Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aerosolized fenoterol in a dosage of 400 microgram was compared to isoproterenol 150 microgram in 31 asthmatic subjects during the course of a double-blind parallel 90-day study. Bronchodilator activities of the two drugs were evaluated for up to 6 hours on days 1, 45 and 90. Analysis of the data revealed that fenoterol consistently produced a significantly greater increase in FEV1, FEF25-75% and Gaw/VL. Specific airway conductance increased on each test day 25 percent or more above baseline for over three hours after use of fenoterol and for only one hour after use of isoproterenol. Fenoterol has less effect upon the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, but produced a greater incidence of shaking compared to isoproterenol. Patients used fenoterol less frequently than isoproterenol which can be attributed to the former having a greater peak effect and time course of bronchodilation. The therapeutic efficacy of fenoterol was sustained throughout this three-month study, and suggests that this relatively selective beta2 adrenergic drug will provide a well tolerated, alternative aerosol for chronic use in asthma.
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PMID:Comparison of the bronchodilator effects of aerosol fenoterol and isoproterenol. 33 5

Fenoterol, the 4-hydroxyphenyl derivative of orciprenaline, is a resorcinol derivative with relatively high selectivity for beta2-adrenoceptors. It is active in man after inhalation or oral administration and is indicated in the treatment of bronchospasm associated with asthma, bronchitis and other obstructive airway diseases. Clinical experience has shown that fenoterol is an effective bronchodilator with negligible effects on the cardiovascular system following aerosol administration of usual therapeutic doses. In children, inhaled fenoterol is effective in preventing exercise-induced asthma and administration of the aerosol in young children has been successfully used to terminate acute asthma attacks. In trials in adults, inhaled fenoterol was superior to placebo. In other controlled studies, it showed a tendency to cause a slightly greater maximum improvement in airway function as assessed spirometrically, and to have a longer duration of action than inhaled orciprenaline, salbutamol or terbutaline, although in these trials statistically significant differences were often not found. The onset of maximum effect is less rapid than with isoprenaline but is longer lasting. About 60% of the eventual maximum response to fenoterol is reached in the first few minutes after inhalation. Oral fenoterol is more effective than placebo, ephedrine or orciprenaline, and probably similar to salbutamol and terbutaline. Following usual aerosol doses, side-effects are minimal. Oral administration is associated with a higher incidence of side-effects than inhalation, including fine muscle tremor and tachycardia.
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PMID:Fenoterol: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in asthma. 34 28

Cumulative dose-response curves for orally administered fenoterol and salbutamol concerning effects of FEV1, heart rate, blood pressure and tremor were constructed. Three doses of fenoterol (2.5, 5 and 15 mg) and salbutamol (2, 6 and 18 mg) were given. Fenoterol was found to have a slightly higher potency than salbutamol. There was no difference in the beta2-selectivity of the two drugs. Tremor was the dose limiting side effect for both drugs. Cumulative dose-response curves for oral beta2-stimulants can be constructed fairly easily and valid conclusions can be drawn concerning selectivity, occurrence of side effects and dose limiting side effects.
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PMID:Cumulative dose-response curves for comparison of oral bronchodilating drugs. A study of salbutamol and fenoterol. 92 Oct 4

The airway response and cardiovascular and hypokalaemic effects of fenoterol, salbutamol, and terbutaline given in multiples of standard doses from metered-dose inhalers were studied in ten patients with mild asthma. In a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study the subjects received 2, 6, and 18 puffs of each drug with intervals of 90 min, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s, heart rate, QTc interval, plasma potassium concentration, tremor, and bronchial reactivity to histamine were measured. All three drugs produced similar bronchodilatation. However, the rises in heart rate, QTc interval, and tremor and the fall in plasma potassium were greater after fenoterol than after salbutamol or terbutaline. The maximum mean (SD) increases in heart rate for fenoterol, salbutamol, and terbutaline were 29 (24) bpm, 8 (9) bpm, and 8 (14) bpm, respectively; falls in plasma potassium were 0.76 (0.62) mmol/l, 0.46 (0.32) mmol/l, and 0.52 (0.39) mmol/l, respectively. Fenoterol afforded no additional protection against histamine compared with salbutamol. These findings suggest that at doses based on those used in clinical practice fenoterol causes more adverse effects than salbutamol or terbutaline. The most likely explanation for these effects is that fenoterol has been marketed at a higher dose than the other beta 2-agonists; fenoterol may in addition be less selective for beta 2 receptors.
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PMID:Bronchodilator, cardiovascular, and hypokalaemic effects of fenoterol, salbutamol, and terbutaline in asthma. 167 Jun 60

1. A pharmacology practical class for preclinical medical students was designed as a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of two bronchodilator drugs. 2. Fenoterol hydrobromide (800 micrograms), ipratropium bromide (80 micrograms) and placebo (propellant only) were given by metered dose inhaler to 79 non-asthmatic volunteers. Their effects on FEV1, heart rate and tremor (assessed by the time taken to thread five sewing needles) were compared. 3. Both drugs caused a significant increase in FEV1: the largest group mean increase was 77 ml, recorded 15 min after fenoterol, and 103 ml, recorded 60 min after ipratropium. 4. Fenoterol also caused a mean increase of 8.7 beats min-1 in heart rate, 5 min after inhalation. This effect was still apparent after 60 min. 5. Fenoterol appeared to prolong needle threading time in some individuals. 6. In subjects who inhaled fenoterol, there were no correlations between the increase in FEV1, the increase in heart rate, or the development of tremor. 7. It is concluded that inhaled fenoterol and ipratropium both cause bronchodilation in normal subjects. Systemic absorption of fenoterol is indicated by the rapid increase in heart rate. The bronchodilator effect of ipratropium suggests that resting airway calibre is governed partly by parasympathetic tone in normal subjects. 8. The bronchodilator and systemic effects of these drugs can be used to demonstrate pharmacological, therapeutic and statistical principles to medical students.
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PMID:Bronchodilator action of inhaled fenoterol and ipratropium in normal subjects: a teaching exercise for medical students. 253 22

A new application form of fenoterol (Partusisten) as 15 mg suppositories from Boehringer Ingelheim was tested for its tocolytic effect, tolerance and the main side effects under usual clinical conditions in a prospective study in 50 pregnant patients with premature labour in 24-36th week of gestation. During one week's treatment 25 pregnant women received 3 to 4 15 mg fenoterol suppositories and 25 patients 6 to 8 5 mg fenoterol tablets. Beginning on the second day of treatment until the end of therapy in both groups a reduction of the uterine activity of at least 50 percent was achieved. The uterine relaxant effect was sufficient until 3 to 4 hours after the application of fenoterol tablets and 6 to 8 hours after the application of fenoterol suppositories. Side effects were mainly limited to cardiovascular complaints, restlessness and tremor, and we found no significant difference between tablets and suppositories. The maternal heart rate reached its highest level on the second day of treatment. Fenoterol suppositories can be recommended in all cases, where an oral tocolytic therapy is not possible e.g. in cases of vomiting or before operations. Here the application of fenoterol suppositories can replace in some cases the intravenous infusion of fenoterol.
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PMID:[Tocolysis with fenoterol suppositories--a comparison with oral administration of fenoterol tablets]. 321 35

We studied the bronchodilator effects of inhaled fenoterol, a relatively selective beta-2 adrenergic agent, and ipratropium an anticholinergic drug, singly and in combination in 10 patients with asthma. The period of observation was 6 hr after aerosol administration. The six drug regimens used were fenoterol 100 micrograms, fenoterol 200 micrograms fenoterol 50 micrograms combined with 20 micrograms of ipratropium, fenoterol 100 micrograms combined with 40 micrograms of ipratropium, 40 micrograms of ipratropium, and placebo. Measurements consisted of spirometry with determination of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximal expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (V50), specific airway conductance, lung volumes, and heart rate. Bronchodilation with regimens containing fenoterol was rapid, with 75% of the maximum response achieved by 5 min, while the peak effect of ipratropium was delayed for 1 to 2 hr. Fenoterol 100 micrograms produced approximately half the degree of improvement in FEV1 and V50 compared with 200 micrograms of fenoterol. The addition of 40 micrograms of ipratropium to 100 micrograms of fenoterol resulted in bronchodilation equivalent to 200 micrograms fenoterol and was associated with a more prolonged effect than fenoterol 100 micrograms. Tremor was observed in two-subjects inhaling fenoterol 200 micrograms but was not observed with any other regimen. It is concluded that the combination of inhaled ipratropium and fenoterol is an effective bronchodilator in asthma, achieving efficacy similar to that of fenoterol alone but with fewer side effects.
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PMID:The short-term bronchodilator effects of fenoterol and ipratropium in asthma. 621 Jul 26

1. The airway and tremor response and cardiovascular and hypokalaemic effects of single and cumulative doses of fenoterol given by dry powder capsules (DPC) and by metered dose inhaler (MDI) were studied in asthmatics in two randomized, crossover trials. 2. Single doses of fenoterol DPC and MDI (0.2 mg, 0.4 mg), investigated in 24 subjects, produced similar, dose-dependent increases in FEV1. Fenoterol DPC caused less tremor response and less hypokalaemic effects than fenoterol MDI. 3. Cumulative doses of fenoterol DPC and MDI (0.2, 0.6, 1.4, 3.0, 6.2 mg), investigated in 12 subjects, produced a comparable bronchodilatation (mean maximum increase in FEV1 was 0.53 +/- 0.06/0.52 +/- 0.081 for DPC/MDI) and a similar, dose-dependent rise in heart rate (35 +/- 3.81/41 +/- 2.25 beats min(-1)). The rise in tremor and the fall in plasma potassium were smaller after DPC than after MDI. The mean maximum changes were 51.58 +/- 6.41/95.83 +/- 6.75 cm s(-2) for tremor and -0.68 +/- 0.09/-0.96 +/- 0.10 mmol l(-1) for potassium. 4. Our findings may result from a difference in the pharmacokinetics of the dry powder and the aerosol formulation, particularly differences in distribution and absorption. 5. In conclusion, fenoterol DPC used in low therapeutic doses (0.2,0.4 mg), is preferable to the MDI. Fenoterol DPC used as rescue medication in high cumulative doses, do not suggest a greater safety margin than the MDI and the same restrictions should be considered for the fenoterol dry powder formulation as suggested for the MDI.
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PMID:Studies on the bronchodilator, tremorogenic, cardiovascular and hypokalaemic effects of fenoterol dry powder in asthma. 1295 5