Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

80 strictly selected patients with chronic renal insufficiency with plasma creatinine values of 1.4--14.5 mg% were examined according to a fixed scheme to determine the presence of symptoms and signs of renal encephalopathy. The general cerebral symptoms complained of were headache in 33.4% of the patient material, dizziness in 30.3%, easy fatigability in 62.5%, giddiness in 18.8% and insomnia in 37.5%. The most prominent neurological findings were hyperactive deep reflexes in 30% and action tremor in 23.8%. The symptoms of organic brain syndrome were impairment of memory in 32.5%, weakness of concentration in 28.8% and lability of affect in 63.7%. Diffuse EEG abnormalities were found in 26.2%. While the clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms did not show any statistically significant correlation with the various internal medical data, a trend was observed in the greater number of pathological EEGs with an increase in the impairment of renal function. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation, (alpha less than or equal to0.015) between the occurrence of pathological EEGs and the plasma creatinine and BUN values. It is remarkable that the patients with abnormal EEGs had a relatively low mean creatinine level of 5.89 mg%. The strict dietetic management of the patients is regarded as one of the deciding factors for the relatively low frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the material studied.
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PMID:Neuropsychiatric symptomatology with chronic renal insufficiency in the stage of compensated and decompensated retention. I. CNS disturbances. 5 91

Tick-borne encephalitis is transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus. After the second world war an increase in the number of cases of encephalitis was observed and the neurotropic virus was isolated for the first time in 1948. Reservoir animals are mouse-like wild animals and also agricultural domestic animals. The infection is transmitted to humans through tick bites. It becomes apparent subjectively in headaches, vomiting, tiredness, giddiness and insomnia, and objectively in meningeal symptoms, extrapyramidal tremor, cerebellar ataxia, vestibular nystagmus and paresis. The treatment consists of strict rest in bed for 10 days at least and symptomatic support of the general health. Good results are obtained with antiedematous therapy with hydrocortisone or pyritinol.
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PMID:[Clinical picture of Central European tick-borne encephalitis (author's transl)]. 82 10

Primidone was compared to the unselective beta adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol in the suppression of essential tremor. In a 4-week single-blind placebo-controlled study primidone was given in increasing doses from 62.5 mg X 1 up to 250 mg X 3 daily and propranolol 20 mg X 3 daily. The drugs produced a similar reduction in the degree of tremor after 2 and 1 weeks' medication respectively. This indicates that primidone can be an alternative to propranolol when beta-blockers are contraindicated. However, primidone was significantly even more effective in the beginning after only 2 doses, when at the same time 10 of 13 patients showed a maximum of acute toxic side-effects producing nausea, vomiting, giddiness and/or sedation. Correlation analysis between the individual tremor amplitude reductions and plasma primidone concentrations showed on the second day a tendency towards a greater reduction in tremor in those patients with the highest primidone plasma concentration. By the fourteenth day tremor had increased compared with the second day and correlation analysis between individual increase in tremor amplitude and plasma phenobarbital concentrations showed the highest degree of tremor increase in those patients who had the highest levels of phenobarbital. These and other data suggest that after the first doses, tremor suppression and acute toxicity is related to the initial exposure to primidone and the plasma level of the drug itself rather than its metabolites phenobarbital and phenylethylmalanomide. The individual tremor frequency spectrums did not change significantly during the placebo and propranolol periods, whereas the frequency tended to decrease during the primidone period.
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PMID:Primidone and propranolol in essential tremor: a study based on quantitative tremor recording and plasma anticonvulsant levels. 288 81

In a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study the encephalotropic and psychotropic properties of sertraline--a new potent and highly selective inhibitor of synaptosomal serotonin uptake--were studied along with blood levels of the parent drug and main metabolite in ten normal healthy volunteers. They received randomized at weekly intervals oral single doses of placebo, 100, 200 and 400 mg setraline and 100 mg zimelidine as reference drug. Blood sampling, EEG recordings, psychometric tests and evaluation of pulse, blood pressure and side-effects were carried out at the hours 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8. Blood level investigations demonstrated that sertraline is slowly absorbed with dose-dependent blood concentrations peaking in the 4th to 6th hour and remaining high thereafter, while the main metabolite, CP-53261 exhibited an even slower rise in plasma concentration up to the 8th hour. Computer-assisted spectral analysis of the EEG demonstrated slight effects of 100 mg zimelidine and 100 mg sertraline on human brain function, but moderate to marked effects after 200 and 400 mg sertraline as compared with placebo. Changes after 100 mg sertraline and the reference compound resembled the pharmaco-EEG profiles of antidepressants of the desipramine type and were indicative of some vigilance-improving properties while higher doses of sertraline induced alterations reminiscent of those after antidepressants of the imipramine type, thereby reflecting vigilance changes of the dissociative type. This neurophysiological conclusion was supported by the psychometric and psychophysiological data showing partly after 100 mg sertraline and zimelidine an improvement in psychometric performance, while 200 and 400 mg sertraline induced a deterioration of noopsyche and thymopsyche of the normal volunteers. Psychophysiological variables exhibited a dose-dependent change in CNS activation and a widening of the pupillary size. Time-efficacy calculations based on pharmacodynamic changes demonstrated maximal encephalotropic effects after 100 mg zimelidine in the 2nd to 4th hour, and after setraline in the 4th to the 6th hour, which is in agreement with the blood level data. Pulse, systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed no clinically relevant findings. Side-effects were non-existent to minimal after 100 mg zimelidine and sertraline, but marked after 200 and 400 mg sertraline characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, giddiness, restlessness, tremor and trismus.
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PMID:On central effects of serotonin re-uptake inhibitors: quantitative EEG and psychometric studies with sertraline and zimelidine. 294 57