, haloperidol, clonidine, flunarizine and baclofen. Very limited effects on both alcohol-withdrawal reactions were observed with ondansetron, nimodipine and MK-801. Risperidone and SCH 23390 were inactive. These results demonstrate that some alcohol withdrawal reactions can be studied in a systematic way and that various pharmacological agents can differentially interact with these alcohol withdrawal reactions.
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PMID:Pharmacological evaluation of alcohol withdrawal-induced inhibition of exploratory behaviour and supersensitivity to harmine-induced tremor. 791 67

Risperidone was compared in 2 double blind studies with haloperidol and perphenazine in schizophrenic psychoses. According to the maximal daily dose achieved the risperidone group was divided in 4 subgroups and the risperidone efficacy and tolerability in these groups were compared both mutually and in relation to the baseline. With all doses a good global antipsychotic efficacy has been observed. There were no statistically significant differences in influencing of productive or negative symptoms with exception of significantly more pronounced reduction of productive catatonic symptoms with 2 < max < or = 5 mg in comparison with doses higher than 15 mg daily. Extrapyramidal symptoms were less frequent with lower doses: with 2 < max < or = 5 mg significantly lower occurrence of increased muscle tonus and tremor was found than with higher doses. With maximal daily doses above 10 mg antiparkinson drugs had to be applied in more patients and in the case of trihexyphenidyl this difference reached a statistically significant level.
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PMID:[Efficacy and tolerance of risperidone in various doses (report of a study)]. 876 38

Risperidone is a recently approved atypical antipsychotic that offers the advantages over existing typical antipsychotics of improved efficacy against negative symptoms and a decreased incidence of extrapyramidal side effects. However, risperidone is much more expensive than other antipsychotics. A drug use evaluation (DUE) was undertaken to assess the prescribing practices of risperidone in a large public adult psychiatric outpatient clinic. After a through literature review, criteria describing the appropriate prescribing of risperidone were approved after consultation with the medical staff. Criteria were developed to delineate appropriate patient selection, laboratory and clinical monitoring parameters, documentation, and outcome measures. After a chart review was conducted to evaluate existing prescribing practices, the criteria and results were presented to the medical staff and the appropriateness of the criteria were discussed. After 1 month, a second chart review was conducted to evaluate changes in prescribing practices in response to these criteria. Risperidone was prescribed to 44 patients in the outpatient clinic. Sixteen of these patients were resistant to treatment with traditional antipsychotics, 19 had developed intolerable extrapyramidal side effects during treatment with traditional antipsychotics, 10 had developed tardive dyskinesia, and 11 were noncompliant with other treatment regimens (some patients fell into more than one category). In 35 patients able to be evaluated for side effects, the most common were termed "activating side effects" and included restlessness, anxiety, insomnia, and unspecified activation. These side effects occurred in 9 patients. Another 5 patients developed extrapyramidal side effects and 3 patients developed a tremor. The initial chart review showed deficiencies in several areas, including laboratory and clinical monitoring and documentation. After presentation of these results to the staff, a second review was conducted; the results demonstrated improvements in many of the areas that were originally deficient. In conclusion, it was shown that the criteria developed had an overall positive impact on the appropriate prescribing of risperidone.
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PMID:Development and implementation of drug use evaluation (DUE) criteria for risperidone in an outpatient psychiatric setting. 899 94

Risperidone is an antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of schizophrenia. It was expected that this atypical neuroleptic agent would not cause dystonia or neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) owing to its unique mechanism of action with attenuated anti-dopaminergic activity and more potent antiserotoninergic activity. We report the case of a geriatric patient in whom signs and symptoms consistent with NMS developed after 3 weeks of risperidone therapy. The patient presented with fever, mental status changes, tremor, and rigidity. His laboratory findings were significant for increased serum creatine phosphokinase, hypernatremia, and metabolic acidosis. There have been few reported cases of risperidone-induced NMS. Health care providers should be aware of the risk of risperidone-induced NMS.
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PMID:Risperidone-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome. 936 May 86

A total of 439 schizophrenic patients according to ICD-10 criteria was included in an open label postmarketing surveillance study to evaluate the efficiency of resperidone as maintenance treatment of the schizophrenic acute exacerbation. The efficiency of risperidone was assessed according the number of patients who responded to treatment, the duration of the hospitalization period an the decrease in the total score as well as in the different clusters of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) during the study period. A patient was considered as responder to treatment when a decrease of, at least, a 20% was achieved in the total BPRS score while being treated in monotherapy with risperidone. Safety was evaluated by the UKU subscale for neurological side effects and spontaneous reports. Patients were evaluated at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 6 and 12. Forty patients (9.1%) were excluded from the statistical analysis due to protocol violation. Eighty one patients (20.3%) dropped out due to lost for follow-up (n = 25; 6.3%), new hospitalization (n = 23; 5.8%), inefficacy (n = 12; 3%), side effects (n = 7; 1.8%) and others (n = 14; 3.5%). Risperidone was used at doses between 1.5 and 19 mg daily (mean dosage: 7.66 +/- 3.07 mg daily). The duration of the hospitalization when dosages of risperidone of less than 6 mg daily were used was 32.1 days. However, when higher dosages were used, the number of days in-hospital decreased (26.6 days at dosages between 6 and 9 mg daily and 25.3 days when dosages higher than 9 mg daily were used). There was a significant reduction, versus baseline, in the BPRS mean total scores as well as in it's different clusters. (positive symptoms, negative symptoms, anxiety/depression) from week one onwards. At week 1, 66.9% of the patients had an improvement (20% versus baseline in their BPRS total score. At the end of the study period, 93.2% of the patients had an improvement (20% in their BPRS total score. There was a significant reduction in the total UKU subscale for neurological side effects scores (p < 0.005) from week 1 onwards, as well as for the total score of the following symptoms: rigidity, hypokinesia, hyperkinesia tremor and akatysia.
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PMID:[Risperidone in the treatment of acute exacerbation of schizophrenia symptoms]. 959 21

A behavioral preparation that affords concurrent measurement of forelimb force, lick rhythm, and forelimb tremor in rats was used to assess the effects of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone. Rats that were trained to press downward on an isometric force transducer while simultaneously licking water reinforcement were administered risperidone (0.08, 0.12, and 0.16 mg/kg). Risperidone suppressed task engagement and increased the duration of individual press-hold-release bouts, effects shared with both typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs in this task. Although risperidone did not significantly affect forelimb force output as clozapine does, it did significantly decrease tremor power in the high-frequency (10-25 Hz) band of the power spectrum. Risperidone dose-dependently decreased the dominant 6 Hz frequency of the power spectrum, a reflection of slowed lick rhythm which is an effect that is shared by other atypical antipsychotic drugs in this task. The results reported in the present study suggest that, although risperidone may not possess the exceptionally low extrapyramidal side-effect profile that clozapine does, its effects are more similar to clozapine than to the extrapyramidal side-effect-producing haloperidol in this task.
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PMID:Clozapine-like motor effects of the atypical antipsychotic risperidone in rats. 1080 18

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed to determine the efficacy and tolerability of 8 weeks of treatment with risperidone in the management of 48 adolescent and adult patients with Tourette syndrome. Twenty-four patients were randomly assigned to treatment with risperidone in doses of 0.5 to 6.0 mg/day, and 24 were assigned to placebo. The dosage of medication was increased in fixed increments during the first week of double-blind treatment and thereafter in a flexible dose regimen according to clinical response. Risperidone, at a median dose of 2.5 mg/day (range, 1 to 6 mg/day), was found to be significantly ( p < 0.05) superior to placebo on the Global Severity Rating of the Tourette Syndrome Severity Scale. The proportion of patients who improved by at least one point on this seven-point scale was 60.8% in the risperidone group and 26.1% in the placebo group. Treatment with risperidone was accompanied by an improvement in global functioning in patients with average to above-average impairment at baseline as measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning scale. With respect to extrapyramidal symptom scores measured on the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, hypokinesia and tremor increased in the risperidone group, but the effect on tremor was largely confined to subjects with higher baseline tremor scores. There were no significant differences in dystonic reactions, dyskinetic movements, subjective parkinsonism, or akathisia. Risperidone did not increase obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Fatigue and somnolence were the most common adverse events associated with risperidone.
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PMID:Risperidone in the treatment of tourette syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 1179 40

This study was designed to explore the placebo-controlled effects of risperidone on cognitive-motor processes, dyskinetic movements, and behavior in children receiving maintenance risperidone therapy. Sixteen children aged 4-14 years with disruptive behavior were randomly assigned to drug order in a crossover study of risperidone and placebo for 2 weeks each. Dependent measures included tests of sustained attention, memory, visual matching, tremor, seat activity, abnormal movements, and parent behavior ratings. Results were compared by repeated measures ANOVA. Fourteen boys and 2 girls with disruptive behavior and IQ</=84 all completed the protocol. Risperidone was superior to placebo on response time (p=0.01, eta(P)(2)=0.43) and seat movement (p<0.05, eta(P)(2)=0.29) on a short-term memory task, and on a measure of static tremor (p=0.05, eta(P)(2)=0.28). There was not a significant difference between treatment conditions on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement scale. Risperidone was superior to placebo on three subscales of the Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form [Overly Sensitive (p<0.01, eta(P)(2)=0.44), Conduct Problem (p=0.02, eta(P)(2)=0.36), Hyperactivity (p=0.03, eta(P)(2)=0.32)] and on the Hyperactivity/Noncompliance subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (p=0.01, eta(P)(2)=0.41). Significant increases in heart rate (p=0.05, eta(P)(2)=0.27) and weight (p=0.02, eta(P)(2)=0.36) occurred in the risperidone condition. The findings suggest a beneficial effect of risperidone after several months of treatment on efficiency of responding, activity level, static tremor, and aspects of behavior.
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PMID:Effects of risperidone on cognitive-motor performance and motor movements in chronically medicated children. 1876 93


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