Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cause of postanesthesia shaking (PS) is unknown. PS develops spontaneously and unpredictably in up to 67% of patients emerging from general anesthesia, and it continues for minutes to hours when not treated with medications or radiant heat lamps. The purposes of this study were to (1) examine whether butorphanol tartrate (Stadol; Anaquest, Madison, WI/Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Evansville, IN), meperidine (Demerol; Winthrop, NY, NY), and morphine are differentially effective in suppressing PS, (2) compare PS suppression by sex, and (3) determine time to PS development. PS, measured on a 0 to 3 visual scale, developed in 120 of 533 patients (23%). Medication treatment was initiated for 66 of 120 patients by PACU nurses following standard policies and procedures for intravenous doses of 1 mg butorphanol (n = 12), 15 to 30 mg meperidine (n = 18; n = 23), or 2 to 4 mg morphine (n = 13). Treatment effect was measured in units on a 0 to 2 visual scale. By t test, butorphanol is more effective within 2 minutes than meperidine for suppressing shaking alone (P less than .02) or shaking among patients also complaining of pain (P less than .02). Morphine does not relieve shaking. The chi 2 test indicates women suppress PS more rapidly than men (P less than .01), and PS develops within 5 minutes of PACU arrival (P less than .001). Findings suggest that butorphanol is an alternative PS treatment to meperidine, since it relieves shaking within 2 to 5 minutes without producing nausea, vomiting, or recurrence of shaking.
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PMID:Butorphanol tartrate (Stadol) relieves postanesthesia shaking more effectively than meperidine (Demerol) or morphine. 157

Butorphanol tartrate (Stadol; Anaquest, Madison, WI/Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Evansville, IN) is an analgesic possessing mixed agonist-antagonist activity at opiate receptors. Receptor specificity has been used to limit respiratory depression, gastrointestinal side effects, and reduce the risk of dependency. Theoretically it offers an advantage over traditional opiates such as morphine and meperidine in the treatment of moderate pain. Butorphanol has been used as a preoperative sedative and analgesic, as a supplement to balanced anesthesia, and for suppression of postanesthesia shaking. Other recognized uses include obstetric analgesia during labor and relief of moderate postpartum pain. In addition, butorphanol has been used effectively for conscious sedation. Its lack of euphoric effects may be useful in emergency medicine for clinical populations prone to drug-seeking behavior. Butorphanol has been used more recently for epidural analgesia or for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia when allergies to opiates exist. Since butorphanol is not a controlled substance, its use can reduce administrative liability for abuse and can lower the number of distribution records associated with Schedule II narcotics.
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PMID:Butorphanol tartrate (stadol): a review. 184 91