Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE; CGP 19835A from Ciba Geigy) is a synthetic muramyl tripeptide structurally related to bacterial cell wall constituents. MTP-PE activates monocytes in vitro to a tumoricidal state and has in vivo antitumor effects in animal models. We studied the toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of once weekly i.v. administration of liposomal-encapsulated MTP-PE for 8 weeks in 27 patients with advanced malignancies. Doses ranged from 0.1 to 2.7 mg/m2. No major tumor responses were seen; 11 patients had stable disease after 8 weeks of therapy and 3 continued on maintenance therapy because of minor tumor regressions and/or clinical improvement. MTP-PE at these doses was well tolerated. Shaking chills and fevers were the most common toxicities and occurred at all dose levels. There was no treatment-induced loss of performance status. Immunomodulatory studies revealed evidence of a biological effect on monocytes. C-reactive protein levels rose in the majority of patients with end-of-treatment values 2 to 10 times higher than baseline. Serum neopterin levels were consistently increased 24 h after MTP-PE administration and significant decreases in expression of two different types of Fc receptors on peripheral blood monocytes were noted 6 h after treatment. Although no major tumor responses were seen in this group of patients with advanced malignancies, MTP-PE was well tolerated and exerted biological effects on monocytes. Serum neopterin levels may be a useful marker for the biological effects of MTP-PE.
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PMID:Phase I and immunomodulatory study of a muramyl peptide, muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine. 169 52

Formalin which was said to produce prolonged pain and inflammation was injected subcutaneously into the back of guinea pigs, and minor tremor pain response (MTP-response) was measured using the MT-pick up, integrator and digital volt meter. The MTP-response curve showed a biphasic pattern. Immediately after injection, the MTP-response curve showed a significant peak which lasted for about 2 min (the first phase) and subsequently dipped rapidly, and after 5 min, it began to rise slowly again and had a peak at 30 min (the second phase). Morphine (6 mg/kg, s.c.) inhibited completely the first and second phases. Levallorphan (1.2 mg/kg), however, reversed the inhibitory effect of morphine at the first phase, but not at the second phase. Aspirin (200 mg/kg, i.p.), aminopyrine (100 mg/kg, s.c.) and pentazocine (5 mg-10 mg/kg, s.c.) inhibited significantly the formalin-induced MTP-response at both phases. Pyridinol carbamate (200 mg/kg, i.p.) and hydrocortisone (25 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect on the MTP-response at the first phase, but inhibited it at the second phase. There was a parallelism between the time course of the vascular permeability induced by formalin and that of the second phase of MTP-response. From these results, it is suggested that the first phase of MTP-response is derived from the direct effect of formalin on free nerve endings, while the second phase is derived from the inflammation. Since two kinds of pain features were differentiated in this method, the relationships with so-called "immediate pain" and "delayed pain" were discussed. Furthermore, this method can be utilized to assess pain and the action of analgesics objectively and quantitatively.
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PMID:[Formalin-induced minor tremor response as an indicator of pain]. 651 Aug 42