Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 43-year-old man who presented parkinsonism due to pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis was reported. Late in February, 1990, the patient presented suffered from a flu-like illness and was seen at a community hospital. Physical finding showed the pigmentation on the whole body and hypotension, and laboratory examination revealed severe electrolyte imbalance (serum sodium 100 mEq/l, serum potassium 6.9 mEq/l, serum chloride 68 mEq/l) and hypoglycemia (postprandial serum glucose 78 mg/dl). Given these results, adrenal failure was strongly suspected. Prompt correction of electrocyte imbalance was performed by the infusion of sodium chloride, and four days later the serum sodium level reached 131 mEq/l. On the other hand, the patient was noticed lethargic and showed parkinsonism i.e., rest tremor, cog-wheel rigidity, and hypokinesia. Fourteen days after the onset of neurological abnormalities, the patient was referred to our hospital for further evaluation of parkinsonism. Additionally, neurological examination revealed dysphagia, mutism and positive pyramidal tract sign. On admission brain computed tomography was unremarkable, but on the 14th hospital day it showed low density area in the pons. Brain magnetic resonance imaging also showed a striking increase in T2-weighted signal from the pons, the midbrain, and the bilateral thalamus. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of parkinsonism due to pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis was made, and levodopa therapy was started. After the initiation of levodopa therapy, improvement of tremor, rigidity, and hypokinesia ensued with marked functional benefit, and the patient was discharged on the 49th hospital day. Levodopa was stopped three weeks after discharge but, all neurological abnormalities were not recurrent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of parkinsonism due to pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis]. 130 Feb 56

The stability of sufentanil citrate (100 ml, 5 micrograms/ml) in an admixture with sodium chloride 0.9% injection was investigated when filled in a portable pump reservoir with PVC wall, a glass container and a polyethylene container, at 32 degrees C, 4 degrees C and -20 degrees C for up to 21 days. No change in colour was visually observed in any of the samples during the 21-day storage period. A slight precipitation was noticed in three out of nine portable pump reservoirs, one at each storage temperature. There was a slight rise in pH at each storage temperature in all samples. There was approximately 13% loss of sufentanil citrate in the portable pump reservoirs stored at 32 degrees C during 2 days and 60% loss after 21 days, due to absorption of sufentanil citrate in the reservoir wall. No loss of sufentanil citrate could be detected in the portable pump reservoirs when stored at -20 degrees C and 4 degrees C. However, a serious inhomogeneity of the sufentanil citrate solution occurred after thawing at room temperature in the portable pump reservoirs which had been kept at -20 degrees C. The homogeneity could be restored by shaking for approximately 10 min. There was no change in the sufentanil citrate concentrations in the glass containers and polyethylene containers stored at the three temperatures. The portable pump reservoirs stored at 32 degrees C also showed a significant loss of vehicle due to evaporation (1.0 +/- 0.1 ml a week). This could not be detected in any of the other samples.
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PMID:Stability of sufentanil citrate in a portable pump reservoir, a glass container and a polyethylene container. 143 99

Aqueous gels of two analogous, water-insoluble copolymers A and B have been formed by addition of excess water to concentrated ethanol solutions of the polymers. A and B differed only in their content of cationic groups in a ratio 2:1 (A:B). The gels were converted permanently to fluids (i.e. gel-sol transformation) at high shear rates. Stability of the resulting polymer dispersions depended on the presence and mutual repulsion of the polymer cations. Polymer B dispersions were less stable to the flocculating effect of an electrolyte (sodium chloride). At certain critical concentrations, 0.2 M NaCl (for polymer A), or 0.1 M NaCl (for polymer B) the electrolyte flocculated the otherwise stable dispersions to a gel structure. The electrolyte-flocculated gels were readily redispersed to fluids by shaking but reverted to gels on standing (thixotropic). In contrast the original coacervated gels (without electrolyte) could not be redispersed easily with manual shaking. Lower polymer-polymer interaction in the thixotropic system relates possibly to increases in particle size and irregularity of particle shape during flocculation.
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PMID:Thixotropic phenomenon in flocculated aqueous dispersions of acrylate methacrylate copolymers. 167 78

Liposomes containing griseofulvin have been prepared by shaking method. Lecithin and cholesterol were used to compose phospholipid bilayer of liposomes. The suspension of liposomes in 0.9% sodium chloride and the suspension of griseofulvin in 0.25% iostonic methylcellulose solution were used in the comparative study in vivo. Both suspensions were administered intragastricly to rats. Parameters of bioavailability have been found on the basis of the changes in griseofulvin plasma concentrations versus time. Intragastric administration of griseofulvin in liposomes suspension demonstrates ca. 40% higher Cmax and AUC when compared to these of griseofulvin suspension which indicates a better bioavailability.
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PMID:[Bioavailability of griseofulvin in the form of liposomes]. 185 28

Mutations that affect the physiological properties of neurones or the development of neuronal circuits are likely to have profound effects on sensory and motor pathways. We have examined the effects of mutations in two loci--the Shaker complex and shaking-B-on the taste pathway of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen at the behavioural and electrophysiological levels. The Shaker locus encodes a variety of A-type potassium channels that are likely to be tissue- and stage-specific. Flies containing the different Shaker alleles examined exhibit a variety of defects in their gustatory responses to sucrose, NaCl and KCl. The firing patterns of the labellar chemosensory neurones in response to these stimuli are normal. This suggests that the channels encoded by the Shaker locus are probably not involved in taste transduction, but affect central gustatory circuits. The shaking-B locus affects neuronal connectivity, though its molecular nature is unknown. Mutants at this locus show increased thresholds for detection of sucrose and fructose and lack the attraction response to 0.1 mol l-1 sodium chloride that is exhibited by the wild-type fly.
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PMID:The shaker and shaking-B genes specify elements in the processing of gustatory information in Drosophila melanogaster. 190 47

For tests of the growth properties of media Czechoslovak standards prescribe a culture of the Streptococcus pyogenes strain Str. A1 96/50 which must be shaken with sea sand and diluted with a gelatin solution. The author found that shaking the culture with sea sand usually reduces significantly (P less than 0.05) the number of colonies in agar medium, as compared with a culture which did not have this treatment. The author also found that there is no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in the number of colonies when the culture is diluted with a gelatin solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution. He proved that there is no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) in the scatter of the number of colonies in agar when the culture is shaken with sea sand or if it is diluted with a gelatin solution, as compared with a culture not shaken with sand or diluted with sodium chloride solution.
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PMID:[Verification of the preparation of Streptococcus pyogenes str. A1 96/50 based on the results of growth properties of media]. 265 51

The effects of eluent composition, pH, and chaotropic agents on the recovery of T2, MS2, and indigenous coliphages from various foods were investigated. Additionally, methods of sample suspension and clarification were evaluated for coliphage recovery and application to various foods. Clarified sample suspensions were assayed for coliphages with a modified agar layer technique and appropriate Escherichia coli hosts. Centrifugation and polypropylene mesh filtration were more rapid and effective than glass wool filtration for clarification of sample suspensions and subsequent recovery of coliphages. Blending, stomaching, and shaking procedures were generally comparable for sample liquefaction and release of coliphages from foods. Complex basal eluents, EC medium and 1% casein, were generally more effective than a less complex eluent, phosphate buffer, for elution of coliphages from foods. For most foods, incorporation of sodium chloride or chaotropic agents, i.e., sodium trichloroacetate, urea, Tween 80, Triton X-100, and sodium nitrate, into basal eluents did not enhance recovery of coliphages. Indigenous coliphage recovery was not affected by sample suspension pH over a range of 6.0 to 9.0. With an optimal procedure, i.e., EC medium eluent, blending, and centrifugation, the recovery of T2 and MS2 ranged from 48 to 81% and from 58 to 100%, respectively, depending on the food type.
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PMID:Methodology for enumeration of coliphages in foods. 352 56

Liposomes containing dipyridamole have been prepared by evaporating-shaking method. Phospholipid bilayer consisted of lecithin and cholesterol in three varying molar rations: 5:2, 7:2, 10:2. According to lipid layer composition the obtained liposomes varied in size and amount of dipyridamole entrapped. The suspension of liposomes in 0.9% sodium chloride prepared with lecithin and cholesterol in molar ratio 7:2 was chosen to the study in vivo. A suspension of dipyridamole in 0.9% sodium chloride was used comparatively. Particle size of dipyridamole was similar to that of liposomes with entrapped substance. Both suspensions were administrated to guinea pigs orally or intraperitoneally. The study has shown that liposomally-entrapped dipyridamole has essential and advantageous effect on its absorption after oral or intraperitoneal administration when compared with dipyridamole itself. The best bioavailability has been demonstrated by the suspension of liposomes after intraperitoneal administration.
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PMID:[The bioavailability of dipyridamole in the form of liposomes]. 379 55

The effect of flow rate and type of i.v. solution container on adsorption of diazepam to i.v. administration systems was studied. Diazepam solutions were prepared in 500 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection in glass, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) containers to a final theoretical concentration of 50 micrograms/mL. PVC administration sets were attached to the containers, and diazepam solution was infused at flow rates of 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 mL/hr. Solution samples were taken initially and at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.00, 1.50, 2.00, 3.00, and 4.00 hours after infusion of the first 5 mL of solution through the system. Three infusion trials were performed using each type of container. Adsorption of diazepam to each type of container was evaluated by serial measurements of diazepam concentration over a 168-hour period using five containers of each type. The effect of shaking the container on diazepam adsorption to PVC containers was tested by comparing concentrations in five containers that were shaken during a two-hour period with concentrations in five unshaken containers. Diazepam concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically in duplicate. Diazepam concentrations in glass containers remained unchanged throughout the 168-hour study period; concentrations decreased by about 5% in polyethylene containers and as much as 75% in PVC bags. Shaking increased diazepam adsorption to the PVC container. In the infusion trials, the percentage of diazepam adsorbed increased as flow rate decreased. The amount of diazepam adsorbed to the i.v. administration system was ore dependent on flow rate and infusion time than on the type of container used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of flow rate and type of i.v. container on adsorption of diazepam to i.v. administration systems. 379 17

Extracts containing penicillin acylase were obtained by shaking the mycelium of Fusarium avenaceum and of Penicillium chrysogenum in 0.2 M sodium acetate or sodium chloride solution. The optimum pH for conversion of penicillin V into 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) by the enzyme of Fusarium was about 7.5, and the reaction velocity was increased by a rise in temperature from 27 to 37 C. Penicillin G and penicillins with an aliphatic side chain were cleaved much less readily than was penicillin V. With the enzyme preparation obtained from a nonpenicillin-producing strain of P. chrysogenum, the reaction rate was higher at pH 8.5 than at pH 7.5 and pH 6.5. The acylase of P. chrysogenum hydrolyzes penicillin V more readily than penicillin G. In a series of aliphatic penicillins, the amount of 6-APA formed through the action of this enzyme increased with the number of carbon atoms of the side chain. Penicillins with a glutaryl or an adipyl group as side chain were unaffected by the enzyme of Fusarium and of Penicillium. No reaction was observed upon incubation of penicillin N (with a D-aminoadipyl side chain) or isopenicillin N (with an L-aminoadipyl side chain) with Fusarium and Penicillium extract. When the carboxy group of the side chain of these penicillins was esterified, formation of 6-APA was observed upon incubation with Penicillium extract, whereas no 6-APA or only very small amounts were obtained by acylase of Fusarium.
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PMID:Specificity of penicillin acylase of Fusarium and of Penicillium chrysogenum. 497 22


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