Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0040822 (tremor)
 18,428 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Digital movement analysis (DMA) is a new instrumental approach to assessing oral tardive dyskinesia (TD) by means of digital image processing of a video signal, tracking five paper dots placed around the patient's mouth. A total of 40 schizophrenic patients, 30 with and 10 without TD, were examined twice (with a 3-month interval) with this new device. The patients were further examined with two TD rating scales: the St. Hans Rating Scale for extrapyramidal syndromes (SHRS) and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). The schizophrenic patients accepted the instrumental assessment without any anxiety or resistance. The internal reliability of the apparatus was high, with correlation coefficients of 0.80-0.99. The DMA TD values correlated with the SHRS and AIMS scores with correlation coefficients of 0.48-0.73 indicating an acceptable, although not strong, concurrent validity. Fluctuations occurred from the first to the second examination independent of medication. For these fluctuations no correlation was found between DMA values and rating scores. Finally, the DMA device was able to detect perioral tremor as a sign of parkinsonism. It has been concluded that DMA is a useful supplement to classical TD rating, although further validity evaluation is warranted.
 ...
PMID:Digital movement analysis, a new objective method of measuring tardive dyskinesia and drug-induced parkinsonian tremor: acceptability, reliability and validity. 906 11

We report a 50-year-old right-handed woman who, at age 20, was diagnosed to have homocystinuria presumably due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. At age 40 years, involuntary movements developed insidiously, affecting her face, neck and upper limbs. During the next 10 years, involuntary movements progressed and she could no longer walk. Examination disclosed bilateral lens dislocation and marfanoid skeletal deformity. Muscle strength was mildly decreased in the right arm and bilateral legs. There was hyperreflexia in the right upper and bilateral lower extremities without Babinski sign. Muscle tone was mildly increased in the neck and bilateral upper extremities. She had persistent generalized choreic movements, dystonia affecting the face and neck, and resting and postural tremor in the upper limbs and tongue. A cranial CT scan showed an old low density lesion in the left frontal area. Involuntary movements in homocystinuria is rare and, to our knowledge, only 9 cases have been reported. This case was unique in that involuntary movements developed in the adulthood.
 ...
PMID:[Homocystinuria with generalized chorea and other movement disorders: a case report]. 1093 25

Involuntary movements or hyperkinesias are classified into syndromes of chorea, ballism, tremor, dystonia, myoclonus and tics. The hyperkinesias are caused by disturbances in the circuitry connecting the cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia and cerebellum. Drugs are a common cause of movement disorders. The aim of management is to characterise the movement disorder, identify and treat the cause or institute symptomatic treatment. The genetic basis of many movement disorders is increasingly recognised. Where there are potential implications for family members, accurate diagnosis and counselling are particularly important.
 ...
PMID:6: Movement disorders II: the hyperkinetic disorders. 1134 89

Involuntary movements may be a symptom in most infants who present with neurologic syndrome of infantile cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency. In this report, two infants with cobalamin deficiency are presented. These patients also developed a striking movement disorder that appeared a few days after treatment with intramuscular cobalamin. The movement disorder was characterized by severe involuntary movements, which were a combination of tremor and myoclonus particularly involving tongue, face, pharynx, and legs. The neurologic symptoms improved within a few days after the administration of clonazepam. In each patient the mother was also cobalamin deficient and the infant was solely breast-fed. The cause of involuntary movements that can appear rarely after treatment in infantile cobalamin deficiency is not known. Besides initial neurologic presenting symptoms of cobalamin deficiency, the occurrence of involuntary movements after treatment should also receive attention. This movement disorder may disappear spontaneously, or an additional treatment may be an alternative approach if the symptoms are severe.
 ...
PMID:Involuntary movements in infantile cobalamin deficiency appearing after treatment. 1207 71

Predictors for the development of tardive dyskinesia (TD) have been studied extensively over the years, yet there are few studies of predictors of the course of TD after it has developed. Moreover, few studies have examined predictors of the course of other extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) in patients maintained on neuroleptics. The purpose of this study was to determine which modifiable variables are important in the prediction of EPS in patients with persistent TD over a period of as long as 2 years. One hundred fifty-eight patients enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study 394 were included in this study. A linear mixed-effects (LME) analysis to estimate the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale score (for TD severity), Simpson-Angus Scale (for parkinsonism severity), and Barnes Akathisia Scale at any given time after intake assessment was performed. The severity of each of the TD and EPS outcomes at any given visit was predicted by their respective baseline severity scores. Additional predictors of a favorable course of TD included lower doses of antipsychotic medications and use of anticholinergic medications. Other predictors of a favorable course of EPS included younger age and the use of atypical antipsychotic medication (for rigidity) and the use of anticholinergic medication (for tremor). These findings indicate that clinician-modifiable factors related to medication usage can influence the outcome of TD and EPS in patients with persistent TD.
 ...
PMID:Treatment predictors of extrapyramidal side effects in patients with tardive dyskinesia: results from Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study 394. 1191 Feb 66

Involuntary movements of the mouth can present as palatal tremor, which is frequently associated with hypertrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus and can be accompanied by contraction of other muscles of the head. We report the case of a 39-year-old man with autoimmune thyroiditis and diabetes who complained of involuntary rhythmic tremor involving the muscles of the floor of the mouth, which interfered with breathing and swallowing. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination showed the presence of oligoclonal bands and screening for anti-neuronal antibodies revealed high titres of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GAD-Ab). Tremor responded to treatment with benzodiazepines. The correlation between the tremor and antibody positivity is unclear although an alteration of the gabaergic system mediated by the antibodies may be hypothesised on the basis of an inflammatory CSF profile.
 ...
PMID:Tremor of the mouth floor and anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies. 1294 Aug 31

Studies of spontaneous extrapyramidal symptoms, dyskinesia and parkinsonism, in unmedicated schizophrenia are of importance in understanding their underlying pathology and relation to the psychosis. This is a study of extrapyramidal symptoms using Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale for dyskinesia and Simpson-Angus Scale for parkinsonism in 143 schizophrenia patients who never received antipsychotic medication. Psychopathology was measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Dyskinesia was present in 35% of patients and parkinsonism in 15%. The two disorders coexisted in 11 subjects. Orofacial dyskinesia, rigidity and tremor were common symptoms noted. There was no significant change in the rates and total scores of dyskinesia and parkinsonism with gender, age, duration of illness or age at onset of psychosis. Dyskinesia was unrelated to psychopathology. Parkinsonism score correlated positively with the motor symptom cluster of psychopathology. Dyskinesia and parkinsonism scores correlated positively with each other and parkinsonism score discriminated presence of dyskinesia. The associations between the spontaneous abnormal movements and other aspects of schizophrenia differed from those described in treated patients. Dyskinesia and parkinsonism are an integral part of the schizophrenia disease process whose relationship with other factors could be influenced by antipsychotic drug treatment.
 ...
PMID:Extrapyramidal symptoms in unmedicated schizophrenia. 1572 24

The preliminary results obtained by the Study Group for Treatment of Involuntary Movements by Extradural Motor Cortex Stimulation (EMCS) of the Italian Neurosurgical Society, are reported. The series includes 16 cases of very advanced Parkinson's Disease (PD), aged 46-81; 15 of them were not eligible for Deep Brain Stimulation. Ten cases have been evaluated at 3-30 months after implantation. Unilateral, sub-threshold extradural motor cortex stimulation (2 8 Volt, 100-400 microsec., 20-120 Hz) by chronically implanted electrodes, relieves, at least partially, but sometime dramatically, the whole spectrum of symptoms of advanced PD. Tremor and rigor bilaterally in all limbs and akinesia are reduced. Standing, gait, motor performance, speech and swallowing are improved. Benefit is marked as far as axial symptoms is concerned. Also the symptoms of Long Term Dopa Syndrome -dyskinesias, motor fluctuations - and other secondary effect of levodopa administration psychiatric symptoms - are improved. Levodopa dosage may be reduced by 50%. The effect seems persistent and does not fade away with time. Improvement ranged, on the basis of the UPDRS scale, from <25% to 75%. There was only one case of complete failure. Quality of life is markedly improved in patients who were absolutely incapable of walking and unable arise out of chair. After stimulation they could walk, even if assistance was necessary. Improvement was observed also in those with disabling motor fluctuation and dyskinesias which could be abolished.
 ...
PMID:Extradural motor cortex stimulation (EMCS) for Parkinson's disease. History and first results by the study group of the Italian neurosurgical society. 1598 39

The accurate and objective measurement of abnormal, involuntary movements remains highly desirable, whether the movements are secondary to pharmacotherapy or an expression of the primary illness. In a previous study, we found that the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in a sample of 100 subjects ranged from 28% when using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) or the Dyskinesia Identification Scale, Condensed User Version (DISCUS) to 62% using an instrumental measurement (IM) of peripheral dyskinesia. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between various risk factors for tardive dyskinesia as predictor variables, and the AIMS, DISCUS, and IMs of dyskinesia, tremor, and velocity of motor movement as dependent variables. The sample consisted of 100, mostly patients with schizophrenia. Poor performance on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and increasing age were the most consistent predictors of dyskinetic and parkinsonian movements. Various predictors were associated with specific abnormal movements. Head injury was related to slower speed of motor movements and the total DISCUS score. A history of smoking was associated with less IM dyskinesia. For those with coexisting parkinsonism and dyskinesia, significant associations were found with head injury, diabetes mellitus, and an AIMS score of 2 or greater in 2 body areas. Various classes of psychotropic agents seemed to have little influence on the MMSE or the development of dyskinesia and parkinsonism. Increasing age and a lower score on the MMSE seem to be particularly helpful in gauging the risk for parkinsonian and dyskinetic movements.
 ...
PMID:Predictors of neuroleptic-induced dyskinesia and parkinsonism: the influence of measurement methods and definitions. 1711 Aug 11

Data from a published double-blind randomized trial comparing olanzapine versus haloperidol in acute mania were used to address the response and tolerability of Latin American patients. Primary efficacy end point was the remission rate (Young Mania Rating Scale score <or=12 and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of <or=8). Patients were analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis. The mean modal doses (milligrams per day) were similar in Latin American (OL) (14.2; n = 51) and white (OC) (15.1; n = 120) patients treated with olanzapine, and in Latin American (HL) (7.1; n = 48) and white (HC) (8.5; n = 113) patients treated with haloperidol. At week 6, remission rates were similar among the OL and HL patients (64.7% vs. 68.8%) but were higher in the OC than in HC (49.2% vs. 32.7%; P = 0.012). Significantly more HL than OL patients experienced extrapyramidal symptoms such as akathisia and tremor. Tremor was significantly higher in HL than in HC patients, whereas a significant increase in the Barnes Akathisia Scale and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale scores was observed in HC versus HL. Somnolence and weight gain were significantly higher in OL than in OC patients, and more OL and OC patients experienced weight gain in comparison with the HL and HC groups, respectively. The incidence of nonfasting glucose levels above normal levels did not statistically differ between groups. In conclusion, in contrast to our findings among white patients, the Latin American patients who have acute mania did not differ in overall response to olanzapine or haloperidol. The pattern of adverse events differed between treatment groups. Prospective clinical trials in Latin American bipolar populations are justified.
 ...
PMID:Outcomes for Latin American versus White patients suffering from acute mania in a randomized, double-blind trial comparing olanzapine and haloperidol. 1741 34


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>